CN108479406B - Forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupled fruit juice concentrating device and concentrating method - Google Patents
Forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupled fruit juice concentrating device and concentrating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108479406B CN108479406B CN201810627465.8A CN201810627465A CN108479406B CN 108479406 B CN108479406 B CN 108479406B CN 201810627465 A CN201810627465 A CN 201810627465A CN 108479406 B CN108479406 B CN 108479406B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
- A23L2/08—Concentrating or drying of juices
- A23L2/082—Concentrating or drying of juices by membrane processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/02—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation containing fruit or vegetable juices
- A23L2/08—Concentrating or drying of juices
- A23L2/082—Concentrating or drying of juices by membrane processes
- A23L2/085—Concentrating or drying of juices by membrane processes by osmosis, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/002—Forward osmosis or direct osmosis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/366—Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupling fruit juice concentrating device and a concentrating method. Pumping the juice into the forward osmosis membrane component by the juice storage tank through the juice circulating pump, and enabling the juice to flow back to the juice storage tank after forward osmosis concentration to complete juice concentration circulation, wherein water in the juice permeates into the drawing agent; pumping the drawing agent into a membrane distillation device through a drawing agent circulating pump, concentrating by membrane distillation, and then flowing back to the forward osmosis membrane component to complete the circulation of the drawing agent, wherein the moisture in the drawing agent is partially permeated into condensate; the condensate is pumped into a condensate water tank through a condensate water circulating pump, enters a compression condensing device for cooling and returns to the membrane distillation device again, and the condensate water circulation is completed. The invention uses the forward osmosis technology to retain the nutrition components of the concentrated juice, and the drawing agent in the forward osmosis is treated by membrane distillation to prevent the drawing agent from being diluted with the increase of time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a fruit juice concentration technology, and specifically relates to a fruit juice concentration system and a concentration method using membrane distillation and forward osmosis coupling treatment. The invention mainly utilizes the special process characteristics of forward osmosis and membrane distillation to couple and apply the two-stage membrane separation technology to the juice concentration field of heat-sensitive materials so as to improve the juice concentration quality.
Background
The water content of the original juice is very high, usually more than 80-85%, and browning and functional nutrient ingredient change easily occur in the storage process. The fruit juice is concentrated to obtain a good fruit storage method, and the concentration process can improve the solid content of the original fruit juice from 5-20% to 60-75%, so that the concentrated juice has quite high biochemical stability. The fruit juice can greatly reduce the cost of packaging, transportation and storage after being concentrated, prolong the shelf life and facilitate sales and consumption. Common commercial processes for juice concentration are evaporative concentration and freeze concentration. The evaporating and concentrating process is to evaporate water in the juice by heating, so as to achieve the aim of concentration. Based on the evaporation process, the evaporation concentration of juice can have the following problems: (1) The high temperature heating in the evaporation concentration process can cause that many beneficial components in the juice are easily damaged, such as the loss of aromatic substances, etc.; (2) In the evaporation and concentration process, a large amount of energy is consumed by evaporation of water, and a large amount of water is consumed by cooling of water vapor, so that the evaporation and concentration process does not belong to an energy-saving and environment-friendly process.
Freeze concentration is based on the principle of solid-liquid phase equilibrium between ice and aqueous solutions. A concentration process for removing water from a solution in a solid state. The freeze concentration process essentially retains most of the material contained in the raw juice, but inevitably loses a portion of the juice concentrate when ice crystals are separated. From the viewpoint of ensuring the quality of products, freeze concentration is one of the common fruit juice concentration technologies in the current industrial application field. However, the maximum concentration of frozen juice concentrate is limited by the viscosity of the ice crystal-juice concentrate mixture, and can only reach 40 to 500Brix; when the viscosity of the material is high, ice crystals are difficult to generate, soluble solids and some effective components attached to the ice crystals are difficult to recover, the equipment investment and the operation cost are high, the production capacity is low, and the popularization and the application of the material are limited.
Along with the increasing awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection and the increasing demands of people for high-quality concentrated juice, the traditional juice concentration process has gradually disadvantages. In recent years, membrane separation technologies such as Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (ReverseOsmosis, RO) are often used to clarify and concentrate juice. Compared with the traditional evaporation method, the membrane separation technology has the advantages that the fruit juice is concentrated at normal temperature, does not generate phase change, and is favorable for retaining nutrient components and flavor substances in the fruit juice. However, these membrane separation processes often result in a maximum concentration of only 25 to 30oBrix due to concentration polarization and membrane fouling, and thus are limited by the concentration factor. This also makes such membrane separation techniques somewhat inapplicable.
