CN108480631A - A method of for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress - Google Patents
A method of for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN108480631A CN108480631A CN201810292703.4A CN201810292703A CN108480631A CN 108480631 A CN108480631 A CN 108480631A CN 201810292703 A CN201810292703 A CN 201810292703A CN 108480631 A CN108480631 A CN 108480631A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- protective film
- lamination
- compressive stress
- residual compressive
- laser gain
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method of increasing material manufacturing component, more particularly to a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress.The present invention includes：Powder body material is agglomerated into the multi-disc lamination successively stacked from bottom to up successively in the plate face of substrate, in the process, after every one or more pieces laminations of formation, carries out step S10~S30, step S10：Lighttight protective film is pasted on the surface of lamination, is coated with liquid on the surface of the protective film to form fluid film on protective film；Step S20：Protective film is shot so that generating compression in increasing material manufacturing component using pulse laser beam；Step S30：Remove protective film.Using surge waveform caused by the technology at pressure peak be more than that the yield strengths of laminate stacks to generate plastic deformation and residual compressive stress inside laminate stacks, whole tensile stresses can be offset, crack Propagation is effectively reduced, to improve the fatigue behaviour of increasing material manufacturing component.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to a kind of method of increasing material manufacturing component, more particularly to a kind of for improving laser gain material manufacture component
The method of residual compressive stress.
Background technology
Increasing material manufacturing (Additive Manufacturing, AM) is commonly called as 3D printing, be merged CAD,
Material is processed with forming technique, based on digital model file, by software and digital control system by dedicated metal material, non-
Metal material and biomaterial for medical purpose are successively accumulated according to modes such as extruding, sintering, melting, photocuring, injections, are produced
The manufacturing technology of physical item.It is a kind of relative to cooked mode difference traditional, to raw material removal-cutting, assembling
" from bottom to top " by the manufacturing method of material addition, from scratch.This made the past be constrained by conventionally manufactured mode, and
The complex structural member manufacture that cannot achieve becomes possible to.
During increasing material manufacturing, since the heat input of superposition causes component inside and surface to generate serious tensile stress,
And then the service life of component is reduced, it is all it is necessary to take measures to control the residual tension of increasing material manufacturing component
System.It is currently used that there are three types of methods：
1, before increasing material manufacturing, machine table is preheated.For such method, since machine table preheating temperature is less than once
The temperature that heat input component partial rises, and component is layering in the fabrication process, is gradually distance from machine table, adds after component
The uneven heating of the part that work goes out and the part of preceding processing is even, although the tensile stress in component is reduced, but can not be complete
It eliminates.
2, during increasing material manufacturing, change laser gain material technique, such as change and increase material path, change the methods of heat input.It is right
In such method, although the tensile stress in component can be improved, after all in the fabrication process to the superposition of material each time still
It needs to carry out a heat input to material, the tensile stress in component can not be completely eliminated.
3, after increasing material manufacturing, component is heat-treated.For such method, can reduce in component under certain condition
70% residual tension, but can not also completely eliminate the tensile stress in component.
Above-mentioned three kinds of methods can control the tensile stress on increasing material manufacturing component inside and surface, but not fully eliminate component
Interior tensile stress, and can not be to material surface and internal generation compression.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the tensile stress how eliminated in increasing material manufacturing component, and in increasing material manufacturing
Component surface and internal generation compression.
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a kind of for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress
Method comprising：
Powder body material is agglomerated into the multi-disc lamination successively stacked from bottom to up successively in the plate face of substrate,
In the process, after every one or more pieces laminations of formation, step S10~S30 is carried out,
Step S10：Lighttight protective film is pasted on the surface of lamination, then lamination is disposed vertically, in protective film
Liquid is coated on surface to form fluid film on protective film；
Step S20：Protective film is shot using pulse laser beam so that generating compression in increasing material manufacturing component, pulse swashs
The parameter area of light beam：Laser energy is 3~15J, and wavelength 1064nm, pulsewidth is 8~12ns, and pulse laser beam is in protective film
A diameter of 2~5mm of the hot spot of upper formation；
Step S30：Protective film is removed, then carries out the increasing material manufacturing of next lamination.
