CN1084897A - 用于轻金属的过滤器 - Google Patents

用于轻金属的过滤器 Download PDF

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CN1084897A
CN1084897A CN92112047A CN92112047A CN1084897A CN 1084897 A CN1084897 A CN 1084897A CN 92112047 A CN92112047 A CN 92112047A CN 92112047 A CN92112047 A CN 92112047A CN 1084897 A CN1084897 A CN 1084897A
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strainer
weight
glass
subphosphate
silicon
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W·P·凯特里茨
R·施特策尔
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Foseco International Ltd
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Foseco International Ltd
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Priority to GB919107223A priority Critical patent/GB9107223D0/en
Priority to IN149MA1992 priority patent/IN183024B/en
Priority to AT92302203T priority patent/ATE122914T1/de
Priority to ES92302203T priority patent/ES2072704T3/es
Priority to DE69202615T priority patent/DE69202615T2/de
Priority to EP92302203A priority patent/EP0507463B1/en
Priority to US07/859,855 priority patent/US5169542A/en
Priority to CA002064617A priority patent/CA2064617A1/en
Priority to MX9201516A priority patent/MX9201516A/es
Priority to KR1019920005514A priority patent/KR920019453A/ko
Priority to BR929201200A priority patent/BR9201200A/pt
Application filed by Foseco International Ltd filed Critical Foseco International Ltd
Priority to CN92112047A priority patent/CN1084897A/zh
Publication of CN1084897A publication Critical patent/CN1084897A/zh
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Abstract

含有一种网状泡沫材料的用于过滤熔融轻金属 的过滤器,其组成包含石墨、硅灰石、二氧化硅和一种 碱式磷酸盐玻璃。该过滤器具有低硬度,因此可以容 易地从大块的过滤器材料上精确地机加工出来。在 一个较佳实施例中,首先在该大块的过滤器的外表面 上涂覆一种含有石墨和粘结剂的组合物,然后再将其 煅烧并在最后进行机加工。