Membrane separation technologies such as forward osmosis (ForwardOsmosis, FO) and membrane distillation (MembraneDistillation, MD) with low energy consumption and low environmental impact load are attracting more and more attention, and are becoming a hot spot for research in the field of material separation. The Forward Osmosis (FO) process is driven by the osmotic pressure difference on both sides of the membrane, so that water spontaneously enters from the side with lower osmotic pressure (raw material liquid) to the side with higher osmotic pressure (drawing liquid), no external pressure is needed in the process, and the energy consumption is lower. The forward osmosis process is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure to concentrate the juice, so that the quality of the juice can be guaranteed not to be reduced, the pollution of the membrane is little, the service life of the membrane in the treatment process is prolonged, and the treatment cost is greatly reduced. However, the concentration efficiency decreases with time when the forward osmosis technique is used alone.
Membrane Distillation (MD) is a product of a combination of conventional distillation techniques and modern membrane separation techniques, which is a membrane separation process that uses the difference in vapor pressure across the membrane as the driving force for mass transfer. Can be applied to the separation of high-concentration heat-sensitive materials. But use alone has technical drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption and destruction of beneficial components and flavor substances in juice by using a FO-MD coupling technology and the problem that the concentration efficiency is reduced with the passage of time when a forward osmosis technology is singly used by using the coupling technology. The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
The forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupling fruit juice concentrating device comprises a forward osmosis fruit juice concentrating and circulating system, a drawing agent membrane distillation and circulating system and a control box, wherein the control box controls the forward osmosis fruit juice concentrating and circulating system and the drawing agent membrane distillation and circulating system to operate; the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system are connected through a forward osmosis membrane component; the inside of the forward osmosis membrane component is divided into a juice area and a drawing agent area by taking the forward osmosis membrane as a boundary;
the liquid outlet of the juice area is connected with the liquid inlet of a juice storage tank through a pipeline, the liquid inlet of the juice area is connected with the liquid outlet of a juice circulating pump through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the juice storage tank is connected with the liquid inlet of the juice circulating pump through a pipeline to form the forward osmosis juice concentration circulating system;
the drawing agent zone is connected with a membrane distillation device, a drawing agent circulating pump, a compression condensing device, a condensing water tank and a condensing water circulating pump through pipelines to form the drawing agent membrane distillation circulating system;
the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system comprises a drawing agent circulation system and a condensate circulation system, and a high-temperature area and a condensation area which are bounded by a hydrophobic microporous membrane are arranged in the membrane distillation device;
the liquid inlet of the high temperature region is connected with the liquid outlet of the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the high temperature region is connected with the liquid inlet of the drawing agent circulating pump through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the drawing agent circulating pump is connected with the liquid inlet of the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component through a pipeline to form the drawing agent circulating system;
the liquid inlet of condensation district passes through the liquid outlet of pipe connection compression condensing equipment, and compression condensing equipment's liquid inlet passes through the liquid outlet of pipe connection condensate tank, and condensate tank's liquid inlet passes through the liquid outlet of pipe connection condensate water circulating pump, and the liquid inlet of condensate water circulating pump passes through the pipe connection the liquid outlet of condensation district constitutes condensate circulating system.
Further, the membrane distillation device comprises a water tank and a plurality of hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fittings, the water tank is divided into an inner layer drawing agent storage cavity and an outer layer water cavity, the inner layer cavity and the outer layer cavity are not communicated, a heating device and a water temperature electrode are arranged in the outer layer water cavity, and the inner layer drawing agent storage cavity is provided with a drawing agent outlet and a drawing agent inlet and is connected to the outside of the water tank through a pipeline; the bottoms of the front surface and the rear surface of the outer wall of the water tank are respectively provided with a groove surface which is directly connected with a drawing agent storage cavity, a plurality of pairs of corresponding through holes are formed in the two groove surfaces and are used for installing a hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting, two ends of the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting are respectively and hermetically connected with the through holes on two sides, a condensation area is arranged in the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting, condensate is introduced, a high-temperature area is arranged in the drawing agent storage cavity outside the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting, drawing agent is introduced, and the condensation area and the high-temperature area are separated by the hydrophobic microporous membrane; the hydrophobic microporous membrane is a PVDF hollow fiber membrane.
Further, the drawing agent storage cavity is provided with 4 pipelines connected to the outside of the water tank, wherein two pipelines are respectively used as a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe of a high-temperature area, and the other two pipelines are provided with liquid level floating balls.
Further, a pressure sensor is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank; an on-line conductivity meter and a fruit juice temperature electrode are arranged on a connecting pipeline for connecting the fruit juice storage tank and the fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component; a drawing agent temperature electrode is arranged on a pipeline connecting the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component and the high temperature region of the membrane distillation device; a plurality of detection instruments are arranged in the control box to display the values of each temperature electrode, the conductivity meter and the pressure sensor respectively.
Furthermore, the fruit juice concentrating device is also provided with a high-low liquid level alarm, a low liquid level switch is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank and the membrane distillation device, and a high liquid level switch is arranged in the condensate water tank.