In step slo, it is in the step of surface coating liquid body of protective film：
After substrate is placed vertically, spray is carried out so that forming fluid film on protective film to protective film.
The fluid film is deionization moisture film.
The thickness of the liquid film is 1.5~2.5mm.
The protective film is black tape.
The laser energy of the single outgoing of pulse laser beam is 5~10J, wavelength 1064nm, pulsewidth 10ns, and pulse swashs
The a diameter of 3mm for the hot spot that light beam is formed on protective film.
Two-wheeled bombardment is carried out to the surface whole face of protective film using pulse laser beam.
The powder body material is TC17 titanium alloy powders or TA15 titanium alloy powders.
When making monolithic lamination, first powder body material is equably laid on substrate or the last lamination produced with shape
At powder body material layer,
Laser beam is used to be irradiated so that powder body material strata is become lamination powder body material layer.
After every a piece of lamination of formation, before bonding protective film, polish lamination to remove the oxide layer on lamination.
The present invention has the advantage that and advantageous effect, and the present invention bombards protective film, pulse laser beam using pulse laser beam
Beam generates plasma explosion on the surface of the protective film through fluid film.Again since the plasma explodes by fluid film about
Beam prevents explosion energy to external diffusion, and the pressure of the shock wave of protection film surface generation increases, and shock wave is transmitted to folded by protective film
Piece lamination, surge waveform at pressure peak be more than that the yield strengths of laminate stacks to generate plastic deformation inside laminate stacks
And residual compressive stress, and then the increasing material manufacturing component for making laminate stacks be ultimately formed is interior with compression.It generates every time most
Huge pressing stress can reach 1~2 millimeter of depth, can offset whole tensile stresses, effectively reduce crack Propagation, to
Improve the fatigue behaviour of increasing material manufacturing component.In addition, in the process, since pulse laser beam cannot penetrate protective film, pulse
Laser beam just cannot be mapped on lamination, be burnt so as to be effectively prevented lamination.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and refering to the accompanying drawings.Wherein：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the making lamination in a kind of embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that laser peening processing is carried out to increasing material manufacturing component in a kind of embodiment of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawings, identical component uses identical reference numeral.Attached drawing is not drawn according to actual ratio.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, the equipment for increasing material manufacturing includes mechanical arm 1, fixture 2, substrate 3, dust feeder 6, air inlet
Device 7, opaque protective film 9, woven hose 10, first laser device (not shown) and second laser (not shown).
Fixture 2 is arranged on mechanical arm 1, for substrate 3 to be fixed on mechanical arm 1.Fixture 2 can be by substrate
3 and mechanical arm 1 be connected with each other bolt.Mechanical arm 1 can mutually cut substrate 3 in state that is horizontally disposed and arranging vertically
It changes.Dust feeder 6 on substrate 3 for being laid with powder body material.Inlet duct 7 is used to be laid with powder body material in dust feeder 6
Input protective gas simultaneously.Protective gas is preferably inert gas, more preferably argon gas.First laser device is arranged in substrate 3
Top.First laser device emits laser beam 5 vertically downward, for being sintered, melting powder body material.Second laser is arranged in substrate
3 side.Second laser is towards 3 direction horizontal emission pulse laser beam 8 of substrate.Powder body material is metal powder, preferably
Titanium alloy powder.It is highly preferred that powder body material is TC17 titanium alloy powders or TA15 titanium alloy powders.
A kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress includes the following steps：
Powder body material is agglomerated into the multi-disc lamination successively stacked from bottom to up successively in the plate face of substrate 3.