Description

本发明涉及用于过滤轻金属的过滤器,此处的术语轻金属应理解为铝、镁,这两种金属的合金以及由这两种金属中的任一种或两种与其他金属形成的,其中铝和/或镁占主要成分的合金。更具体地讲,本发明涉及在铝或铝合金硬型铸件之压模中采用的小尺寸滤器。
使用开孔陶瓷泡沫过滤熔融轻金属是众所周知的。这种陶瓷泡沫过滤器的常规制造方法如下,用一种含有能够形成过滤器的物质的含水浆液和粘结剂浸泡有机泡沫材料(通常为聚亚胺酯泡沫),除去多余的浆液,干燥除水,然后煅烧这个已干燥的经过浸泡的泡沫材料,借以烧掉有机泡沫,就形成了陶瓷泡沫。
使用以上制造方法可以生产出所需形状和尺寸的各种过滤器,或者,生产大块的陶瓷泡沫,然后再将其切割或机加工成单个的过滤器。这两种制造方法都有一些缺点。
当直接使用一种其尺寸与所需过滤器相似的有机泡沫生产具有给定尺寸的单个过滤器时,其尺寸要发生变化,这样在使用时就会发生问题,特别是在借助重力来模铸铝或铝合金的情况下更是如此,在这种工艺中,过滤器需插入铸模的一个凹槽中,这样,尺寸过大的过滤器就无法使用,因为它们插不进该凹槽中。因此,为了抵消这种尺寸上的变化,通常的做法是故意将该过滤器做得比该凹槽的尺寸略小一些。其结果是使得在过滤器的边缘与凹槽的槽壁之间留下一些小缝隙,并且又由于金属能穿透过这些缝隙而从该过滤器的旁边通过,因此导致过滤效率降低。如果过滤器的质地疏松,那么在关合铸模时就可能将其压碎,这样就会导致来自过滤器的陶瓷材料碎片通过该过滤器并落入该铸模的铸件腔中,因此引起在铸件中生成夹杂物。
当用大块的陶瓷泡沫以切割或机械加工的方法来制造单个的过滤器时,其制造成本高而且生产效率低,这是由于迄今为止用于生产过滤器的材料性质所决定的。如果所用的泡沫材料是易碎的,那末在对这种材料进行切割或机加工时就容易产生泡沫材料的碎片。
现已发现,如果泡沫材料具有某种特定的组成,那末用这种大块的泡沫材料来生产单个的泡沫过滤器就可以克服上述问题。
本发明提供了一种用于过滤熔融轻金属的过滤器,该过滤器包含一种网状的泡沫材料,该泡沫材料的组成包含石墨、硅灰石、二氧化硅和碱式磷酸盐玻璃。
这种网状泡沫材料过滤器最好含有20-80%(重量)石墨、1-10%(重量)硅灰石、1-20%(重量)二氧化硅以及1-10%(重量)的一种熔点为350-500℃的碱式磷酸盐玻璃。用于生产这种过滤器的二氧化硅应该是一种粒度非常小的二氧化硅,例如烟尘状二氧化硅或胶体状二氧化硅。
本发明的过滤器的制造方法如下,用一种含有石墨、硅灰石、二氧化硅、碱式磷酸盐玻璃以及粘结剂的含水浆液来浸泡一块网状有机泡沫材料(例如聚亚胺酯泡沫),除去多余的浆液(例如挤压该浸泡过的有机泡沫),干燥并煅烧该浸泡过的有机泡沫,然后将生成的无机泡沫制件切割或机加工成具有所需形状和尺寸的小块制件。
所说的碱式磷酸盐玻璃的熔点较好是低于750℃,更好是在350℃至500℃之间。
该碱式磷酸盐玻璃可以是,例如,焦磷酸二钠(熔点650℃)或一种多磷酸钠,例如格雷姆盐(NaPO3x,它有时也被称为六偏磷酸钠,其熔点为638℃。一种以商品名Calgon出售的格雷姆盐为1∶1的Na2O∶P2O5,聚合度为15-20。而聚合度为6-8和12-14的其他形式的制品也有市售。一些同时含有氧化钠和氧化钾二者并且还含有小比例氧化硼的碱式磷酸盐玻璃也可以使用,而其中特别理想的是一种含有55-65%(重量)P2O5、12-23%(重量)Na2O、6.0-8.5%(重量)K2O和2.0-3.5%(重量)B2O3,其熔点约为400℃的玻璃。
适用于制造这种过滤器的粘结剂包括:正磷酸一铝、硅酸钠、硅溶胶、磷硅酸盐以及一种象高铝水泥那样的水泥。其中正磷酸一铝是较佳的,而其适用量为5%-30%(重量)。
用于制造过滤器的浆液还可含有一些添加剂以改善改浆液在浸泡有机泡沫时的使用性能。这类添加剂的例子有流变剂(例如有机增稠剂或二氧化钛)、润湿剂和防沫剂。
在实际使用时,所说流变剂、润湿剂或防沫剂的用量通常约为0.1-2.0%(重量)。
在煅烧已浸泡过的有机泡沫时,如果没有特殊的预防措施,最好不让煅烧温度超过800℃,否则石墨将会发生过度的氧化。煅烧温度通常在600℃-800℃之间。
硅灰石的存在可使过滤器的韧性和强度大于不含硅灰石的相似石墨基过滤器的韧性和强度。另外,当过滤器用磷酸盐粘结剂来粘结时,硅灰石将能克服那些以石墨为基料以磷酸盐作粘结剂的过滤器从大气中吸收水分的倾向。
为了减缓过滤器边缘碎裂的倾向,以及提高过滤器材料的强度以改善其加工性能,在本发明的一个较佳实施方案中,用一种含有石墨与粘结剂的组合物涂覆于大块过滤器的外表面上。即在这些过滤器干燥之后,涂覆一种含有石墨和粘结剂(如正磷酸一铝)的含水组合物,例如在干燥的过滤器上喷涂该组合物,然后将过滤器加热以使该涂层干燥,最后加以煅烧。然后将此煅烧过的大块过滤器加工成具有所需尺寸的小块过滤器。
