CN108489916A - A kind of lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration quick monitoring method - Google Patents
A kind of lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration quick monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108489916A CN108489916A CN201810159257.XA CN201810159257A CN108489916A CN 108489916 A CN108489916 A CN 108489916A CN 201810159257 A CN201810159257 A CN 201810159257A CN 108489916 A CN108489916 A CN 108489916A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N2021/3148—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths using three or more wavelengths
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration quick monitoring methods, and the downlink irradiation level E for obtaining tetra- wave bands of water body 665nm, 681nm, 709nm, 753nm to be measured is measured using non-contact measurement apparatusd, sky spoke brightness Lsky, water surface spoke brightness Lsw；Utilize water surface spoke brightness LswWith sky spoke brightness LskyDifference obtain the water surface from water spoke brightness Lw, based on the water surface from water spoke brightness LwWith downlink irradiation level EdCalculate water body remote sensing reflectance；After be based respectively on two wave band algorithms, FLH algorithms, MCI algorithms calculate pigment concentration, take three's average value as pigment concentration value.The lake algal pigment concentration quick monitoring method of the present invention is based on four dye-sensitized wave bands, avoid the existing numerical value saturation problem for measuring and being likely to occur, and it is more accurate based on the pigment concentration that four sensitive bands are obtained using mean value computation, can quick obtaining water body in lake pigment concentration variation dynamic, the single-factor Early-warning Model of lake water quality is built, including the different stages occurs, breaks out etc. for algal tufa.
Description
Technical field
A kind of lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration quick monitoring method of the present invention, the algal pigment concentration prison being related in lake
It surveys, the problem of being broken out often for eutrophic lake algal tufa, a kind of method of quick obtaining pigment concentration is provided, can be applied to
The supervision area of prediction, early warning and lake eutrophication that eutrophic lake algal tufa is broken out.
Background technology
Lake algal pigment concentration is lake eutrophication situation and the important instruction factor of prediction and warning, the life to crop
Long development, yield and quality play conclusive effect.The method for measuring algal pigment concentration at present has：Counting method, light and dark bottle technique,
14C methods, spectrophotometry, laboratory Fluorescence Method etc..Spectrophotometry mostly uses greatly the list of Lorenzen (1966) propositions
Color spectrophotometric.Spectrophotometry measurement needs to carry out the processes such as chlorophyll, the sampling of algocyan, extraction and centrifugation, is operating
It is upper relatively complicated.When using this method, the sample of acquisition has to pass through pretreatment, and detectable limit is 1 μ g/L.Fluorimetry is surveyed
Determining the principle of Measures of Algae in Water Body pigment is：With phytoplankton in the illumination jetting of 430nm wavelength, chlorophyll in phytoplankton or
Generation wavelength is about 677nm or the fluorescence of 620nm by algocyan, measures the intensity of this fluorescence, by it with chlorophyll concentration,
The content of algal pigment during the correspondence of algocyan concentration must be discharged.Excitation light source and transmitting light can be by microactuator suspensions in water body
The scattering process of grain influences and reduces light intensity, and when water body is by illumination, and other than fluorescent material shines, there is also incident lights
Identical fluid molecule scattering, the KPT Scatter etc. of mineral suspensions.The defect of above two method is：The spectrum of algal pigment
Either fluorescent characteristics is illuminated by the light during extraction, the influences such as temperature there is a situation where extraction not exclusively or pigment is rotten,
The pigment concentration error measured at this time is larger；Water sampling is analyzed to interior, the randomness of sampling process and uneven
Also the distribution of pigment concentration is affected；During experimental determination, larger human and material resources are also expended, cannot quickly be measured
Obtain pigment concentration.