Further, the condensate tank is connected with an overflow tank.
Further, the forward osmosis membrane of the forward osmosis membrane component is installed in a pipeline form, and the forward osmosis membrane pipeline adopts a multi-channel groove shape.
A forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupling fruit juice concentration method comprises a forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system, a drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system and a control box, wherein the control box controls the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system to operate; the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system are connected through a forward osmosis membrane component; the inside of the forward osmosis membrane component is divided into a juice area and a drawing agent area by taking the forward osmosis membrane as a boundary;
the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration and circulation system also comprises a fruit juice storage tank and a fruit juice circulation pump; the drawing agent membrane distillation circulating system further comprises a membrane distillation device, a drawing agent circulating pump, a condensate water circulating pump, a compression condensing device and a condensate water tank; the membrane distillation device is divided into a high temperature area and a condensation area by taking a hydrophobic microporous membrane as a boundary;
the forward osmosis juice concentration and circulation system works as follows: pumping the juice into the juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component by the juice storage tank through the juice circulating pump, concentrating the juice through forward osmosis, and then flowing back to the juice storage tank to complete juice concentration circulation, wherein water in the juice partially permeates into the drawing agent;
the operation of the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system is as follows: pumping the drawing agent into a high-temperature area of the membrane distillation device through a drawing agent circulating pump, concentrating through membrane distillation, and then flowing back to the drawing agent area of the forward osmosis membrane component to finish the circulation of the drawing agent, wherein water in the drawing agent partially permeates into condensate, and the temperature of the condensate is increased; the condensate is pumped into a condensate water tank through a condensate water circulating pump, then enters a compression condensing device for cooling and returns to a condensing area of the membrane distillation device again, thus completing condensate circulation.
Further, a pressure sensor is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank; an on-line conductivity meter and a fruit juice temperature electrode are arranged on a pipeline connecting the fruit juice storage tank and the fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component; a drawing agent temperature electrode is arranged on a pipeline connecting the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component and the high temperature region of the membrane distillation device; a plurality of detection instruments are arranged in the control box to display the values of each temperature electrode, the conductivity meter and the pressure sensor; the control box can be in a manual operation mode or an automatic operation mode: in the manual mode, the starting and stopping of each device can be realized through a button; in the automatic mode, the system automatically operates according to the process flow, corresponding solution circulation is realized through each circulating pump, and the heating and refrigerating device is started.
Further, the compression condensing device realizes constant temperature control of refrigeration through a PID control loop; the high temperature area of the membrane distillation device realizes temperature monitoring through a heating device and a temperature electrode, and constant temperature operation is carried out through PID control of a silicon controlled rectifier.
The beneficial effects are that:
the invention adopts the coupling technology of forward osmosis and membrane distillation, can realize the concentration effect of the juice at normal temperature and normal pressure by utilizing forward osmosis, ensures that the nutrient components in the juice are not destroyed, and prevents the concentration effect from being influenced by dilution of the drawing agent along with the increase of time when the drawing agent is processed by the membrane distillation device in the forward osmosis operation process.
The whole set of device can adopt automatic operation without manual switching, and is provided with a high-low liquid level alarm device to prevent accidents.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a juice concentrating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a juice concentrating apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a membrane distillation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a forward osmosis membrane module 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the forward osmosis membrane module 2.
Reference numerals:
1. a juice storage tank; 2. a pressure sensor; 3. a juice circulating pump; 4. an on-line conductivity meter; 5. a juice temperature electrode; 6. a forward osmosis membrane module; 7. a dip-agent temperature electrode; 8. a heating device; 9. a water temperature electrode; 10. a membrane distillation device; 11. a dip-agent circulation pump; 12. a condensate water circulation pump; 13. compression condensing device; 14. a condensate tank; 15. and (3) overflowing the water tank. 10-1. A dip-stock reservoir; 10-2, a water cavity; 10-3, groove surfaces; 10-4, a hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupling juice concentrating device comprises a forward osmosis juice concentrating and circulating system, a drawing agent membrane distillation and circulating system and a control box, wherein the control box controls the forward osmosis juice concentrating and circulating system and the drawing agent membrane distillation and circulating system to operate; the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system are connected through a forward osmosis membrane component 6; the inside of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 is divided into a juice area and a drawing agent area by taking the forward osmosis membrane as a boundary;
the liquid outlet of the juice area is connected with the liquid inlet of a juice storage tank 1 through a pipeline, the liquid inlet of the juice area is connected with the liquid outlet of a juice circulating pump 3 through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the juice storage tank 1 is connected with the liquid inlet of the juice circulating pump 3 through a pipeline to form the forward osmosis juice concentration circulating system;
the drawing agent zone is connected with a membrane distillation device 10, a drawing agent circulating pump 11, a compression condensing device 13, a condensing water tank 14 and a condensing water circulating pump 12 through pipelines to form the drawing agent membrane distillation circulating system;
the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system comprises a drawing agent circulation system and a condensate circulation system, and a high-temperature area and a condensation area which are bounded by a hydrophobic microporous membrane are arranged in the membrane distillation device 10;
the liquid inlet of the high temperature region is connected with the liquid outlet of the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane module 6 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the high temperature region is connected with the liquid inlet of the drawing agent circulating pump 11 through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the drawing agent circulating pump 11 is connected with the liquid inlet of the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane module 6 through a pipeline to form the drawing agent circulating system;
the liquid inlet of the condensation area is connected with the liquid outlet of the compression condensing device 13 through a pipeline, the liquid inlet of the compression condensing device 13 is connected with the liquid outlet of the condensation water tank 14 through a pipeline, the liquid inlet of the condensation water tank 14 is connected with the liquid outlet of the condensation water circulating pump 12 through a pipeline, and the liquid inlet of the condensation water circulating pump 12 is connected with the liquid outlet of the condensation area through a pipeline to form the condensate circulating system.
