CN109759588B - Rapid additive manufacturing method for large-scale bimetal part - Google Patents
Rapid additive manufacturing method for large-scale bimetal part Download PDFInfo
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- CN109759588B CN109759588B CN201910163795.0A CN201910163795A CN109759588B CN 109759588 B CN109759588 B CN 109759588B CN 201910163795 A CN201910163795 A CN 201910163795A CN 109759588 B CN109759588 B CN 109759588B
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Abstract
The invention provides a rapid additive manufacturing method of a large-scale bimetal part, which mainly comprises the following steps: the selective laser melting forming technology and the plasma arc additive manufacturing technology are used for printing the outermost layer and the inner structure of the part respectively, after the selective laser melting forming technology and the plasma arc additive manufacturing technology print the outermost layer structure in the current cycle, a built-in powder absorber is used for absorbing metal powder within the outline of the outermost layer, then plasma arc additive manufacturing is used for printing and filling the inner structure, and the continuous circulation is carried out until the part printing is completed. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the capability of printing large parts with complex shapes at a higher speed is realized; (2) the capability of printing large parts with high requirements on surface precision at high speed is realized; (3) with the ability to print multi-material parts with outermost layers of different material than the interior.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel metal part preparation method, in particular to a large part rapid additive manufacturing method combining a plasma arc additive manufacturing process and a selective laser melting forming process, and belongs to the field of metal materials.
Background
The selective laser melting forming technology is a high-precision metal additive manufacturing method, a printed sample has a smooth surface and a fine structure, but the printing speed is slow, large parts are difficult to print efficiently, and parts made of multiple materials are difficult to print.
The plasma arc additive manufacturing technology is an efficient metal additive manufacturing method, but the printing precision is lower than that of a selective laser melting forming technology, and the plasma arc additive manufacturing technology is suitable for printing finished products or blank parts with larger size and lower precision requirement.
Chinese patent CN201611115889.3 proposes a method for forming functionally graded material by powder metallurgy based on selective laser melting, but this method does not introduce a technology that can increase the printing speed, so the printing speed is slower. Similarly, the Chinese patent CN201510747275.6,
CN201410532792.7, Chinese patent application CN201810292599.9,
CN201810541184.0, several methods for printing gradient materials based on selective laser melting molding are also proposed, but none of them introduces a technology that can increase the printing speed, so the printing speed is also slow, and it is not suitable for printing parts with larger size.
Chinese patents CN201720730439.9, cn201610458932.x, CN201610458934.9 and chinese patent applications CN201610994357.5, CN201811279445.2 all propose wire feeding additive manufacturing methods based on plasma arc heat source, but these methods all propose effective measures for obtaining high precision geometry by direct printing, and therefore are not suitable for parts with higher requirement on printing precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large part additive manufacturing method combining a plasma arc additive process and a selective laser melting forming process, aiming at the defects of the background technology. The method has the capability of rapidly printing large complex parts and simultaneously has the capability of printing multi-material parts with outermost layers and internal materials different. The specific scheme is as follows:
a rapid additive manufacturing method for large-scale bimetal parts comprises the following steps:
s1, in a sealed chamber, printing the bottom surface and the side wall of the outline of the bottom of the metal part on a metal substrate by using a selective laser melting forming process;
s2, sucking away the metal powder inside the outer contour;
s3, filling the inner space of the outer contour by using a plasma arc additive process, wherein the filled inner material is lower than the top surface of the outer contour;
s4, opening a powder spreader of the selective laser melting forming equipment to spread powder until the concave part in the outer contour is completely filled;
s5, printing the rest part of the outer contour of the metal part for multiple times on the basis of the outer contour of the bottom by using a selective laser melting forming process, and sequentially executing the steps S2-S4 after each printing is finished until the outer contour of the metal part is completely printed and the inside of the metal part is completely filled;
s6, placing the metal substrate and the metal parts into a heat treatment furnace for stress relief heat treatment;
and S7, cutting the metal part from the metal substrate by using the wire cutting process part.
Further, in step S2, the height difference between the filled inner material and the printed outer contour is 3-9 mm.
Further, when the position closest to the outer contour of the metal part is filled by using a plasma arc additive technology, the wire feeding is started after the ion arc burns for 1-3 seconds.
Furthermore, the selective laser melting forming process and the plasma arc additive manufacturing process adopt metal materials with the same or different types.
Further, the method further comprises:
when the cross section area of the printed part of the metal part is less than 300 square millimeters, the printing forming is carried out only by using the selective laser melting forming process, and the plasma arc printing is not used.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the capability of printing large parts with complex shapes at a higher speed is realized;
(2) the capability of printing large parts with high requirements on surface precision at high speed is realized;
(3) with the ability to print multi-material parts with outermost layers of different material than the interior.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the present invention proceeding to step S3;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a part manufactured by the present invention in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.