Existing chlorophyll measuring apparatus device product (YSI, water quality instrument etc.) uses in muddy, eutrophication water body in lake
When, will appear numerical value saturation the case where, main cause be turbid water body mineral suspensions content it is too high, affect chlorophyll
Fluorescence signal.Therefore need to develop a kind of can quick and precisely monitor algal pigment concentration in muddy, eutrophic lake
Method.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the problem of existing lake algal pigment concentration monitor cannot meet daily monitoring requirements,
There is provided it is a kind of using dye-sensitized wave band realize the method that quickly detects of lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration, it can be achieved that it is portable, low at
Originally, the photosynthetically active radiation of the measurement water body in lake of low-power consumption, remote sensing reflectance, the chlorophyll-a concentration of algae, algocyan concentration
Equal optics and water quality parameter.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that,
A kind of lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration quick monitoring method, includes the following steps：
1) it uses non-contact measurement apparatus to measure and obtains tetra- wave bands of water body 665nm, 681nm, 709nm, 753nm to be measured
Downlink irradiation level Ed, sky spoke brightness Lsky, water surface spoke brightness Lsw；
2) water surface spoke brightness L is utilizedswWith sky spoke brightness LskyDifference obtain the water surface from water spoke brightness Lw, it is based on the water surface
From water spoke brightness LwWith downlink irradiation level EdCalculate water body remote sensing reflectance Rrs：
Lw(λi)=Lsw(λi)-0.028Lsky(λi) (1)
Rrs(λi)=Lw(λi)/Ed(λi) (2)
Wherein, λiFor the wavelength value under wave band i, i=1,2,3,4；
3) two wave band algorithms, FLH algorithms, MCI algorithms are based respectively on and calculates chlorophyll-a concentration, takes three's average value conduct
Chlorophyll-a concentration value.
Method of the present invention, the non-contact measurement apparatus in the step 1) includes supporting rod, the supporting rod
It is equipped with algal pigment concentration sensor, the algal pigment concentration sensor includes downlink irradiance sensor, and water surface spoke is bright
Sensor and sky spoke luminance sensor are spent, is respectively used to measure the downlink irradiation level Ed, sky spoke brightness LskyWith water surface spoke
Brightness Lsw；
The sensor structure include light pipe and be sequentially arranged at intervals in light pipe photodetector array, optical filter,
Glass is cleaned, the light pipe is fixed with filtering circle close to one end nozzle of photodetector array；The downlink irradiation level sensing
Post equal tabula rasa in filtering circle surface in device.
Method of the present invention, the light pipe field angle are 25 °, hole depth 36mm, aperture 24mm.
Method of the present invention, the photodetector array are alternatively arranged by four photodiodes；It filters
It is 665nm, 681nm, 709nm, 753nm, bandwidth 9nm-10nm that piece, which selects center wave band,.
Method of the present invention, the filtering circle surface in the water surface spoke luminance sensor, sky spoke luminance sensor
Equipped with protective glass.
Method of the present invention, the downlink irradiance sensor are connected to supporting rod upper surface perpendicular to supporting rod；
The water surface spoke luminance sensor is fixedly connected on supporting rod front end, and inclination angle is -40 ° between supporting rod；The sky spoke brightness
Sensor is mutually perpendicular to water surface spoke luminance sensor, between supporting rod inclination angle be 50 °, and with water surface spoke luminance sensor, branch
Strut is in a plane.Further, the non-contact measurement apparatus is measured backwards to solar direction, plane of vision and the sun
The cut angle of azimuths of plane of incidence is in 135 °.
Method of the present invention, the downlink irradiance sensor, water surface spoke luminance sensor and sky spoke brightness pass
Sensor is removably connect with supporting rod.Convenient for the replacement and adjustment of sensor.
Method of the present invention, the non-contact measurement apparatus further include low-pass filtering module, AD conversion module and
Data processing module, the data processing module include microprocessor and control keyboard；The downlink irradiance sensor, the water surface
Spoke luminance sensor connects low-pass filter circuit with sky spoke luminance sensor by triple core cable, and output signal is through AD conversion
Circuit conversion be discrete signal after be sent to microprocessor data processing module；The microprocessor selects AVR single chip；It is described
Control keyboard controls microprocessor work pattern.Further, further include display device, the display device connects microprocessor
Device, for exporting measurement parameter.