As shown in fig. 3, the membrane distillation apparatus 10 comprises a water tank and a plurality of hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fittings 10-4, the water tank is divided into an inner layer drawing agent storage cavity 10-1 and an outer layer water cavity 10-2, the inner layer cavity and the outer layer cavity are not communicated, a heating device 8 and a water temperature electrode 9 are arranged in the outer layer water cavity 10-2, the inner layer drawing agent storage cavity 10-1 is provided with a drawing agent outlet and a drawing agent inlet, and the drawing agent storage cavity 10-1 is connected to the outside of the water tank through a pipeline; the bottoms of the front surface and the rear surface of the outer wall of the water tank are respectively provided with a groove surface 10-3 which is directly connected with a drawing agent storage cavity 10-1, a plurality of pairs of corresponding through holes (6 4-minute threaded holes in the embodiment) are formed in the two groove surfaces 10-3 and are used for installing a hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting 10-4, two ends of the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting 10-4 are respectively and hermetically connected with the through holes on two sides, a condensation area is arranged in the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting 10-4, condensate is introduced, a high-temperature area is arranged in the drawing agent storage cavity outside the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting 10-4, and the condensation area and the high-temperature area are separated by the hydrophobic microporous membrane; the hydrophobic microporous membrane is a PVDF hollow fiber membrane.
The drawing agent storage cavity 10-1 is provided with 4 pipelines connected to the outside of the water tank, wherein two pipelines are respectively used as a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe of a high temperature area, and the other two pipelines are provided with liquid level floating balls.
A pressure sensor 2 is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank 1; an on-line conductivity meter 4 and a fruit juice temperature electrode 5 are arranged on a connecting pipeline for connecting the fruit juice storage tank 1 and the fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component 6; a drawing agent temperature electrode 7 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 and the high temperature region of the membrane distillation device 10; a plurality of detection instruments are arranged in the control box to display the values of each temperature electrode, the conductivity meter and the pressure sensor respectively.
The fruit juice concentrating device is also provided with a high-low liquid level alarm, a low liquid level switch is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank 1 and the membrane distillation device 10, and a high liquid level switch is arranged in the condensate water tank 14.
The condensate tank 14 is connected to an overflow tank 15.
The forward osmosis membrane of the forward osmosis membrane assembly 6 is installed in the form of a pipeline, and the forward osmosis membrane pipeline adopts a multi-channel groove shape. The forward osmosis membrane component consists of a component 1, a component 2 and a forward osmosis membrane, wherein the component 1 and the component 2 are connected through bolts, the connecting surfaces of the component 1 and the component 2 are respectively provided with grooves which are bent into a plurality of channels, are continuous and correspond to each other (namely, multi-channel grooves), the forward osmosis membrane is arranged between the component 1 and the component 2, and fruit juice and a drawing agent are respectively arranged in the grooves in the component 1 and the component 2, namely, the grooves on two sides of the forward osmosis membrane are respectively a fruit juice area and a drawing agent area.
The forward osmosis membrane is only a thin film with the thickness of 2mm, and cannot be directly applied to a separating device, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the forward osmosis membrane component is divided into two pieces, the membrane component is processed by adopting organic glass, the membrane component is 120mm long, 95mm wide and 20mm thick, a groove with the depth of 4mm is formed in the position 20mm away from the side according to fig. 4, water flows in the groove, the upper edge and the lower edge of the groove are communicated outside the module, a pagoda-shaped joint is bonded outside the module and used for connecting a material system, the component 2 is firstly recessed by 1mm in the position 10mm away from the side and then recessed by 4mm in the position 20mm away from the side, a sealing silica gel pad with the thickness of 2mm is stuck between the two grooves, the sealing silica gel pad is protruded out of the module 1mm, water flows in the groove with the width of 4mm, the upper edge and the lower edge of the groove are communicated outside the module, and a pagoda-shaped joint is bonded outside the module and used for connecting a drawing agent system. The forward osmosis membrane is adhered to the groove of the component 2, which is 10mm away from the edge, and is tightly adhered to the silica gel pad, and the two membrane components are fixed and locked by screws, so that no water leakage is ensured, and the two membrane components and one forward osmosis membrane form a set of forward osmosis membrane components.
