CN114100370A - Forward osmosis and draw liquid regeneration modular device using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw liquid - Google Patents
Forward osmosis and draw liquid regeneration modular device using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw liquid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forward osmosis and draw liquid regeneration modular device using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw liquid, which comprises a raw material liquid assembly, a hydrogel draw liquid assembly, a draw liquid side heat conduction assembly, a draw liquid side temperature control assembly and a draw liquid side purified water collecting port, wherein the raw material liquid assembly and the hydrogel draw liquid assembly are separated by the forward osmosis membrane. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel has hydrophilic swelling (high osmotic pressure) characteristics in a specific temperature range and can be used as a forward osmosis drawing liquid. Under high or low temperature conditions, the hydrogel can transform into hydrophobic deswelling (low osmotic pressure) characteristics, which can be used as draw solution for regeneration and produce purified water. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel draw-up solution can be prepared into different components and forms by different synthesis methods, and can be used as a filler or a base material to be integrated into other systems. The device comprises: a staged mode (forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration, respectively) and a synchronized mode (simultaneous forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration). Different temperature adjustment methods can be used for removing water from the hydrogel drawing liquid. The modular device can be used for instant clean water generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forward osmosis processes, in particular to a forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration modular device using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw solution.
Background
Forward osmosis is a membrane technology, and the process only transmits water molecules from a raw material liquid side with lower osmotic pressure to a drawing liquid side with higher osmotic pressure by using osmotic pressure difference (driving force) at two sides of the membrane, so that the water removal or pre-concentration function of the raw material liquid is achieved in the process. (FIG. 1)
The drawing liquid material can adopt different materials according to the concentration requirements of different raw material liquids, such as: polyols, inorganic salts, ionic liquids, hydrogels, and the like. Applications of forward osmosis include wastewater treatment, desalination of seawater, and also pre-concentration of beverages, pharmaceutical compounds, and biomolecules. In addition to lower equipment costs and the absence of significant water pressure (low pressure reduces clogging due to fouling of the membrane) compared to reverse osmosis, forward osmosis can also be more easily removed to extend membrane life (US9687788B 2).
The draw solution is a key component to achieve high forward osmosis efficiency (i.e., high water flux) and high economic efficiency. In addition to providing high osmotic pressure, the ideal draw solution needs to be responsive to external stimuli, which helps to achieve draw solution regeneration and reuse under different external conditions, while producing clean water.
Hydrogel draw solutions do not have the problem of reverse osmosis and are applied by coating onto the membrane surface or by functionalization directly onto the forward osmosis membrane. (US 2016/0082391 a1) however, the intimate binding of the hydrogel to the interface of the forward osmosis membrane generally requires complex chemistry or processes. In addition, the replacement or regeneration of the hydrogel extract requires cumbersome steps.
The existing temperature-sensitive hydrogel drawing liquid comprises poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA), polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether block copolymer (Pluronics), functional hydrogel (chitosan, cellulose, protein and the like), ionic liquid gel and the like. (AU 2015237315B 2) the current research in this area is limited to individual hydrogel formulations and to the enhancement of forward osmosis water flux, and there is no research on how to use hydrogel-based draw solutions for practical operations.
Ammonium bicarbonate as draw solution can be recovered by decomposition to carbon dioxide and ammonium by heating to 65 ℃, but this method has the disadvantage of severe draw solution solute back diffusion and residual ammonium in the produced water (US9433901B 2). The relevant literature also reports the operation of hydrogels incorporated into porous foam-based polymer composites as a wicking medium (WO2017045114a 1). However, such composites require specially prepared microgels and ensure interfacial compatibility of the microgel with the foamed polymer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a modular device for temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and drawn liquid regeneration.
The purpose of the invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a forward osmosis and draw liquid regeneration modular device using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw liquid is used for generating instant purified water of different scales, and comprises a raw material liquid assembly 1, a hydrogel draw liquid assembly 3, a draw liquid side heat conduction assembly 5 and a draw liquid side temperature control assembly 6 which are sequentially connected, wherein a forward osmosis membrane 2 is arranged between the raw material liquid assembly 1 and the hydrogel draw liquid assembly 3 for separation, and a draw liquid side purified water collection port 4 is arranged at the bottom of the hydrogel draw liquid assembly 3;
the hydrogel drawing liquid component 3 is used for filling hydrogel drawing liquid and can be in an open or sealed state during forward osmosis operation;
the drawing liquid side heat conduction assembly 5 conducts heat to the hydrogel drawing liquid;
the temperature-sensitive hydrogel has a Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) or a higher critical solution temperature (UCST), and can achieve the state transition of hydrophilic swelling (used as forward osmosis drawing liquid) or hydrophobic deswelling (used as drawing liquid regeneration) through temperature regulation; the hydrophilic swollen state is used as a forward osmosis draw solution, and the hydrophobic deswelled state is used as a draw solution regeneration, and purified water is produced.