When making first lamination, mechanical arm 1 is horizontally disposed by substrate 3.Dust feeder 6 is laid on substrate 3
One layer of powder body material.Inlet duct 7 is filled with protective gas into equipment.First laser device sends out downwards the irradiation of laser beam 5 first
Layer powder body material.First layer powder body material is sintered under the irradiation of laser beam 5, melts and coalesce together, and forms first and folds
Piece.In the process, protective gas is for preventing lamination excessive oxidation.
When manufacturing second lamination, mechanical arm 1 is horizontally disposed by substrate 3.Dust feeder 6 is to first lamination upper berth
If second layer powder body material.Inlet duct 7 is filled with protective gas into equipment.First laser device sends out downwards the irradiation of laser beam 5
Second layer powder body material.Second layer powder body material is sintered under the irradiation of laser beam 5, melts and coalesce together, and forms second
Piece lamination.
Similarly, when manufacturing N piece laminations, mechanical arm 1 is horizontally disposed by substrate 3.Dust feeder 6 is folded to N-1 pieces
On piece is laid with n-th layer powder body material.Inlet duct 7 is filled with protective gas into equipment.First laser device sends out downwards laser beam 5
Irradiate n-th layer powder body material.N-th layer powder body material is sintered under the irradiation of laser beam 5, melts and coalesce together, and forms N
Piece lamination.
After every one or more pieces laminations of formation, step S10~S30 is carried out,
Step S10：Lighttight protective film 9 is pasted on the surface of lamination, and woven hose 10 is used on the surface of protective film
On on protective film painting liquid shape at fluid film；
Protective film is lighttight protective film, preferably black tape.Rapidly black tape can be pasted using black tape
On lamination.In the present embodiment, after protective film being pasted on lamination, mechanical arm 1 arranges substrate 3 vertically.Using infusion
The surface of the outlet alignment protective film of pipe 10 is sprayed so that liquid forms fluid film.The thickness of fluid film be 1.5~
2.5mm, preferably 2mm.The fluid film is preferably deionized water film.
Step S20：Protective film is bombarded using 8 beam of pulse laser beam so that generating compression in increasing material manufacturing component 4；
Second laser bombards protective film to 3 direction emission level pulse laser beam 8 of substrate, and 8 beam of pulse laser beam penetrates
Fluid film generates plasma explosion on the surface of the protective film.It is constrained, prevents by fluid film since the plasma explodes again
Explosion energy increases to the pressure for the shock wave that external diffusion, protection film surface generate, and shock wave is transmitted to laminate stacks by protective film,
Surge waveform at pressure peak be more than that the yield strengths of laminate stacks to generate inside laminate stacks plastic deformation and remaining
Compression, and then the increasing material manufacturing component 4 for making laminate stacks be ultimately formed is interior with compression.The maximum pressure generated every time is answered
Power can reach several millimeters of depth, can offset whole tensile stresses, crack Propagation effectively be reduced, to improve increasing material
Manufacture the fatigue behaviour of component 4.In addition, in the process, since pulse laser beam 8 cannot penetrate protective film, pulse laser beam 8
Just it cannot be mapped on lamination, be burnt so as to be effectively prevented lamination.Preferably, the single outgoing of pulse laser beam 8 is sharp
Light energy is 5~10J, wavelength 1064nm, pulsewidth 10ns, the diameter for the hot spot that pulse laser beam 8 is formed on protective film
For 3mm.It is highly preferred that carrying out two-wheeled bombardment to the surface whole face of protective film using pulse laser beam 8.In this way, TC17 titanium alloys
The residual compressive stress on manufactured 4 surface of increasing material manufacturing component can reach -382MPa, and the increasing material manufacturing structure made without the step
The residual compressive stress of part 4 is -80MPa.
Preferably, the diameter for the hot spot that pulse laser beam 8 is formed on protective film is less than 3mm.It in this way can be in component
Tensile stress carry out more accurately maintenance.