The specific installation mode of the whole structure of the implementation equipment is as follows:
the characteristic that the forward osmosis membrane can move to the side of the drawing agent under normal temperature and pressure is mainly utilized, the forward osmosis membrane is used as a concentration component, and the forward osmosis membrane is arranged in the forward osmosis membrane component 6 to realize the functions of fixation, sealing and exchange. The pipeline inside the forward osmosis membrane component adopts a multi-channel groove type, so that the drawing agent and the juice can be contacted as much as possible in the membrane component, and sealing gaskets are arranged on two sides of the groove to prevent leakage. The fruit juice to be concentrated is mainly stored in a fruit juice storage tank 1, a pressure sensor 2 is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank 1, and the real-time liquid level value can be monitored and displayed through the change of liquid in the fruit juice storage tank to the bottom pressure. The fruit juice can be pumped into the front lower port of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 through the fruit juice circulating pump 3, and flows out of the membrane component from the front upper port after the exchange is completed, and the flow outlet is provided with an on-line conductivity meter 4 and a fruit juice temperature electrode 5 to monitor the real-time state of the fruit juice in the concentration process and finally flows back into a material tank to realize one cycle.
The back end pipeline groove of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 is used for flowing in and out the drawing agent, the drawing agent is mainly stored in the middle water tank of the membrane distillation device 10, the membrane distillation device is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the drawing agent is mainly stored in the inner layer, the outer layer is tap water, the heating device 8 can be used for heating an electric heating rod through the embodiment and realizing temperature monitoring through the water temperature electrode 9, constant temperature operation is carried out through PID control of a silicon controlled rectifier, a pipeline extends out of the outer wall of the water tank from the upper portion to the lower portion of the inner layer water tank, the lower pipeline is an outflow pipeline, the drawing agent is pumped into the lower opening of the back end of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 through the drawing agent circulating pump 11 and flows out from the upper opening of the back end, the drawing agent temperature electrode 7 is arranged at the outflow opening, the outflow temperature is monitored, and finally the drawing agent flows back into the membrane distillation device 10.
The membrane distillation device 10 mainly realizes the transfer of water in the drawing agent solution to the direction of condensed water through the action of PVDF hollow fiber membranes and the temperature difference at two sides of the membranes, the condensed water is stored in a condensed water tank 14, the whole condensing system is filled with water before use, the water flows out in an overflow water tank 15, the condensed water starts to circulate by opening a condensing circulating water pump 12, firstly, the condensed water is refrigerated by a compressor through a compression condensing device 13, the temperature of the condensed water is reduced, then the condensed water is pumped into the front end membrane wire of the membrane distillation device 10 and flows out from the rear end membrane wire, finally the condensed water returns to the condensed water tank 14, and the concentration of the drawing agent is realized repeatedly.
The membrane distillation apparatus of this example:
the membrane distillation device is used for supplementing the drawing agent necessary in the forward osmosis operation, and the drawing agent is used as a material for membrane distillation through the membrane distillation device, and the heat exchange is realized at the medium-high temperature heating and condensed water through the membrane distillation at the PVDF hollow fiber membrane to realize the transfer of water, and finally realize the stable operation of the concentration of the juice.
However, in the previous experiment, it has been found that the efficiency of the membrane distillation apparatus is difficult to improve, the PVDF membrane wire is installed in the pipeline, the installed membrane wire is less, the heating and heating of the material need to be performed in another storage tank, the heated material is conveyed into the membrane wire, a certain temperature loss is generated in the process, and finally the overall efficiency of the membrane distillation apparatus is not high.
The novel membrane distillation device has an appearance structure which is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the inner layer is filled with a substance drawing agent to be evaporated, the outer layer is filled with heating medium, the heating medium is water under the general condition, the inner layer water tank is connected with the outer wall of the water tank through 4 pipelines, two pipelines are used as circulating water inlet and outlet ports, and the other two pipelines can be provided with liquid level floating balls, and the liquid level height in the water tank is monitored through the up-down change of the floating balls. The bottoms of the front surface and the rear surface of the outer wall of the water tank are respectively provided with a groove surface which is directly connected with the inner water tank, the groove surfaces at the two sides are respectively provided with 6 4 internal threaded holes for installing PVDF membrane wires, the membrane wires are stuck and fixed on a PVC pipeline through a solution mixed by epoxy resin glue and a curing agent, 4 external threads are installed at the two ends of the PVC pipeline, and finally the membrane wires are connected with a membrane distillation device. The outer water tank is provided with two electric heating rods and a temperature electrode, the temperature of the outer water tank is monitored by the temperature electrode, the electric heating rod is used for realizing a heating function, a real-time value of the temperature can be displayed on a PID controller and compared with a set value, PID operation is carried out on deviation, the result is converted into a direct-current voltage value of 0-10V and transmitted to a silicon controlled rectifier, a linear relation between 0-10V and 0-220V is built in the silicon controlled rectifier, the direct-current voltage value can be input to regulate and output the alternating-current voltage value, the output power of the electric heating rod is controlled, and finally constant-temperature control is realized.