The present invention lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration quick monitoring method be based on four dye-sensitized wave band 665nm,
681nm, 709nm, 753nm are obtained, and avoid the existing numerical value saturation problem for measuring and being likely to occur, and based on four sensitive waves
The pigment concentration that bis- wave band algorithms of Duan Liyong, FLH algorithms, MCI algorithm mean value computations obtain is more accurate, using the present invention's
The variation dynamic of method quick obtaining water body in lake pigment concentration, builds the single-factor Early-warning Model of lake water quality, including algal tufa
The different stages such as occur, break out.In addition, the device that the method for the present invention is selected is handheld apparatus, small, use is non-contact
Formula measures, can be in the case where the algal tufa for not destroying floating on water is distributed, quick obtaining algal pigment concentration.And for height
Turbid water body, the sensor anti-interference ability for measuring continuous spectrum are poor；And the measurement of single sensitive band, there is higher letter
It makes an uproar and compares, be not readily reachable by saturation in the water body of the high reflections such as muddy or eutrophication water, the present invention chooses sensitive band more
Good extraction pigment information, avoids numerical value from being saturated, and can more accurately realize the pigment concentration monitoring of eutrophic lake, Neng Gouyong
In carrying out breakout of cyanobacteria blooms early warning real-time.
Description of the drawings
The measuring device structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is sensor overlooking structure diagram；
Fig. 3 is downlink irradiance sensor sectional view；
Fig. 4 is water body, sky spoke luminance sensor sectional view；
Fig. 5 is that measuring device uses schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is that the measured result of different sampled points and three kinds of method measurement results compare；
Fig. 7 is that the method for the present invention is compared with measured result；
In figure：12, downlink irradiance sensor, 13, water surface spoke luminance sensor, 14, sky spoke luminance sensor, 15,
Supporting rod, 16, integration module, 17, triple core cable, 18, light pipe, 19, photodetector array, 20, optical filter, 21, cleaning
Glass, 22, filtering circle, 23, equal tabula rasa, 24, protective glass.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
This example demonstrates that the specific technical solution of the method for the present invention.
The method of the present invention includes following steps：
1) it measures and obtains downlink irradiation level Ed, sky spoke brightness Lsky, water surface spoke brightness Lsw, calculate water body remote sensing reflectance；
Lw(λi)=Lsw(λi)-0.028Lsky(λi) (1)
Rrs(λi)=Lw(λi)/Ed(λi) (2)
Wherein, λiFor the wavelength value under wave band i, λ1=665nm, λ2=681nm, λ3=709nm, λ4=753nm；
2) it is based on water body remote sensing reflectance and calculates pigment concentration.
Two wave band algorithms, MCI algorithms, FLH algorithms is respectively adopted and calculates chlorophyll-a concentration, it is specific as follows：
Two wave band algorithms：
Index=Rrs (λ3)/Rrs(λ1)
Chla=-45.5 × index2+220.1×index-137.6 (3)
MCI algorithms：
Chla=7.97 × exp167.79×MCI (4)
FLH algorithms：
Chla=-13929 × FLH+19.1 (5)
It calculates and obtains chlorophyll-a concentration numerical value, final chlorophyll-a concentration numerical value is used as after being averaged.Fig. 6 is different samplings
Point measured result and two wave band algorithms, MCI algorithms, FLH algorithm independent measurement Comparative results, average relative error be respectively
27.6%, 35.8%, 32.7%；Fig. 7 is the average Chla that measures of the method for the present invention compared with actual measurement Chla (true value), and be averaged phase
It is 25.3%, R to error2It is 0.76, precision is higher, can meet the needs actually measured.
It obtains chlorophyll-a concentration numerical value in real time using the above method, realizes the fast slowdown monitoring of lake algae coloration concentration.
In the present embodiment, the non-contact measurement apparatus structure is as shown in Figure 1, include supporting rod 15, the supporting rod
15 are equipped with algal pigment concentration sensor, and the algal pigment concentration sensor includes downlink irradiance sensor 12, the water surface
Spoke luminance sensor 13 and sky spoke luminance sensor 14；Equal tabula rasa 23 can realize the product of the sun incident radiation of different angle
Point.