Further, the raw material liquid assembly 1, the hydrogel liquid drawing assembly 3, the liquid drawing side heat conduction assembly 5 and the liquid drawing side temperature control assembly 6 are made of one or more of metal, plastic and ceramic. Different material selection considerations, in addition to cost, are also related to feedstock fluid characteristics (e.g., ph, corrosivity) and operating parameters (e.g., temperature).
Further, the raw material liquid assembly 1, the hydrogel drawing liquid assembly 3, the drawing liquid side heat conduction assembly 5 and the drawing liquid side temperature control assembly 6 are integrated in different ways based on different device scales, such as but not limited to: clamps, bolt tightening, pipe connections, and the like. The assembly may also be designed as a skid-mounted device.
Further, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration modular device can be used alone or integrated into a more complex material system, device, or process flow. This flexibility is especially important when forward osmosis is used in conjunction with other concentration processes.
Further, the raw material liquid to be concentrated in the raw material liquid module 1 may be processed in batch, continuous or circulating manner according to the requirements of the processing amount and concentration degree.
Further, the hydrogel extracting solution component 3 is used for filling hydrogel extracting solution, can be designed to have different shapes, volumes and hydrogel filling modes, and can be in an open or sealed state during forward osmosis operation. In the open state, the pure water evaporated in the regeneration process of the drawing liquid can be recovered through other processes.
Further, the drawing liquid side purified water collecting port 4 is an opening, and may be, but not limited to, a mesh opening, so that purified water obtained by removing water by the regeneration of the hydrogel drawing liquid can flow out for collection. The collection means may include no external force assistance (using gravity flow) or external force assistance (using a vacuum, for example).
Further, the draw solution side thermally conductive assembly 5 may be thermally conductive to the hydrogel draw solution, such as but not limited to: metal plates, flat sheet membranes, mesh membranes, etc.
Further, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel can be applied to the device hydrogel extraction element 3 in different forms (single or multiple forms), such as but not limited to: powdered (less than 5 mm and greater than 1 micron), monolithic (flat or block) (greater than 5 mm), micro-gelatinous (less than one micron), and the like. The degree of swelling is from 2 to 1000 times.
Further, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel component may be, but is not limited to, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA), polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether block copolymers (Pluronics), functionalized hydrogels (chitosan, cellulose, proteins, etc.), ionic liquid gels, and the like.
Further, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel may be directly integrated with the forward osmosis membrane 2 by a chemical or physical means, or may be separately synthesized without involving the forward osmosis membrane. The synthesis does not involve complicated forward osmosis membrane modification procedures and is not limited by physical or chemical compatibility issues at the membrane-hydrogel interface.
Further, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel draw solution can be used as a filler or a substrate, and integrated into different systems, such as but not limited to a composite filler or a substrate, or integrated with other low-osmotic pressure or high-osmotic pressure materials or template systems, so as to improve the forward osmosis and water removal efficiency by improving the capillary phenomenon, increasing the interface surface area, and the like.
Further, the temperature control assembly 6 on the drawing liquid side can achieve the purpose of removing water by contacting the heat conduction assembly 5 on the drawing liquid side with the hydrogel drawing liquid through different cooling methods (-50 ℃ to room temperature), such as but not limited to: cooling plates, cold air, cold water circulation, thermoelectric effect, and the like.
Further, the drawing liquid side temperature control assembly 6 can contact the hydrogel drawing liquid through the drawing liquid side heat conduction assembly 5 by different heating methods (room temperature to 300 ℃), such as but not limited to: heating plate, hot air, hot water circulation, joule heating, thermoelectric effect, etc.
Further, the regeneration modular device comprises a stage mode or a synchronous mode, wherein in the stage mode, only a forward osmosis mechanism is initially operated, and the hydrogel suction liquid in the hydrogel tank starts to regulate the temperature to remove water and regenerate the hydrogel after forward osmosis is finished in a water absorption and swelling state; in the synchronous mode, a forward osmosis and hydrogel drawing liquid regeneration mechanism is operated simultaneously, and the side, which is in contact with a forward osmosis membrane, of the hydrogel drawing liquid in the hydrogel tank is in a water absorption (forward osmosis) state; at the same time, the contact heating side of the hydrogel drawing liquid in the hydrogel tank is in a water removal and regeneration state.