The system operation mode of the embodiment
The system mainly controls the operation flow by a control box, a plurality of monitoring instruments are arranged in the control box, namely an on-line conductivity meter, a fruit juice reflux temperature meter, a membrane distillation drawing agent in-box temperature meter and a membrane distillation drawing agent reflux temperature meter, the liquid level in the drawing agent in-box is displayed in real time, and the operation parameters of a forward osmosis-membrane distillation device are displayed. The system can be divided into two operation modes of manual operation and automatic operation in the control box, the starting and stopping of each device can be realized through a button in a manual mode, the system automatically operates according to the process flow in an automatic mode, corresponding solution circulation is realized through each circulating pump, and the heating and refrigerating device is started. The compression refrigeration adopted by the refrigeration device is provided with a temperature electrode, a PID controller, a compressor and other parts, and the constant temperature control on the refrigeration side is realized through a PID control loop. The whole set of device is also provided with a high-low liquid level alarm device, a low liquid level switch is arranged in the material tank and the membrane distillation device, a high liquid level switch is arranged in the condensate water tank, the occurrence of faults caused by too low or too high solution in the condensate water tank is prevented, and after the liquid level alarms, an audible and visual alarm can be sent out, all operating components are closed, and the occurrence of accidents is prevented.
In this embodiment, the main device name, requirements and implementation functions
1 circulation pump
The requirements are:
(1) flow rate: 17L/H
(2) The lift: 2M
(3) Voltage: AC220V
The realization function is as follows: the corresponding solution is pumped into and discharged out, thus realizing the circulation function.
2 Forward osmosis Membrane
The requirements are:
(1) the source is as follows: FO plate CTA film of HTI company in U.S
(2) Thickness: 2mm of
The realization function is as follows: the juice is separated from the dip-by-a-the-dip-agent by a forward osmosis membrane, and moisture transfer is effected therein.
3 Membrane distillation membrane silk
The requirements are:
(1) material quality: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes.
(2) Specification of: the inner diameter is 0.9mm, the outer diameter is 1.2mm, the porosity is 78%, the average membrane pore diameter is 0.16 mu m, and the wall thickness is 0.15mm.
The realization function is as follows: isolation of the draw agent from the condensed water is achieved and the draw agent is concentrated.
4 membrane distillation device
The requirements are:
(1) material quality: stainless steel.
(2) Specification of: the structure is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer, the front end and the rear end of the outer wall are provided with two grooves which are directly connected with the inner layer, and 6 4 internal threaded holes are respectively arranged.
The realization function is as follows: and storing the drawing agent, heating the drawing agent, keeping the temperature, and enabling the drawing agent and condensed water to be in isolated contact through PVDF membrane wires to realize concentration.
5 compression condensing device
The requirements are:
refrigeration power: 328W refrigeration capacity about 1000W
Constant temperature precision: (+ -0.5℃)
Liner size: 280X 350X 180mm (17.6L)
The realization function is as follows: providing the cooling requirement required by the membrane distillation condensate water.
Example 2
This example is a juice concentrating method using the juice concentrating apparatus of example 1.
A forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupling fruit juice concentration method comprises a forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system, a drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system and a control box, wherein the control box controls the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system to operate; and the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system are connected through a forward osmosis membrane component 6; the inside of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 is divided into a juice area and a drawing agent area by taking the forward osmosis membrane as a boundary;
the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration and circulation system also comprises a fruit juice storage tank 1 and a fruit juice circulation pump 3; the drawing agent membrane distillation circulating system also comprises a membrane distillation device 10, a drawing agent circulating pump 11, a condensed water circulating pump 12, a compression condensing device 13 and a condensed water tank 14; the membrane distillation device 10 is divided into a high temperature zone and a condensation zone by taking a hydrophobic microporous membrane as a boundary;
the forward osmosis juice concentration and circulation system works as follows: the fruit juice storage tank 1 pumps fruit juice into the fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 through the fruit juice circulating pump 3, the fruit juice flows back to the fruit juice storage tank 1 after forward osmosis concentration to complete fruit juice concentration circulation, and water in the fruit juice partially permeates into the drawing agent;
the operation of the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system is as follows: pumping the drawing agent into a high-temperature area of the membrane distillation device 10 through a drawing agent circulating pump 11, concentrating by membrane distillation, and then flowing back to the drawing agent area of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 to finish the circulation of the drawing agent, wherein water in the drawing agent partially permeates into condensate, and the temperature of the condensate is increased; the condensate is pumped into a condensate water tank 14 through a condensate water circulating pump 12, enters a compression condensing device 13 for cooling, and returns to the condensing area of the membrane distillation device 10 again to complete condensate water circulation.