与陶瓷泡沫过滤器相比,本发明的过滤器的密度较低。其真实密度在2.0-2.3g/cm3之间而其表观密度在1.5-1.85g/cm3之间。
该过滤器硬度很低,其数值约为0-1莫氏硬度,因为低硬度的过滤材料工件在机加工或切割时不会损害机加工和切削刀具,并因此可以容易地生产出具有精确尺寸的过滤器。
由于可以精确地控制过滤器的尺寸,该过滤器就能插入铸模的凹槽中而不会在关合铸模时被压碎,同时由于该过滤器精确地配合于该凹槽中,故熔融金属也不能从过滤器的旁边通过,因此对金属的过滤是很有效的。
该过滤器可以安装在铸模内浇口接近铸件的位置,因为这样可使得在将该内浇口从该铸件上切掉时,切削刀具与过滤器之间的接触不会对该刀具引起过多的磨损。
在生产轮式的铸件时,可以将一个过滤器安装在浇道套内,这样就可以象用于轮式铸件生产的常规操作那样将废渣从该铸件上钻掉。而当使用陶瓷泡沫过滤器时,就必须首先切掉含有过滤器的废渣的第一部分,然后再钻掉剩下的那部分废渣。
铸造厂可以回收那些含有过滤器的内浇口、废渣等物质而不会污染重熔时的金属,因为过滤器的任何碎片或颗粒这时将浮到熔融金属表面上并因此很容易除去。因此这种过滤器特别适合于大体积的汽车铸件生产,迄今为止,由于在这种生产中无法回收含有过滤器材料的铸造金属,因此至今尚未能将过滤器的应用推广。
下面的实施例将用来解释本发明:
实施例1
使用具有下列组成(按重量计)的含水浆液来生产网状泡沫过滤器:
石墨  26.1%
硅灰石  3.3%
烟尘状二氧化硅  7.8%
专用的碱式磷酸盐玻璃(50%W/W溶液)  8.2%
二氧化钛  0.2%
正磷酸一铝(50%W/W溶液)  52.2%
润湿剂  1.1%
防沫剂  1.1%
该碱式磷酸盐同时和含有氧化钠和氧化钾二者,并且还含有氧化硼,以及其熔点为400℃。
用该浆液来浸泡大块的网状聚亚胺酯泡沫,挤压该泡沫以除去多余的浆液,然后将该泡沫在80℃下干燥1小时,再在150℃下干燥30分钟,最后在700℃下煅烧1小时。
然后将所获的大块过滤材料切割成单个的过滤器,并将此过滤器用来过滤熔融的铝。
把大约1000个用过的过滤器和需回收的铝装入一个废渣连续熔炉中,加热至750℃使铝重熔。在重熔操作中不使用助熔剂。过滤器物质浮到熔融铝的表面上,并随着在表面上形成的熔渣一起被除去。在后来将这些经熔化的金属用于生产下一批铸件时,没有证据表明该金属被污染。所有生产出的铸件都是高质量的,它们不含任何由过滤器材料颗粒形成的夹杂物。
实施例2
把具有与实施例1的过滤器相同的组成,并用实施例1所述的方法生产的大约1000个用过的过滤器随同需回收的铝一起装入一个5吨矿物燃料熔炉中,然后将铝熔化。使用常规的熔融和除渣助剂,过滤器材料浮到熔融铝的表面上并随同浮渣一起被撇掉。没有任何一个用重熔铝生产的铸件由于过滤器材料引起的夹杂而报废。
实施例3
在一个用于生产轮子铸件的低压模铸器的浇道套上机加工出一道凹槽,以便在其中插入一个组成与实施例1的过滤器相同并用实施例1所述方法制成的,直径为40mm的过滤器。以一种铝-硅低共熔合金在720℃下进行浇铸,生产出一批重约7.5Kg的轮子,生产每一个轮子使用一个过滤器。把含有过滤器材料的废渣从轮子上钻下来并将其收集以用于重熔。生产出一批高质量的铸造轮子,并且没有发现钻头的磨损增加。然后将废渣重熔,包含在废渣中的过滤器颗粒随同浮渣一起被从金属表面上除去。
实施例4
采用铝-7%硅钠改性合金使之通过位于内浇口处的50mm×100mm滤器进入砂模进行浇铸,由此生产出两个总重约6Kg的歧管铸件。该过滤器具有与实施例1的过滤器相同的组成并用相同的方法制得。获得了高质量的铸件。将用过的过滤器随同需回收的金属以及其他同样的方法使用过的过滤器一起装入一个重熔炉中,在重熔需回收的金属时,过滤器材料就浮到表面上,因此可以随同浮渣一起被撇去。
实施例5
使用实施例1的含水浆液组合物和操作步骤生产出大块的网状泡沫过滤器。在该工件干燥后,将其置于一个转盘上使其旋转,并用一种含有下列成份(重量)的涂覆组合物喷涂:
石墨  22.5%
烟尘状二氧化硅  9.5%
润湿剂  0.5%
正磷酸一铝(50%W/W溶液)  54.1%
水  13.4%
将该涂覆过的工件在120℃下干燥30分钟,然后将此工件翻转过来再重复涂覆,借以涂覆在第一次涂覆操作中处于背面的部分。再将其在120℃下干燥30分钟,然后将此工件在700℃下煅烧1小时,最后将其切割成单个的过滤器。

