RU2499248C1 - Complex of environmental monitoring of water facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: complex comprises a multi-wave lidar, comprising the following devices: a compact multi-wave pulse-periodic laser radiator (8), probing water surface and generating radiation at least on near infrared and ultraviolet ranges; a system (12) of reverse radiation registration, which includes receiving channels of reverse radiation registration on wave lengths of laser ultraviolet radiation, combination scattering of water, on wave lengths in spectral ranges of fluorescence of organic substances and on the wave length of laser infrared radiation; a programmable controller (13) with systems of collection, processing and wireless transfer of data in the real time mode to remote interfaces. The multi-wave lidar is placed in an air impermeable container (1), which is equipped with a window (10), transparent for laser and reverse radiation, and is installed on the compact floating platform in the form of a catamaran on metal pontoons (4). The floating platform is made as capable of fixation to the bottom with the help of anchors. The container (1) and the floating platform are arranged as reducing to the minimum the background lighting of receiving channels and probing zone. A part of the floating platform submerged into water is made as permeable for water courses. Besides, the complex comprises an autonomous submersible module (2) with sensors (3) to control hydrological and physical-chemical parameters of water quality, made as capable of fixation to the bottom. The complex also comprises a remote automated system (14) for collection and processing of data on condition of surface water, which is common for the lidar and the submersible module.

EFFECT: provision of continuous control of water media quality in commercial facilities, operative and reliable remote recognition and identification of various pollutants in places of complex installation, efficient provision of information on exceeded permissible norms of contamination.

2 dwg, 6 cl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to automatic measuring instruments, and in particular to measuring instruments of water quality indicators using multi-wavelength laser sensing and can be used as part of environmental monitoring systems for natural environments.

BACKGROUND

To date, lidars placed on airplanes or ships, A.F. Bunkin, D.V. Vlasov, D.M. Mirkamilov “Physical fundamentals of laser aero sounding of the earth’s surface”, Fan, 1987. Lidars allow to quickly and efficiently study large areas of the water surface.

Airborne and shipborne fluorescence lidars are known, developed by the Estonian company Laser Diagnostic Instruments AS (LDI) [S. Babichenko. Laser Remote Sensing of the European Marine Environment: LIF technology and Applications. In "Remote Sensing of the European Seas", Vittorio Barale and Martin Gade (Editors), Springer, 2008, 189-204]. An excimer laser generating only UV radiation with a wavelength of 308 nm is used as a laser emitter in the lidar. Using a high power excimer laser makes it possible to probe the surface of the water from a distance of ~ 500 meters.

However, there are tasks in which it is necessary to continuously monitor specific local sections of water areas. These include, above all, drinking-water reservoirs, especially water intake sites, port water areas, recreation areas, oil terminals, and industrial sewage sites.

In a known device, S.A. Burikov, D.V. Klimov, P.N. Litvinov et al. Quantum Electronics, 31 No. 8, 2001, used coastal lidar for monitoring coastal waters. Using a lidar, back-radiation spectra are recorded when water is excited by radiation with wavelengths of 532, 355 and 256 nanometers (2, 3, and 4 harmonics of a YAG: Nd laser. The lidar was mounted on the seashore at an altitude of 10 meters above sea level, the sensing angle varied from 78 to 83 degrees. An optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) was used to detect the echo signal. A lens with a diameter of 15 cm was used to focus the radiation on the OMA slit. When recording the spectra, the signal was accumulated for one minute. In the daytime to improve the signal-to-noise ratio OMA worked in the gating mode.

A common drawback of coastal lidars is the difficulty in interpreting the quantitative characteristics of the echo signal when the sounding angle changes, waves appear on the water, and when the natural illumination of the water changes depending on the time of day and weather.

Known automatic post indicating pollution of water bodies RU 2154848, MKI G01V 11/00, 04/21/1999, which contains an immersed module equipped with an anchor with sensors for monitoring the hydrological and physico-chemical parameters of water quality of water objects, a connecting cable, an external communication device and source of power. The post provides year-round and all-weather water quality control.