The invention provides a large part additive manufacturing method combining a plasma arc additive manufacturing process and a selective laser melting forming process. Referring to fig. 1, a working table 5 is included in a sealed working chamber 1, a stainless steel metal substrate 6 is fixed on a table top at the top of the working table, a laser output device 11, a plasma arc welding gun 3 and a powder suction device 9 are arranged in the working chamber 1 and above the working table 5, the laser output device 11, the plasma arc welding gun 3 and the powder suction device 9 are respectively installed on a multi-axis moving device, and the multi-axis moving device drives the laser output device 11, the plasma arc welding gun 3 and the powder suction device 9 to move in multiple axial directions respectively. Wherein the laser beam 2 emitted by the laser output device 11 is irradiated on the printed part on the worktable 5. The plasma arc welding gun 3 is provided with a wire feeding mechanism 8, and the tail end of a metal wire 7 output by the wire feeding mechanism 8 is positioned at the welding tip of the plasma arc welding gun 3. Optionally, the laser output device 11, the plasma arc welding torch 3, the powder absorber 9 and the multi-axis moving device are all connected with the PLC controller. The multi-axis moving device is a three-axis moving device which can move transversely, longitudinally and vertically.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and S1, printing the bottom surface and the side wall of the bottom outline of the metal part on a stainless steel metal substrate by using a Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process in a sealed chamber, wherein the thickness of the bottom surface and the side wall of the printed outline is controlled to be 0.5-5 mm, and the height of the printed outline is controlled to be 5-20 mm.
And S2, after printing is finished, sucking the metal powder inside the bottom outline by using the powder sucking device 9 in the working chamber 1.
And S3, filling the metal material 10 in the inner space of the outer contour 4 by using a plasma arc additive process, wherein the top surface of the filled metal material 10 is slightly lower than that of the outer contour. Wherein the height of the filled metal material 10 is controlled between 1.5-9mm, and the height difference between the metal material 10 and the outer contour is controlled between 3-9mm, as shown in fig. 1.
And S4, opening a powder spreader of the selective laser melting forming equipment to spread powder until the concave part in the outer contour is completely spread with metal powder.
S5, continuously printing the rest part of the outer contour of the metal part for multiple times on the basis of the outer contour of the bottom by using the selective laser melting forming process, and sequentially executing the steps S2-S4 after each printing until the outer contour of the metal part is completely printed and the inside of the metal part is completely filled. Wherein, the thickness of the outline of the outermost layer printed each time is controlled between 0.5mm and 5mm, and the height of the outermost layer printed each time is controlled between 5mm and 20 mm.
And S6, placing the metal substrate 6 and the parts into a heat treatment furnace for stress relief heat treatment.
S7, cutting the part from the metal substrate 6 by using the wire cutting process. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a part made using the manufacturing process of the present invention in one embodiment.
In this embodiment, the selective laser melting process and the plasma arc additive manufacturing process use different types of steel as raw materials. In the preparation process, when the metal material 10 is filled in the position closest to the thin-wall structure manufactured by the SLM (selective laser melting) of the outer layer by the plasma arc additive process, the plasma arc is firstly burnt for 3 seconds, and then wire feeding is started, so that the material printed by the plasma arc can be fully fused with the part printed by the SLM. In the invention, the metal materials adopted by the selective laser melting forming process and the plasma arc additive manufacturing process can be the same or different.
When the cross section area of the printed part of the metal part is less than 300 square millimeters, the printing forming is carried out only by using the selective laser melting forming process, and the plasma arc printing is not used.