Preferably, the material of substrate 3 is consistent with powder body material.In this way, can be tied between the first lamination and substrate 3 that generate
It closes more secured, while being also avoided that substrate 3 pollutes the increasing material manufacturing component 4 finally produced.
Preferably, it after every a piece of lamination of formation, before bonding protective film, polishes lamination to remove the oxygen on lamination
Change layer.After polishing lamination, can be transmitted when such protective film is impacted in conjunction with closer between protective film and lamination
On more energy to lamination, so that residual compressive stress bigger.Simultaneously as the oxide layer on lamination is got rid of, fold
Combination between piece is closer, the structural strength bigger of the component thus produced eventually.
Manual method or a kind of system for the treatment of absorption protective film may be used in removal and the mode of bonding protective film
(structure refers to ZL201410668919.8) removes and bonding protective film.
It before carrying out first lamination and making, first adopts and 3 surface of substrate is polishing to minute surface, then use alcohol by substrate
3 wiped cleans.In this way, produced increasing material manufacturing component be combined with each other more secured with substrate, while being also avoided that impurity
Pollute increasing material manufacturing component.
Although by reference to preferred embodiment, invention has been described, the case where not departing from the scope of the present invention
Under, various improvement can be carried out to it and can replace component therein with equivalent.Especially, as long as there is no structures to rush
Prominent, items technical characteristic mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way.The invention is not limited in texts
Disclosed in specific embodiment, but include all technical solutions fallen within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress, feature include：
Powder body material is agglomerated into the multi-disc lamination successively stacked from bottom to up successively in the plate face of substrate,
In the process, after every one or more pieces laminations of formation, step S10~S30 is carried out,
Step S10：Lighttight protective film is pasted on the surface of lamination, then lamination is disposed vertically, on the surface of protective film
Upper coating liquid on protective film to form fluid film；
Step S20：Protective film is shot so that generating compression, pulse laser beam in increasing material manufacturing component using pulse laser beam
Parameter area：Laser energy is 3~15J, and wavelength 1064nm, pulsewidth is 8~12ns, pulse laser beam shape on protective film
At hot spot a diameter of 2~5mm；
Step S30：Protective film is removed, then carries out the increasing material manufacturing of next lamination.
2. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step slo, is in the step of surface coating liquid body of protective film：
After substrate is placed vertically, spray is carried out so that forming fluid film on protective film to protective film.
3. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is that the fluid film is deionization moisture film.
4. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is that the thickness of the liquid film is 1.5~2.5mm.
5. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is that the protective film is black tape.
6. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is that the laser energy of the single outgoing of pulse laser beam is 5~10J, wavelength 1064nm, pulsewidth 10ns, and pulse swashs
The a diameter of 3mm for the hot spot that light beam is formed on protective film.
7. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 6, feature
It is, two-wheeled bombardment is carried out to the surface whole face of protective film using pulse laser beam.
8. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is that the powder body material is TC17 titanium alloy powders or TA15 titanium alloy powders.
9. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 1 or 2, special
Sign is, when making monolithic lamination, is first equably laid in powder body material on substrate or the last lamination produced with shape
At powder body material layer,
Laser beam is used to be irradiated so that powder body material strata is become lamination powder body material layer.
10. a kind of method for improving laser gain material manufacture component residual compressive stress according to claim 9, feature
It is, after every a piece of lamination of formation, before bonding protective film, polishes lamination to remove the oxide layer on lamination.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109967896A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-05 | 上海理工大学 | The hyperfine cutter device of short-pulse laser induced ultrasonic water flow plasma and method |
| CN110560887A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2019-12-13 | 山东大学 | method for laser shock forming laminated composite material and application thereof |
| WO2020220242A1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-11-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Laminated iron core and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN113414407A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-09-21 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Additive manufacturing method of nickel-based alloy and nickel-based alloy part |
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Application publication date: 20180904 |