A pressure sensor 2 is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank 1; an on-line conductivity meter 4 and a fruit juice temperature electrode 5 are arranged on a pipeline connecting the fruit juice storage tank 1 and the fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component 6; a drawing agent temperature electrode 7 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component 6 and the high temperature region of the membrane distillation device 10; a plurality of detection instruments are arranged in the control box to display the values of each temperature electrode, the conductivity meter and the pressure sensor; the control box can be in a manual operation mode or an automatic operation mode: in the manual mode, the starting and stopping of each device can be realized through a button; in the automatic mode, the system automatically operates according to the process flow, corresponding solution circulation is realized through each circulating pump, and the heating and refrigerating device is started.
The compression condensing device 13 realizes the constant temperature control of refrigeration through a PID control loop; the high temperature region of the membrane distillation apparatus 10 is subjected to temperature monitoring by a heating device and a temperature electrode, and constant temperature operation is performed by a silicon controlled rectifier PID control.
A plurality of detection instruments are arranged in the control box and are respectively: a drawing agent liquid level meter (corresponding to a liquid level floating ball), a fruit juice storage tank liquid level meter (corresponding to a pressure sensor 2), a fruit juice backflow online conductivity meter (corresponding to an online conductivity meter 4), a fruit juice backflow temperature meter (corresponding to a fruit juice temperature electrode 5), a water cavity temperature meter (corresponding to a water temperature electrode 9) at the outer side of the membrane distillation device, and a membrane distillation drawing agent backflow temperature meter (corresponding to a drawing agent temperature electrode 7); the control box can be in a manual operation mode or an automatic operation mode: in the manual mode, the starting and stopping of each device can be realized through a button; in the automatic mode, the system automatically operates according to the process flow, corresponding solution circulation is realized through each circulating pump, and the heating and refrigerating device is started.
Claims (9)
1. A forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupled juice concentrating device, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a forward osmosis juice concentration and circulation system, a drawing agent membrane distillation and circulation system and a control box, wherein the control box controls the operation of the forward osmosis juice concentration and circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation and circulation system; the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system are connected through a forward osmosis membrane component (6); the inside of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) is divided into a juice area and a drawing agent area by taking the forward osmosis membrane as a boundary;
the liquid outlet of the juice area is connected with the liquid inlet of a juice storage tank (1) through a pipeline, the liquid inlet of the juice area is connected with the liquid outlet of a juice circulating pump (3) through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the juice storage tank (1) is connected with the liquid inlet of the juice circulating pump (3) through a pipeline to form the forward osmosis juice concentration circulating system;
the drawing agent zone is connected with a membrane distillation device (10), a drawing agent circulating pump (11), a compression condensing device (13), a condensing water tank (14) and a condensing water circulating pump (12) through pipelines to form the drawing agent membrane distillation circulating system;
the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system comprises a drawing agent circulation system and a condensate circulation system, and a high-temperature area and a condensation area which are bounded by a hydrophobic microporous membrane are arranged in the membrane distillation device (10);
the liquid inlet of the high temperature region is connected with the liquid outlet of the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the high temperature region is connected with the liquid inlet of the drawing agent circulating pump (11) through a pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the drawing agent circulating pump (11) is connected with the liquid inlet of the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) through a pipeline to form the drawing agent circulating system;
the liquid inlet of the condensing zone is connected with the liquid outlet of the compression condensing device (13) through a pipeline, the liquid inlet of the compression condensing device (13) is connected with the liquid outlet of the condensing water tank (14) through a pipeline, the liquid inlet of the condensing water tank (14) is connected with the liquid outlet of the condensing water circulating pump (12) through a pipeline, and the liquid inlet of the condensing water circulating pump (12) is connected with the liquid outlet of the condensing zone through a pipeline to form the condensing water circulating system;
the membrane distillation device (10) comprises a water tank and a plurality of hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fittings (10-4), wherein the water tank is divided into an inner layer drawing agent storage cavity (10-1) and an outer layer water cavity (10-2), the inner layer cavity and the outer layer cavity are not communicated, a heating device (8) and a water temperature electrode (9) are arranged in the outer layer water cavity (10-2), and the inner layer drawing agent storage cavity (10-1) is provided with a drawing agent outlet and a drawing agent inlet and is connected to the outside of the water tank through a pipeline; the bottoms of the front surface and the rear surface of the outer wall of the water tank are respectively provided with a groove surface (10-3) which is directly connected with a drawing agent storage cavity (10-1), a plurality of pairs of corresponding through holes are formed in the two groove surfaces (10-3) and are used for installing a hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting (10-4), two ends of the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting (10-4) are respectively and hermetically connected with the through holes on two sides, a condensation area is arranged in the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting (10-4), condensate is introduced, a high-temperature area is arranged in the drawing agent storage cavity outside the hydrophobic microporous membrane pipe fitting (10-4), and the condensation area and the high-temperature area are separated by the hydrophobic microporous membrane; the hydrophobic microporous membrane is a PVDF hollow fiber membrane.