Further, the temperature control of the drawing liquid side temperature control assembly 6 can utilize low-grade energy or solar energy without electric energy.
Further, the purified water generated by the regeneration modular device can be used for industrial, household, drinking, emergency disaster relief and other purposes according to the purity degree. For emergency disaster relief, a personal or small-scale water purification device is operated to purify surface water sources (river water, lake water, etc.) to a drinking water level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the modularized device can utilize hydrogel drawing liquid with different forms and pre-synthesized in a forward osmosis process, does not need a complex forward osmosis membrane modification procedure, and is not limited by the problem of physical or chemical compatibility of a membrane and a hydrogel interface.
2. The modular device can flexibly integrate different temperature adjusting mechanisms, such as low-grade heat energy or solar energy, and does not need electric energy.
3. Under the synchronous mode, this modular device can carry out continuity forward osmosis and draw liquid regeneration (pure water generation) simultaneously, need not to carry out forward osmosis and draw liquid regeneration respectively, promotes forward osmosis depth concentration and pure water generation efficiency.
4. Based on a plurality of temperature-sensitive hydrogel systems with different swelling degrees and components, the water flux and the volume of recovered water can be improved by matching with forward osmosis and temperature regulation, the device scale is not limited, and the high amplification feasibility is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel draw solution forward osmosis system; in FIG. 1, the raw material liquid circulates at one side of the forward osmosis membrane, and water molecules penetrate through the forward osmosis membrane from the low osmotic pressure raw material liquid side to enter the high osmotic pressure hydrogel draw-up liquid; in the process, raw material liquid is concentrated, the hydrogel absorbs water to swell, and the temperature-sensitive hydrogel drawing liquid is regenerated in a heating or cooling mode;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a modular apparatus for regenerating a temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and draw solution in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of different operation modes of a modular device for regeneration of temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and draw solution according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the forward osmosis water flux after temperature gradient stabilization when using a powdered hydrogel draw solution in this modular device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the cumulative water removal volume of a hydrogel draw solution after temperature gradient stabilization at fifty degrees Celsius regeneration when using a powdered hydrogel draw solution in the modular apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of the forward osmosis water flux after temperature gradient stabilization when using a flat hydrogel draw solution in this modular device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cumulative water removal volume of a hydrogel draw solution regenerated at fifty degrees Celsius after a temperature gradient has stabilized when a flat plate of the hydrogel draw solution is used in the modular apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
In the present embodiment, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel draw solution is used in the forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration modular device, and the device operation is achieved by temperature control of the raw material solution end and the draw solution end. The device comprises a raw material liquid assembly, a hydrogel liquid-drawing assembly, a liquid-side heat-conducting assembly, a liquid-side temperature-control assembly and a liquid-side purified water collecting port which are separated by a forward osmosis membrane.
The device achieves a stage mode (respectively positive osmosis and absorption liquid regeneration) and a synchronous mode (simultaneously positive osmosis and absorption liquid regeneration) by utilizing the characteristic that temperature-sensitive hydrogel swells from hydrophilic to hydrophobic at different temperature ranges and utilizing a specially designed modular device (one end is hydrophilic temperature and the other end is hydrophobic temperature), and detailed figures of the device are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. In FIG. 2, one end is the forward osmosis feed solution circulation (hydrogel absorbs water and swells), and the other end is the temperature-sensitive absorption solution regeneration mechanism (hydrogel removes water and swells). The device can keep a stable water flux value after the temperature gradient balance of the two ends (the raw material solution and the hydrogel drawing solution) is achieved. The examples given in figure 3 include different size and morphology hydrogel draws and different temperature adjustment methods.
The temperature-sensitive hydrogel draw-up solution used in this device may have various forms, such as powder, whole, micro-sphere, etc.
The device can use different temperature regulation methods for the water removal and regeneration of the draw solution. According to the special low critical solution temperature or high critical solution temperature of the hydrogel, the regeneration of the water removal of the drawing liquid can be realized by heating (heating plate, hot air, hot water circulation, Joule heating, thermoelectric effect) or cooling (cooling plate, cold air, cold water circulation, thermoelectric effect).
The device can operate in a phase mode. That is, initially only the forward osmosis mechanism is operated, the hydrogel draw-up solution in the hydrogel tank is in a state of swelling by water absorption. And after the forward osmosis is finished, the temperature is adjusted to remove water and regenerate the hydrogel.