The structure of the sensor includes light pipe 18 and the photodetector array 19 being sequentially arranged at intervals in light pipe, filter
Mating plate 20, cleaning glass 21, the light pipe 18 are fixed with filtering circle 22 close to one end nozzle of photodetector array 19；It is described
Post equal tabula rasa 23 in 22 surface of filtering circle in downlink irradiance sensor 12.The water surface spoke luminance sensor 13, sky spoke
22 surface of filtering circle in luminance sensor 14 is equipped with protective glass 24.
What downlink irradiance sensor 12 measured is the sun incident radiation of entire upper half spherical space, perpendicular to supporting rod 15
It is connected to 15 upper surface of supporting rod；Water surface spoke luminance sensor 13 is fixedly connected on 15 front end of supporting rod, inclines between supporting rod 15
Angle is -45 °；Sky spoke luminance sensor 14 is that symmetrical axial symmetry is connect with supporting rod 15 with water surface spoke luminance sensor 13, with
15 inclination angles of supporting rod are 45 °, and in a plane with water surface spoke luminance sensor 13, supporting rod 15.The downlink irradiation
Between degree sensor 12, water surface spoke luminance sensor 13 and sky spoke luminance sensor 14 and supporting rod 15 removably
Connection.
Described device further includes low-pass filtering module, AD conversion module, data processing module and display device, the data
Processing module includes microprocessor and control keyboard；The downlink irradiance sensor 12, water surface spoke luminance sensor 13 and day
Empty spoke luminance sensor 14 by triple core cable 17 connect low-pass filter circuit, output signal through A/D converter circuit be converted to from
Microprocessor data processing module is sent to after scattered signal；The microprocessor selects AVR single chip；The control keyboard control
Microprocessor work pattern；The display device is for exporting measurement parameter.It is used for ease of carrying, low-pass filtering module, AD
Conversion module, data processing module and display device integrate, and are integration module 16, are fixed on supporting rod 15.
In the present embodiment, 18 field angle of light pipe is 25 °, hole depth 36mm, aperture 24mm.Photodetector array 19 is by four
Photodiode is alternatively arranged；It is 665nm, 681nm, 709nm, 753nm, bandwidth 9nm- that optical filter 20, which selects center wave band,
10nm。
The operating mode of microprocessor can be set as needed, and " measurement ", " monitoring " and " reseting " is arranged in the present embodiment
Three models, then control keyboard includes " measurement ", " monitoring ", " reseting " three control keys, and control keyboard is switched to " measurement " mould
When formula, chip microprocessor acquires water spectral information and handles collected information in real time, and by fructufy when shows
Show on the display apparatus；When being switched to " monitoring " pattern, microprocessor interrupt currently measures in real time, captures current value, display dress
Set display photosynthetically active radiation and pigment concentration, including chlorophyll-a concentration, algocyan concentration etc.；When being switched to " reseting " pattern,
System and screen restore to init state.
When monitoring lake algal pigment concentration, 15 one end of supporting rod is held or fixed, fixed supporting rod 15 is made to be located at water
Prosposition is set, and for supporting rod 15 with the plane where survey crew perpendicular to the plane where the sun and survey crew, supporting rod is horizontal
It places, water surface spoke luminance sensor 13 is higher than water surface 0.5m~1m.Meanwhile supporting rod 15 stretches out other than hull 1m, to avoid ship
The influence of body itself.
As shown in figure 5, the above-mentioned apparatus of the present invention is when in use, since water body reflected light is stronger, into the light of sensor
Signal carries water-reflected information and sky optical information, directly affects the measurement accuracy of sensor.It is located at when device is used
In the plane that the azimuth of sun plane of incidence is 135 °, to reduce the influence of solar reflection optical to greatest extent.