The disadvantages of this system, due to the lack of lidar, are that it does not “see” the film of oil or oil spills, and with a large spill it is quickly smeared, and besides, it quickly overgrows with organic deposits.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is continuous quality control of water environments of economic objects and quick and highly reliable remote recognition and identification of various contaminants in the installation sites of the complex: in water bodies, intakes, treatment plants, inland waterways, ports and oil terminals ; prompt provision of information on exceeding permissible pollution standards for making managerial decisions, identifying violators of environmental norms and rules, expert substantiation of claims against them, etc.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the complex of environmental monitoring of water bodies is characterized by the fact that it contains a multi-wave lidar, which includes a compact multi-wave pulse-periodic laser emitter probing the water surface, generating radiation at least in the near infrared and UV ranges, a registration system for reverse radiation (OI), which at least includes receiving channels for recording OI at wavelengths of laser UV radiation, Raman scattering (Raman) of water, at wavelengths in the spectral ranges of fluorescence of organic substances, and at a wavelength of laser infrared radiation, as well as a programmable controller with systems for collecting, processing and, preferably, wireless, transmitting real-time data to remote interfaces, while the multi-wavelength lidar is placed in a waterproof container, which , preferably equipped with a window transparent for laser UV and IR radiation, and mounted on a compact floating platform in the form of a catamaran on metal pontoons fastened by a frame on which The container is fixed by means of a hinge support, for example, a cardan suspension, which eliminates the influence of wind waves on the position of the container with the multi-wave lidar placed in it, with the possibility of fastening the floating platform to the bottom using anchors, the container and the floating platform minimizing the background illumination of the receiving channels and sounding zones, and the part of the floating platform immersed in water is made permeable to water currents, in addition, the complex contains an autonomous immersion module with dimensions The sensors for monitoring the hydrological and physico-chemical parameters of water quality, with the possibility of fastening the submersible module to the bottom, are also part of the complex, which includes a remote integrated system for collecting and processing data on the status of surface waters for the lidar and the submersible module.

The registration system of the optical radiation detector can be multichannel, each receiving channel of which is a spectro-bright meter, including a receiving telescope that determines the viewing angle of the receiving channel, an interference filter with corrective color filters that determine the spectral range of reception of the optical radiation, and a photodetector based on a photomultiplier connected to the controller, and the sensors are preferably placed around the axis of the laser emitter, which preferably is a compact pulse-periodically Nd: YAG laser generating radiation sounding pulses at a wavelength of one of the higher order harmonics: 266 or 354 or 532 nm and at a wavelength of 1064 nm fundamental.

The feedback detection system may be located at a distance from the water surface, preferably not exceeding 1.5 meters.

The floating platform and the immersion module can be connected to a remote power source using two standard cable cables, inside of which are sealed wires, at least to power the lidar and the immersion module.

The environmental monitoring complex is preferably made in an anti-vandal design.

In an embodiment, the environmental monitoring complex can be equipped with a mini power plant, preferably a solar-battery and / or wind.

The technical result provided by the given set of features, when using the proposed device, is reliable continuous monitoring of water quality by contact and remote means of recording hydrological and physico-chemical parameters of water quality, detection and recognition of various types of water pollution in the area where the monitoring complex is located, including and due to the following technical effects:

- reliable year-round quantitative measurement of a wide range of hydrological and physico-chemical parameters of water quality by sensors of the submersible module of the complex;

- remote sensing of oil spills and oils “invisible” by immersion sensors with a multi-wave lidar;

- the absence in the lidar part of the complex of deficiencies associated with slurry during a large oil spill or fouling with bioorganic deposits;

- a wide range of lidar measurements of such parameters as turbidity or transparency of water, the content of dissolved organic substances, in particular dissolved and emulsified petroleum products, the chlorophyll content of algae and phytoplankton, the absence of fundamental restrictions on the upper boundary of lidar measurements of these parameters, the reliability of measurements due to duplication of lidar measurements part of the sensor system of the submersible module;