The device can operate in a synchronous mode. Namely, a forward osmosis and hydrogel drawing liquid regeneration mechanism is operated simultaneously, and the side of the hydrogel drawing liquid in the hydrogel tank, which is in contact with the forward osmosis membrane, is in a water absorption (forward osmosis) state; at the same time, the contact heating side of the hydrogel drawing liquid in the hydrogel tank is in a water removal and regeneration state.
Example two
The embodiment is based on the modular device for regeneration of temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and draw solution disclosed by the embodiment, and discloses a working method of the device, which comprises the following steps:
t1 preparation of temperature-sensitive hydrogel
Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels were prepared as low temperature free radical crosslinking (polymerization) reactions. First, an aqueous solution containing the monomer (1M) and the crosslinked material was prepared. The monomer may be neat PNIPAM or contain other hydrogel monomers including, but not limited to, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like.
Except for keeping the temperature of the uniform aqueous solution at low temperature by using an ice bath, a low-temperature activator of tetramethylethylenediamine and an initiator of ammonium persulfate (each 3mM) are quickly added in a nitrogen environment, and the uniform aqueous solution is magnetically stirred for ten seconds and then is kept stand for 15 minutes to start crosslinking. After 15 minutes, the reaction solution is placed in a four-degree-centigrade environment. The 24 hour crosslinking (polymerization) process was carried out in a sealed vessel containing a nitrogen atmosphere to exclude oxygen which would inhibit free radical polymerization.
And (3) putting the hydrogel after crosslinking into deionized water for cleaning and purifying, and changing water for at least three times to remove unreacted monomers or byproducts. The temperature of the hydrogel drawing liquid low critical solution is thirty seven degrees centigrade, and the swelling degree is about 53 times.
T2 modular device for filling powdery hydrogel into forward osmosis and drawing liquid regeneration
The loading of powdered hydrogel into the modular device was as follows: the purified hydrogel is comminuted and ground under swelling conditions. The fully swollen hydrogel is placed into a draw solution tank (hydrogel draw solution assembly). And starting a heating mechanism of the raw material liquid circulation and the liquid drawing end at the same time.
The hydrogel which is completely swelled is rapidly dehydrated, regenerated and shrunk in volume at the heating end, and then the hydrogel which is completely swelled is continuously added until the hydrogel is swelled or the volume of the swelled is stable, namely, the end of the hydrogel which is contacted with the forward osmosis membrane is in a water absorption swelling state, the hydrogel which is contacted with a high-temperature dehydration mechanism (a heat conduction component and a temperature control component at the side of the absorbed solution) at the other end is in a water removal state (the regenerated state of the absorbed solution), and at the moment, the dehydration rates of the forward osmosis solution and the absorbed solution reach the stable and balanced temperature gradient.
T3 simultaneous mode powdery hydrogel forward osmosis experiment
The water flux LMH (liters per hour per square meter) was calculated by measuring the feed liquid weight (pure water as an example) with the heating mechanism of the feed liquid side and the draw liquid side turned on simultaneously. Hydration Technology Innovations, llc (hti) triglyceride (CTA) forward osmosis membrane area was 6.25 square centimeters, with the active layer of the forward osmosis membrane facing the draw solution (hydrogel). The hourly recorded water flux was as shown in figure 4 to maintain about 1.5 liters per hour per square meter and did not drop significantly over four hours due to hydrogel swelling (decrease in osmotic pressure after imbibition).
T4 recovery of powdered hydrogel drawing liquid
The hydrogel drawing liquid is regenerated by utilizing the temperature-sensitive characteristic, hot water with the temperature of fifty ℃ is circulated at one end of a contact dehydration mechanism, and the hot water contacts a metal plate to conduct heat to the hydrogel. The forward osmosis water flux and the water removal rate reach a stable equilibrium at a temperature gradient. The volume of pure water recovered accumulated in the pure water collection port on the drawing liquid side is as shown in fig. 5, and the volume is increased substantially uniformly to about 0.125 ml after 4 hours of accumulation. The volume of clean water collected can be increased by increasing the membrane area.
T5 synchronous mode flat plate (flat sheet) hydrogel film forward osmosis and draw solution recovery experiment
Two pieces of flat hydrogel with the same thickness and the swelling degree of 5 mm being about 40 times are put into a liquid drawing groove (hydrogel liquid drawing component) with a square section with the side length of 2.5 cm, and the circulation of raw material liquid and the heating mechanism of a liquid drawing end are started. The HTI CTA forward osmosis membrane area was 6.25 square centimeters with the membrane facing the draw solution (hydrogel). The hydrogel contacted with a heating end at fifty ℃ at the beginning reduces the volume due to dehydration, and at the moment, the flat hydrogel film is continuously added to fill the liquid drawing tank. The water flux was calculated by measuring the weight of the raw material liquid (pure water) after the temperature gradient was stabilized.