2. The juice concentrating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the drawing agent storage cavity (10-1) is provided with 4 pipelines which are connected to the outside of the water tank, wherein two pipelines are respectively used as a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe of a high temperature area, and the other two pipelines are provided with liquid level floating balls.
3. The juice concentrating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a pressure sensor (2) is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank (1); an on-line conductivity meter (4) and a fruit juice temperature electrode (5) are arranged on a connecting pipeline for connecting the fruit juice storage tank (1) and the fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component (6); a drawing agent temperature electrode (7) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) and the high temperature region of the membrane distillation device (10); a plurality of detection instruments are arranged in the control box to display the values of each temperature electrode, the conductivity meter and the pressure sensor respectively.
4. The juice concentrating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fruit juice concentrating device is also provided with a high-low liquid level alarm, a low liquid level switch is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank (1) and the membrane distilling device (10), and a high liquid level switch is arranged in the condensing water tank (14).
5. The juice concentrating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the condensate water tank (14) is connected with an overflow water tank (15).
6. The juice concentrating apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the forward osmosis membrane of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) is arranged in a pipeline form, and the forward osmosis membrane pipeline adopts a multi-channel groove shape.
7. A method for forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupled juice concentration using the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the device comprises a forward osmosis juice concentration and circulation system, a drawing agent membrane distillation and circulation system and a control box, wherein the control box controls the forward osmosis juice concentration and circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation and circulation system to operate; the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration circulation system and the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system are connected through a forward osmosis membrane component (6); the inside of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) is divided into a juice area and a drawing agent area by taking the forward osmosis membrane as a boundary;
the forward osmosis fruit juice concentration and circulation system also comprises a fruit juice storage tank (1) and a fruit juice circulation pump (3); the drawing agent membrane distillation circulating system further comprises a membrane distillation device (10), a drawing agent circulating pump (11), a condensed water circulating pump (12), a compression condensing device (13) and a condensed water tank (14); the membrane distillation device (10) is divided into a high temperature area and a condensation area by taking a hydrophobic microporous membrane as a boundary;
the forward osmosis juice concentration and circulation system works as follows: the fruit juice storage tank (1) pumps fruit juice into a fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) through the fruit juice circulating pump (3), the fruit juice flows back to the fruit juice storage tank (1) after forward osmosis concentration to complete fruit juice concentration circulation, and water in the fruit juice partially permeates into the drawing agent;
the operation of the drawing agent membrane distillation circulation system is as follows: pumping the drawing agent into a high-temperature area of the membrane distillation device (10) through a drawing agent circulating pump (11), concentrating by membrane distillation, and then flowing back to the drawing agent area of the forward osmosis membrane component (6), so as to complete the circulation of the drawing agent, wherein water in the drawing agent partially permeates into condensate, and the temperature of the condensate is increased; the condensate is pumped into a condensate water tank (14) through a condensate water circulating pump (12), enters a compression condensing device (13) for cooling, and returns to a condensing area of the membrane distillation device (10) again to complete condensate circulation.
8. The forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupled juice concentrating method of claim 7, wherein: a pressure sensor (2) is arranged in the fruit juice storage tank (1); an on-line conductivity meter (4) and a fruit juice temperature electrode (5) are arranged on a pipeline connecting the fruit juice storage tank (1) and the fruit juice region of the forward osmosis membrane component (6); a drawing agent temperature electrode (7) is arranged on a pipeline connecting the drawing agent region of the forward osmosis membrane component (6) and the high temperature region of the membrane distillation device (10); a plurality of detection instruments are arranged in the control box to display the values of each temperature electrode, the conductivity meter and the pressure sensor; the control box can be in a manual operation mode or an automatic operation mode: in the manual mode, the starting and stopping of each device can be realized through a button; in the automatic mode, the system automatically operates according to the process flow, corresponding solution circulation is realized through each circulating pump, and the heating and refrigerating device is started.
9. The forward osmosis-membrane distillation coupled juice concentrating method of claim 7, wherein: the compression condensing device (13) realizes the constant temperature control of refrigeration through a PID control loop; the high temperature area of the membrane distillation device (10) realizes temperature monitoring through a heating device and a temperature electrode, and constant temperature operation is carried out through PID control of a silicon controlled rectifier.
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