- at low emitter power, the lidar is extremely sensitive to the changing characteristics of the aquatic environment, since the laser emitter and the registration system for the optical radiation are located extremely close to the probed water surface;

- a high signal to noise ratio, since the lidar is placed in a container on a floating platform, minimizing the background illumination of the sensing zone and receiving channels of the OI registration system;

- reliable recognition of the reflection signal of PC radiation from the oil film and the fluorescence signals of organic substances from UV radiation due to the simultaneous irradiation of the water surface with IR and UV laser radiation,

- minimizing the scatter of the measurement results due to a change in the angle between the axis of the laser emitter and the plane of the water surface due to the fact that the container containing the laser emitter is fixed by a hinge support that eliminates the influence of pitching on the position of the container.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings in the application are presented in a form sufficient to understand the principles of the invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

In the drawings, matching device elements have the same item numbers.

In figure 1. schematically shows a set of environmental monitoring of water bodies.

On figa shows a layout of the registration system of the OI in a variant of its implementation in the form of a multi-channel spectro-bright meter (top view) and Fig.2b - device of a separate receiving channel - spectro-bright meter.

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The complex of environmental monitoring of water bodies contains a waterproof container 1 with a multiwave lidar placed in it, a submersible module 2 with sensors 3 for monitoring the hydrological and physicochemical parameters of water quality, metal pontoons 4 of a compact floating platform of the catamaran type, fastened by a frame 5, on which the container 1 is fixed by means of an articulated support 6, for example, a gimbal suspension, eliminating the influence of wind waves on the position of the container 1 with a multiwave lidar placed in it, with possibly Tew fastening floating platform to the bottom by means of anchors, wherein the submerged portion of the floating platform made permeable for water currents. The complex also contains cable cables 7, 7 'for power supply of the lidar and the immersion module. The multiwave lidar includes a compact multiwave repetitively pulsed laser emitter 8, generating radiation at least in the near infrared and ultraviolet ranges, probing the water surface with the beam 9, through the window 10 of the container 1, transparent to the laser beam 9 and the return radiation 11, and a registration system 12 OI. At least, it includes receiving channels for detecting optical radiation at wavelengths of laser UV radiation, Raman scattering (Raman) of water, at wavelengths in the spectral ranges of fluorescence of organic substances, and at a wavelength of laser infrared radiation. The registration system 12 OI consists of a multi-channel or hyperspectral optical detector of the UV and visible ranges 12 'and a single-channel detector 12' 'for detecting radiation at a wavelength of laser infrared radiation. The multi-wavelength lidar also contains a programmable controller 13 with systems for collecting, processing and, preferably, real-time wireless data transmission to remote interfaces. The complex also includes a remote uniform system for collecting lidar and a submersible module for collecting and processing data on the state of surface waters 14. The container 1 and the floating platform are made to minimize background illumination of the sensing zone and receiving channels of the 12 OI registration system. To this end, the floating platform preferably has a deck with an opening for the laser beam 9 and OI 11, and the container 1, with the exception of the window 10, is made opaque. The complex in anti-vandal performance, figure 1, the structure is preferably made of metal, there are anti-vandal elements, and in the container 1 is a sensor and / or an unauthorized access alarm system.

In an embodiment of the device, the registration system 12 OI is multi-channel (Fig. 2a), each receiving channel of which is a bright meter 12 '(Fig. 2b), which includes a receiving telescope 16, which determines the viewing angle of the receiving channel and consists of a lens with a field diaphragm and the eyepiece and photodetector 17 based on a photomultiplier connected to the controller 13. Moreover, each bright meter 12 'of the registration system 12 OI is equipped with an interference filter complete with corrective color filters 18 that determine the spectral range receiving OI. The transverse size of the brightness meter, determined by the diameter of the lens, does not exceed 50 mm. Brightness gauges 12 ', characterized by a set of light filters, are preferably located around the beam 9 of the laser emitter 8, which, preferably, is a compact repetitively pulsed Nd: YAG laser that generates probing radiation pulses at a wavelength of one of the highest order harmonics: 266 or 354 or 532 nm and at a wavelength of 1064 nm of the fundamental harmonic.