Since the measurement angle of instrument is affected to spectrum, in the wild surveying vessel measure when, ship to be measured steadily with
Afterwards, the influence of foam and hull shade in water body is avoided.When wind speed is more than 3m/s, need to measure repeatedly, in Data Post
In the process, a minimum optimum value as the measurement point of chosen spectrum.
It obtains chlorophyll-a concentration numerical value in real time using the above method, and then obtains -2017 years 2016 Chaohu, Taihu Lake
The water body chlorophyll alpha concentration time series data of virtual site.In the case where not needing laboratory measurement, it can reflect monitoring in real time
The chlorophyll a situation of change of point is made and quickly timely being responded to analyze the reason of changes of Chla in the short time, that is, realizes lake
Moor the fast slowdown monitoring of algae coloration concentration.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lake algae chlorophyll-a concentration quick monitoring method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) it uses non-contact measurement apparatus to measure to obtain under tetra- wave bands of water body 665nm, 681nm, 709nm, 753nm to be measured
Row irradiation level Ed, sky spoke brightness Lsky, water surface spoke brightness Lsw；
2) water surface spoke brightness L is utilizedswWith sky spoke brightness LskyDifference obtain the water surface from water spoke brightness Lw, based on the water surface from water
Spoke brightness LwWith downlink irradiation level EdCalculate water body remote sensing reflectance Rrs：
Lw(λi)=Lsw(λi)-0.028Lsky(λi) (1)
Rrs(λi)=Lw(λi)/Ed(λi) (2)
Wherein, λiFor the wavelength value under wave band i, i=1,2,3,4；
3) two wave band algorithms, FLH algorithms, MCI algorithms are based respectively on and calculates chlorophyll-a concentration, takes three's average value green as leaf
Plain a concentration values.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step 1), non-contact measurement apparatus includes branch
Strut, the supporting rod are equipped with algal pigment concentration sensor, and the algal pigment concentration sensor includes downlink irradiation level
Sensor, water surface spoke luminance sensor and sky spoke luminance sensor are respectively used to measure the downlink irradiation level Ed, sky spoke
Brightness LskyWith water surface spoke brightness Lsw；
The sensor structure includes light pipe and the photodetector array being sequentially arranged at intervals in light pipe, optical filter, cleaning
Glass, the light pipe are fixed with filtering circle close to one end nozzle of photodetector array；In the downlink irradiance sensor
Filtering circle surface post equal tabula rasa.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the light pipe field angle be 25 °, hole depth 36mm, aperture
24mm。
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the photodetector array is by between four photodiodes
Every arranging；It is 665nm, 681nm, 709nm, 753nm, bandwidth 9nm-10nm that optical filter, which selects center wave band,.
5. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the water surface spoke luminance sensor, sky spoke brightness sensing
Filtering circle surface in device is equipped with protective glass.
6. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the downlink irradiance sensor is connected perpendicular to supporting rod
In supporting rod upper surface；The water surface spoke luminance sensor is fixedly connected on supporting rod front end, and inclination angle is -40 ° between supporting rod；
The sky spoke luminance sensor is mutually perpendicular to water surface spoke luminance sensor, between supporting rod inclination angle be 50 °, and with water surface spoke
Luminance sensor, supporting rod are in a plane.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the non-contact measurement apparatus is surveyed backwards to solar direction
The cut angle of azimuths of amount, plane of vision and sun plane of incidence is in 135 °.
8. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the downlink irradiance sensor, water surface spoke brightness sensing
Device and sky spoke luminance sensor are removably connect with supporting rod.
9. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, further including low-pass filtering module, AD conversion module and data
Processing module, the data processing module include microprocessor and control keyboard；The downlink irradiance sensor, water surface spoke are bright
Degree sensor connects low-pass filter circuit with sky spoke luminance sensor by triple core cable, and output signal is through A/D converter circuit
It is sent to microprocessor data processing module after being converted to discrete signal；The microprocessor selects AVR single chip；The control
Keyboard Control microprocessor work pattern.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, further including display device, the display device connects micro- place
Device is managed, for exporting measurement parameter.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108152234A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | A kind of quick monitoring device of lake algal pigment concentration |
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