A more detailed example is set forth below:
the method comprises the following steps: reform transform current election district laser melting former, increase plasma arc vibration material disk subassembly in printing the work intracavity, specifically include: a plasma arc torch, a wire feeder, and a welding motion control system;
step two: in the first cycle, 316L stainless steel powder raw material is used for printing the bottom outer contour 4 (namely the bottommost layer and the outermost layer side wall of the part) of the part on the stainless steel metal substrate 6 by a selective laser melting molding technology, the thickness of the printed outer contour 4 is 3mm, and the height of the printed outer contour 4 in the first cycle is 10 mm;
step three: sucking the metal powder in the outer contour 4 printed in the step two by using a built-in powder sucking device;
step four: on the basis of the third step, ER50-6 common steel welding wires with the diameter of 0.5mm are adopted, the plasma arc additive technology is used for filling the internal space of the large part, the height of the filled internal steel materials is lower than that of the outermost layer structure printed in the second step, and the height difference is 3 mm;
step five: opening a powder spreading device of the selective laser melting forming equipment, and starting powder spreading until the concave part inside the outline of the outermost layer is fully spread;
step six: a second cycle, continuously printing the rest part of the outer contour of the part on the basis of the fifth step by using a selective laser melting forming technology, wherein the thickness of the printed outermost layer is 3mm, and the height of the printed outermost layer in the cycle is 10 mm;
step seven: a second circulation, sucking away the stainless steel metal powder within the outer contour printed in the sixth step by using a built-in powder sucking device;
step eight: in the second cycle, ER50-6 common steel welding wires with the diameter of 0.5mm are adopted, the plasma arc additive technology is used for filling the internal space of the large part, the height of the filled internal steel materials is lower than that of the outermost layer structure printed in the second step, and the height difference is 3 mm;
step nine: and repeating the six steps to the eight steps by the analogy until the printing of the parts is finished.
Step ten: and (3) putting the printed stainless steel-common steel bimetal composite part and the stainless steel substrate into a heat treatment furnace for stress relief heat treatment.
Step eleven: the stainless steel-plain steel bi-metal composite part is cut from the substrate using wire cutting.
In order to verify the bonding effect between the outermost stainless steel and the inner ordinary steel printed in the embodiment, metallographic observation was performed on three cross sections of the topmost, bottommost and middle parts of the printed part, and it was found that the average porosity was less than 1%. In addition, in order to preliminarily verify the interface bonding effect between the outermost stainless steel and the internal common steel, a vibration load is applied to the stainless steel-common steel bimetal composite part, and the interface bonding state of the stainless steel-common steel after long-time vibration load treatment is observed. The vibration load frequency is 1000 Hz, the power is 700W, and the vibration time is 10 days. No cracks appear on the interface of the stainless steel outermost layer and the internal common steel substrate of the part subjected to the vibration load treatment, which shows that the stainless steel outermost layer and the internal common steel substrate have a good combination effect.
The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (3)
1. A rapid additive manufacturing method for large bimetal parts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, in a sealed chamber, printing the bottom surface and the side wall of the outline of the bottom of the metal part on a metal substrate by using a selective laser melting forming process;
s2, sucking away the metal powder inside the outer contour;
s3, filling the inner space of the outer contour by using a plasma arc additive process, wherein the filled inner material is lower than the top surface of the outer contour;
s4, opening a powder spreader of the selective laser melting forming equipment to spread powder until the concave part in the outer contour is completely filled;
s5, printing the rest part of the outer contour of the metal part for multiple times on the basis of the outer contour of the bottom by using a selective laser melting forming process, and sequentially executing the steps S2-S4 after each printing is finished until the outer contour of the metal part is completely printed and the inside of the metal part is completely filled;
s6, placing the metal substrate and the metal parts into a heat treatment furnace for stress relief heat treatment;
s7, cutting the metal part from the metal substrate by using a wire cutting process part;
and when the position closest to the outer contour of the metal part is filled by using a plasma arc additive technology, the wire feeding is started after the ion arc burns for 1-3 seconds.
2. The rapid additive manufacturing method for large bimetal parts according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the height difference between the filled inner material and the printed outer contour is 3-9mm by using a plasma arc additive process.
3. The rapid additive manufacturing method for large bimetallic parts as in claim 1, wherein the selective laser melting forming process and the plasma arc additive manufacturing process are the same or different types of metal materials.
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| CN110125399B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2020-05-29 | 上海交通大学 | Laser additive manufacturing method for multi-metal part added with transition layer |
| CN110000383B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2023-05-26 | 上海交通大学 | Femtosecond and traditional laser combined multi-metal part additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN110303225B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-06-02 | 华中科技大学 | Multi-arc gun additive manufacturing system and method |
| CN110538997B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2023-07-18 | 华南理工大学 | Laser pre-cladding auxiliary plasma additive manufacturing equipment and method |
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| EP3112055B1 (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2020-12-02 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Method for manufacturing a metal part with bi-metallic characteristic |
| CN106623924B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2018-12-11 | 中北大学 | A method of the powder metallurgy forming functionally graded material melted based on precinct laser |
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Effective date of registration: 20230414 Address after: 200190 1st floor, building 30, 525 Yuanjiang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee after: SHANGHAI HANBANG UNITED 3D TECH Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200190 1st floor, building 30, 525 Yuanjiang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai Patentee before: SHANGHAI HANBANG UNITED 3D TECH Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: SHANGHAI JIAO TONG University |
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