The complex of environmental monitoring of water bodies operates as follows. Prior to operation, a complex containing a multi-wave lidar placed in a waterproof container 1 and a submersible module 2 with sensors 3 for monitoring the hydrological and physico-chemical parameters of water quality mounted on a compact floating platform in the form of a catamaran on metal pontoons 4 fastened by frame 5 to which container 1 is secured by a hinged support 6, for example, a gimbal, is moved to the monitoring area. In the variant of the complex functioning in stationary mode, the floating platform and the submersible module are anchored to the bottom. The complex begins continuous operation when power is supplied via cable cables 7, 7 'from the shore source of power supply to the power supply units of the complex.

The pulsed-periodic laser emitter 8, which is part of the multi-wavelength lidar, which generates radiation at least in the near IR and UV ranges, periodically produces optical sensing of the water surface with sufficiently powerful laser radiation pulses at two wavelengths of the spectrum: near infrared, preferably UV ranges. The sounding is carried out by a vertical downward beam 9 of a multi-wavelength laser emitter through the window 10 of container 1, which is transparent for laser UV and IR radiation. For internal water bodies, laser UV radiation usually passes through the water column a few centimeters, and IR radiation does not exceed by a few millimeters. Laser UV radiation that has entered the water causes back radiation (OI) 11, firstly, at the wavelength of the laser UV radiation, backscattering, and secondly, in the Stokes longer wavelength region of the spectrum. The OI spectrum in the Stokes region is determined by the fluorescence of dissolved, suspended organic impurities, films in the probed water column and on the surface, and Raman scattering. The Raman spectrum of water is a narrow line that is rigidly shifted to the Stokes region from the sounding wavelength by 3440 rpm. Fluorescent radiation appears in the spectral range from the wavelength of the probe laser UV radiation to 700 nm. The probing infrared radiation causes a return radiation signal at a wavelength of the laser infrared radiation, the magnitude of which strongly depends on the presence of films of oil products and oils on water due to the difference in light reflection coefficients for oil products and water. The registration system 12 OI, which is part of the lidar, with the controller - 13 and data acquisition, processing and transmission systems registers the analog signals of the receiving channels of the registration system 12, performs their initial processing, digitizing the data of the spectral signal of the OI water, and in real time using data transmission systems, for example, in the form of a modem with an antenna, transmits them to the interface of an automated system 14 for collecting and processing surface water status data remote from a floating platform, including a receiving th modem, highly intelligent controller and / or a personal computer (PC). The spectrum data of the laser-induced OI water are stored and analyzed using the data acquisition and processing system 14. The detail of the measured spectral signal is determined by the number of receiving channels of the registration system 12 OI. At least OI is recorded at wavelengths of laser UV radiation, Raman scattering (Raman) of water, at wavelengths in the spectral ranges of fluorescence of organic substances, and at a wavelength of laser IR radiation. Depending on the type of 12 OI recording system, the number of receiving channels can be from at least four to several hundred. A radiation recording system with a large, several hundred number of spectral channels is usually called hyperspectral. Such a system for registering OIs is used as a variant of the fluorescent lidars of ship and aviation basing and can be used in the proposed device as an integral part of the system for registering OIs. It should be noted that one hyperspectral system for detecting optical radiation can detect UV and visible radiation, and a separate receiving channel is required to measure the optical radiation signal at a wavelength of laser IR radiation. Therefore, the registration system 12 OI consists of a multi-channel or hyperspectral optical detector - UV and visible ranges 12 'and a single-channel detector 12' 'radiation at a wavelength of laser IR radiation. Using the data acquisition and processing system 14, the OI spectrum is normalized by a reference signal, which can be used as the water Raman signal, which depends only on the transparency of the water at the wavelength of the UV laser radiation and laser energy. The normalized OI spectrum of water obtained with a single probe is independent of the distance, wave, probe angle, and laser power fluctuation. In accordance with the developed methodology, the concentration of organic substances, in particular oil products, in water is calculated from the measured data, and the presence or absence of a film of oils and oil products on the surface of the water is determined. The implementation of the container, which contains the lidar equipment waterproof, ensures the operability of the floating complex for monitoring water objects, in particular, through the use of a window 10, which on the one hand is transparent for laser and back radiation, and on the other, hermetically separates the interior of the container with lidar from penetration moisture from the water surface. The fastening of the container 1 on the frame 5 of the floating platform by means of a hinged support 6 of the cardan suspension type provides vertical sounding with a small roll of the catamaran, minimizing the influence of wind waves on lidar measurement conditions. The container, with the exception of the window, and the floating platform are made of opaque materials that constructively minimize the background illumination of the receiving channels of the 12 OI registration system and the sensing zone. For this, the floating platform preferably has a shading zone for sensing a small opaque deck with an opening for the probe beam 9, which can also be used to service the complex. This provides a sounding mode without background flare, which significantly increases the signal-to-noise ratio, increases the accuracy of measurements and reduces the dimensions of the 12 OI registration system. The implementation of the immersed in the water part of the floating platform permeable to water currents, in particular, due to its implementation in the form of pontoons 4 of the catamaran parallel to the flow, ensures the renewal of water in the sensing zone and, in the case of oil spills, unhindered access to the sensing zone of oil product films.