Claims (10)

1、一种包括网状泡沫材料的用于过滤熔融轻金属的过滤器,其特征在于,该网状泡沫材料是用一种含有石墨、硅灰石、二氧化硅以及一种碱式磷酸盐玻璃的组合物制成的。
2、如权利要求1的过滤器,其特征在于,其中的网状泡沫材料含有20-80%(重量)石墨、1-10%(重量)硅灰石、1-20%(重量)二氧化硅以及1-10%(重量)碱式磷酸盐玻璃。
3、如权利要求1或2的过滤器,其特征在于,其中的碱式磷酸盐玻璃的熔点低于750℃。
4、如权利要求3的过滤器,其特征在于,其中的碱式磷酸盐玻璃的熔点为350℃-500℃。
5、如权利要求1至4中的任一项所述过滤器,其特征在于,其中的碱式磷酸盐玻璃是焦磷酸二钠和多磷酸钠。
6、如权利要求1至4中的任一项所述过滤器,其特征在于,其中的碱式磷酸盐玻璃同时含有氧化钠和氧化钾二者,并且还含有小比例的氧化硼。
7、如权利要求6的过滤器,其特征在于,其中的碱式磷酸盐玻璃含有55-65%(重量)P2O5、19-23%(重量)Na2O、6.0-8.5%(重量)K2O以及2.0-3.5%(重量)B2O3
8、如权利要求1至7中的任一项所述过滤器,其特征在于,其中用于生产网状泡沫材料的二氧化硅是烟尘状二氧化硅或胶体状二氧化硅。
9、如权利要求1至8中的任一项所述过滤器,其特征在于,其中的网状泡沫材料含有从正磷酸一铝、硅酸钠、硅溶胶、磷硅酸盐和水泥中选择出的一种粘结剂。
10、如权利要求1至9中的任一项所述过滤器,其特征在于,其中的过滤器的外表面涂覆有一种含石墨和粘结剂的组合物。
CN92112047A 1991-04-05 1992-09-30 用于轻金属的过滤器 Pending CN1084897A (zh)

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GB919107223A GB9107223D0 (en) 1991-04-05 1991-04-05 Filters for light metals
IN149MA1992 IN183024B (zh) 1991-04-05 1992-03-12
ES92302203T ES2072704T3 (es) 1991-04-05 1992-03-13 Filtros para metales ligeros.
DE69202615T DE69202615T2 (de) 1991-04-05 1992-03-13 Filter zur Filtration von Leichtmetallen.
EP92302203A EP0507463B1 (en) 1991-04-05 1992-03-13 Filters for light metals
AT92302203T ATE122914T1 (de) 1991-04-05 1992-03-13 Filter zur filtration von leichtmetallen.
US07/859,855 US5169542A (en) 1991-04-05 1992-03-30 Filters for light metals
CA002064617A CA2064617A1 (en) 1991-04-05 1992-04-01 Filters for light metals
MX9201516A MX9201516A (es) 1991-04-05 1992-04-02 Filtros para metales ligeros.
KR1019920005514A KR920019453A (ko) 1991-04-05 1992-04-02 경금속용 휠터
BR929201200A BR9201200A (pt) 1991-04-05 1992-04-03 Filtro para a filtracao de metais leves em fusao
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CN104995616A (zh) * 2013-03-14 2015-10-21 英特尔公司 基于云的虚拟移动设备
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CN101264401B (zh) * 2007-03-14 2013-04-03 济南圣泉倍进陶瓷过滤器有限公司 用硅胶粘合剂粘合的含有碳质材料的陶瓷过滤器及其制造方法
CN104995616A (zh) * 2013-03-14 2015-10-21 英特尔公司 基于云的虚拟移动设备
CN104995616B (zh) * 2013-03-14 2018-08-14 英特尔公司 基于云的虚拟移动设备
CN108455697A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2018-08-28 上海明钰粉体材料有限公司 一种工业污水处理剂及其制备方法

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US5169542A (en) 1992-12-08
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CA2064617A1 (en) 1992-10-06
EP0507463A3 (en) 1993-03-17
IN183024B (zh) 1999-08-21
KR920019453A (ko) 1992-11-19
BR9201200A (pt) 1992-12-01
DE69202615T2 (de) 1995-10-05
MX9201516A (es) 1992-10-01
GB9107223D0 (en) 1991-05-22
ATE122914T1 (de) 1995-06-15
ES2072704T3 (es) 1995-07-16

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