CN108500264A - 一种铝合金增材制造工艺 - Google Patents

一种铝合金增材制造工艺 Download PDF

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CN108500264A
CN108500264A CN201810333025.1A CN201810333025A CN108500264A CN 108500264 A CN108500264 A CN 108500264A CN 201810333025 A CN201810333025 A CN 201810333025A CN 108500264 A CN108500264 A CN 108500264A
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aluminium alloy
material manufacturing
increasing material
manufacturing technique
laser scanning
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宋宇
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Foshan Lingzhuo Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/20—Cooling means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

本发明公开了一种铝合金的增材制造工艺。采用激光将铝合金粉末融化，凝固，之后立即进行低温惰性气体处理，可以产生大量缺陷，在大大提高铝合金强度的同时塑性不会恶化。

Description

一种铝合金增材制造工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及增材制造技术领域，尤其涉及一种铝合金构件的增材制造工艺。
背景技术
铝合金具有密度低、比强度高、导热、导电、耐腐蚀等性能，是航空航天领域常用的一种轻质结构材料。传统加工技术难以实现变截面、内部复杂流道、精密薄壁件等复杂构件的制造，而这些对于增材制造技术却很容易实现。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的在于提供一种高强度铝合金的激光增材制造工艺，本发明提供的工艺能够获得质量优异的铝合金。
本发明的技术方案如下 :
本发明提供了一种铝合金的增材制造工艺，包括如下步骤：
（1）将铝合金原料粉末进行铺粉，形成粉末层；
（2）在惰性气体保护下，对粉末层进行激光扫描，进行增材制造；
（3）采用低于零下20摄氏度的惰性气体冷却；
（4）进行去应力退火处理；
（5）重复步骤（1）-（4）。
作为优选，所述激光扫描的功率优选为500～800W；所述铝合金原料粉末的粒度优选为5～10μm；所述激光扫描过程中的光斑直径优选为50～100μm，所述铺粉的厚度优选为30～50μm。激光扫描的速度优选为8000～10000mm/s，激光扫描的扫描间距优选为0.1～0.2mm，所述去应力退火处理的方式有选为：加热到140～160℃再进行空冷。
有益的效果：
在本发明中，采用激光扫描后，铝合金粉末融化，凝固，之后立即进行低温惰性气体处理，可以产生大量缺陷，尤其是产生高密度位错网络，大大增强铝合金的强度；这种网络同时还可以允许位错通过，这样在强度增高的同时塑性不会恶化。同时，采用本发明的方案可以制造形状复杂的零件。
为了便于理解本发明，下面提供实施例用于解释本发明，但它们不构成对本发明的限定。
具体实施方式
下面通过结合实施例详细描述本发明。
实施例1
（1）将6061铝合金粉末（Al-0.3wt%Cu-0.15wt%Mn-1wt%Mg-0.25wt%Zn-0.2wt%Cr-0.15wt%Ti-0.5wt%Si-0.5wt%Fe）进行铺粉，形成粉末层，铺粉的厚度为50μm；
（2）在氩体保护下，对粉末层进行激光扫描，进行增材制造；其中，激光功率为600W，激光扫描过程中的光斑直径优选为100μm，激光扫描的速度优选为9000mm/s，激光扫描的扫描间距优选为0.1mm；
（3）采用零下20摄氏度的氩气冷却；
（4）进行去应力退火处理：加热到140℃再进行空冷；
（5）重复步骤（1）-（4）10次，得到铝合金样品。
对制备的铝合金进行拉伸测试，抗拉强度为512Mpa，延伸率为12%。
实施例2
（1）将7075铝合金粉末（Al-1.3wt%Cu-0.15wt%Mn-2wt%Mg-5.2wt%Zn-0.2wt%Cr-0.1wt%Ti-0.1wt%Si-0.1wt%Fe）进行铺粉，形成粉末层，铺粉的厚度为30μm；
（2）在氩体保护下，对粉末层进行激光扫描，进行增材制造；其中，激光功率为500W，激光扫描过程中的光斑直径优选为50μm，激光扫描的速度优选为10000mm/s，激光扫描的扫描间距优选为0.17mm；
（3）采用零下50摄氏度的氩气冷却；
（4）进行去应力退火处理：加热到160℃再进行空冷；
（5）重复步骤（1）-（4）10次，得到铝合金样品。
对制备的铝合金进行拉伸测试，抗拉强度为847Mpa，延伸率为10%。
实施例3
（1）将7050铝合金粉末（Al-2.3wt%Cu-0.05wt%Mn-2wt%Mg-6wt%Zn-0.02wt%Cr-0.1wt%Zr-0.05wt%Si-0.05wt%Fe）进行铺粉，形成粉末层，铺粉的厚度为43μm；
（2）在氩体保护下，对粉末层进行激光扫描，进行增材制造；其中，激光功率为800W，激光扫描过程中的光斑直径优选为70μm，激光扫描的速度优选为8000mm/s，激光扫描的扫描间距优选为0.2mm；
（3）采用零下40摄氏度的氩气冷却；
（4）进行去应力退火处理：加热到150℃再进行空冷；
（5）重复步骤（1）-（4）10次，得到铝合金样品。
对制备的铝合金进行拉伸测试，抗拉强度为911Mpa，延伸率为10%。
按照国标的常规制造方法，6061铝合金的抗拉强度为310Mpa，延伸率为11%；7075铝合金的抗拉强度为572Mpa，延伸率为11%；7050铝合金的抗拉强度为524Mpa，延伸率为10%。可以看出，本发明的技术方案大大提高了铝合金的抗拉强度，同时塑性没有受到损失。
以上所述仅是本发明实施方式的一些例子，应当指出：对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：该工艺采用激光将铝合金粉末融化、凝固，之后进行低温惰性气体处理。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：该工艺包含如下步骤：
（1）将铝合金原料粉末进行铺粉，形成粉末层；
（2）在惰性气体保护下，对粉末层进行激光扫描，进行增材制造；
（3）采用低于零下20摄氏度的惰性气体冷却；
（4）进行去应力退火处理；
（5）重复步骤（1）-（4）。
3.一种如权利要求2所述的铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：激光扫描的功率为500～800W。
4.一种如权利要求2所述的铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：铝合金原料粉末的粒度为5～10μm。
5.一种如权利要求2所述的铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：激光扫描的光斑直径为50～100μm。
6.一种如权利要求2所述的铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：铺粉的厚度为30～50μm。
7.一种如权利要求2所述的铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：激光扫描的速度为8000～10000mm/s。
8.一种如权利要求2所述的铝合金增材制造工艺，其特征在于：激光扫描的扫描间距为0.1～0.2mm。
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Application publication date: 20180907