At the same time, sensors 3 installed on the submersible module 2 are used to record the hydrological and physicochemical parameters of water quality, which include at least turbidity, oil content in the dissolved and emulsified state, and algae chlorophyll content. Other measured parameters are preferably: the content of dissolved oxygen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrates, nitrites, pH, Eh, depth, flow rate, temperature, electrical conductivity, radioactivity. The submersible module is powered by a cable cable 7 'from the shore power source. Using the controller 13 ', equipped with a warning function when excess levels of pollution are exceeded, the signals of the sensors 3 are digitized and after the initial processing, preferably they are transmitted via a wireless communication system to a single data collection and processing system 14 of the complex. The data collection and processing system 14 constantly records and stores data water characteristics, and also signals the excess of permissible pollution levels in the installation sites of the complex: in water bodies, water intakes, treatment plants, inland water ports, oil terminals, providing information for making managerial decisions in accordance with the environmental situation, substantiation of claims against violators of environmental norms and rules, etc.

During the ice period, only the submersible module of the complex, buried under the ice level, functions, and the floating module of the complex does not function at this monitoring point until the iceless period.

In the mode of conducting areal measurements at reservoirs, the submersible module 2 is fixed on the pontoons 4, and the complex is transported behind the vessel on a floating platform.

In an embodiment of the complex, sounding is performed by radiation from a compact repetitively pulsed Nd: YAG laser that generates radiation pulses at a wavelength of one of the highest order harmonics: 266 or 354 or 532 nm and at a wavelength of 1064 nm of the fundamental harmonic. This makes it possible to use an affordable and reliable small-sized commercially available solid-state laser as a multiwave repetitively pulsed laser emitter. When the registration system 12 OI in the form of a multi-channel spectro-bright meter (Fig.2), the spectrum of the OI is recorded by an optimally small number of receiving channels compactly located around the axis of the laser (Fig.2a). Registration of the spectrum of laser-induced backward radiation is carried out by a registration system of 12 radiation sources with 8–9 receiving channels at the following wavelengths. Channel 1 - the main harmonic of the laser λ _max = 1.06 μm is used to detect anthropogenic films by changing the surface reflection coefficient, in the presence of films. The 2nd channel measures the backscattering signal of UV radiation at a wavelength of 3 harmonics λ _max = 354 nm or at a wavelength of 4 harmonics λ _max = 266 nm. Used to measure the turbidity / concentration of the suspension, can be used as a normalizing channel, in the absence of a pronounced Raman signal. The choice of the main probe wavelength, which determines the fluorescence spectrum, depends on the type of water and the spectra of anthropogenic pollution, typical for the studied region. Channel 3 measures the Raman signal at a wavelength that depends on the selected fundamental sounding wavelength (354 nm, 266 nm, 530 nm). The 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th channels serve to measure the fluorescence intensity in preselected spectral ranges, including the band of phytoplankton pigments. Based on our experience, the spectra of laser-induced fluorescence of “pure” inland waters differ little in shape and intensity. Therefore, for their analysis and detection of anthropogenic pollution, the indicated number of receiving channels is sufficient: 4-x-5ti. It should be noted that for a bright meter measuring the reflected signal at a wavelength of the most powerful harmonic of 1.06 μm, the diameter of the receiving lens can be smaller than the others, contributing to the compactness of the spectro-bright meter.

The location of the registration system OI at a distance from the water surface, preferably not exceeding 1.5 meters, provides small dimensions of the lidar and at low emitter power, the lidar is highly sensitive to changes in the characteristics of the aqueous medium, since the laser emitter and the registration system OI are located extremely close to the probed water surface .

Equipping the complex with a mini power plant, preferably solar-battery and / or wind, makes it possible to use it autonomously at large, tens of kilometers, distances from the coast.

Thus, the implementation of the complex of environmental monitoring of water bodies in the declared form allows you to automatically receive and process a wide range of data on the quality of surface waters by physical, chemical, physicochemical and hydrological indicators of water quality for subsequent assessment and forecast of changes in their status, with high reliability to recognize and identify, including non-contact methods, various contaminants and notify personnel of controlled water bodies for their acceptance of operational decisions.

Claims (6)

1. A complex of environmental monitoring of water bodies, characterized in that it contains a multiwave lidar, including a compact multiwave pulse-periodic laser probe probing the water surface, generating radiation at least in the near IR and UV ranges, a reverse registration system radiation (OI), which, at least, includes receiving channels for recording OI at wavelengths of laser UV radiation, Raman scattering of water, at wavelengths in the spectral ranges of fluorescence organic substances and at a wavelength of laser infrared radiation, as well as a programmable controller with systems for collecting, processing and preferably wireless real-time data transmission to remote interfaces, while the multi-wavelength lidar is placed in a waterproof container, which is preferably equipped with a window transparent to laser and reverse radiation, and is mounted on a compact floating platform in the form of a catamaran on metal pontoons fastened by a frame on which the container is fixed by m of a hinged support, for example, a gimbal, which eliminates the influence of wind waves on the position of the container with the multi-wave lidar placed in it, with the possibility of fastening the floating platform to the bottom using anchors, the container and the floating platform being made to minimize the background illumination of the receiving channels and sounding zones and the part of the floating platform immersed in water is permeable to water currents; in addition, the complex contains an autonomous immersion module with sensors for monitoring hydrological and zico-chemical parameters of water quality, with the possibility of fixing the submersible module to the bottom, the complex also includes a remote integrated system for collecting and processing data on the status of surface waters for the lidar and the submersible module. 2. The environmental monitoring complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the multiwave repetitively pulsed laser emitter is a compact repetitively pulsed Nd: YAG laser that generates probing radiation pulses at a wavelength of one of the higher order harmonics: 266 or 354 or 532 nm and at a wavelength of 1064 nm of the main harmonic, and the registration system of the optical radiation is made in the form of a multi-channel spectrometer, each receiving channel of which is a bright meter, which includes a receiving telescope that determines the angle of view I reception channel, and a photodetector based on a photomultiplier coupled to the controller, in addition, an interference color filter equipped with correcting the color filters and the spectral reception range of OI, and the luminance meter are preferably arranged around the axis of the laser emitter. 3. The environmental monitoring complex according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the registration system of the OI is located at a distance from the water surface, preferably not exceeding 1.5 m. 4. The environmental monitoring complex according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the floating platform and the submersible module are connected to the remote power source using two standard cable cables, inside of which are sealed wires, at least for powering the lidar and submersible module. 5. The environmental monitoring complex according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is preferably made in vandal-proof design. 6. The environmental monitoring complex according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a mini-power plant, preferably a solar-battery and / or wind.

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