The temperature-sensitive flat hydrogel drawing solution contacts a hot metal plate (one end of a dewatering mechanism circulates hot water at fifty ℃ C.), and the forward osmosis water flux and the dewatering rate are stable. The water flux and cumulative pure water recovery volume recorded per hour are shown in fig. 6 and 7. The water flux is between 0.2 and 0.6 liters per hour per square meter and the volume of clean water collected can reach about 0.6 milliliters. The water flux of the tabular draw solution is small compared to the powdery draw solution because the voids between the powdery hydrogel have a large capillary effect. But the flat-plate-shaped draw solution is faster in water removal regeneration because the flat-plate-shaped hydrogel is better in contact with the heating plate and has a larger filling volume than the powder.
T6 flat-plate hydrogel stage mode forward osmosis and draw solution recovery experiment
Two pieces of flat hydrogel with the same thickness and the swelling degree of 5 mm being about 40 times are put into a square section drawing liquid groove (hydrogel drawing liquid assembly) with the side length of 2.5 cm, and the raw material liquid end is independently opened to circulate for 55 hours to ensure that the gel is swelled to be balanced. Then, 1.67 ml of water can be discharged from a clean water collecting port on the drawing liquid side one hour after a heating mechanism (hot water at fifty degrees centigrade) on the drawing liquid end is started. This step is a phase mode, i.e. only the forward osmosis mechanism is initially operated, and the hydrogel draw-up solution in the hydrogel tank is in a state of swelling by water absorption. And after the forward osmosis is finished, the temperature is adjusted to remove water and regenerate the hydrogel.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The forward osmosis and draw liquid regeneration modular device using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw liquid is used for generating instant purified water of different scales and is characterized by comprising a raw material liquid assembly (1), a hydrogel draw liquid assembly (3), a draw liquid side heat conduction assembly (5) and a draw liquid side temperature control assembly (6) which are sequentially connected, wherein a forward osmosis membrane (2) is arranged between the raw material liquid assembly (1) and the hydrogel draw liquid assembly (3) for separation, and a draw liquid side purified water collection port (4) is arranged at the bottom of the hydrogel draw liquid assembly (3);
the hydrogel drawing liquid assembly (3) is used for filling hydrogel drawing liquid and is in an open or sealed state during forward osmosis operation;
the heat conduction component (5) on the side of the drawing liquid conducts heat to the hydrogel drawing liquid;
the temperature-sensitive hydrogel has a low critical solution temperature or a high critical solution temperature, and achieves the state conversion of hydrophilic swelling or hydrophobic deswelling through temperature regulation; wherein the hydrophilic swollen state is used as a forward osmosis draw solution, and the hydrophobic deswelled state is used as a draw solution regeneration, and purified water is produced.
2. The modular device for forward osmosis and drawn liquid regeneration by using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as a drawn liquid according to claim 1, wherein the raw material liquid assembly (1), the hydrogel drawn liquid assembly (3), the drawn liquid side heat conduction assembly (5) and the drawn liquid side temperature control assembly (6) are made of one or more of metal, plastic and ceramic; the raw material liquid assembly (1), the hydrogel liquid drawing assembly (3), the liquid drawing side heat conduction assembly (5) and the liquid drawing side temperature control assembly (6) are connected in one or more combination modes of clamps, bolt tightening and pipelines.
3. The modular apparatus for forward osmosis and pumped liquid regeneration using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as pumped liquid according to claim 1, wherein the raw material liquid to be concentrated in the raw material liquid module (1) is processed in batch, continuous or cyclic manner.
4. The modular device for forward osmosis and absorption liquid regeneration using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as absorption liquid according to claim 1, wherein the absorption liquid side purified water collection port (4) is a mesh-shaped opening to allow purified water after water removal from hydrogel absorption liquid regeneration to flow out for collection, and the collection method comprises using gravity flow or using air pressure difference.
5. The modular device for forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw solution according to claim 1, wherein the heat conducting manner of the draw solution side heat conducting component (5) comprises one or more combinations of metal plate, flat plate membrane and mesh membrane.
6. Modular device for forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration with temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw solution according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is applied to the device hydrogel draw solution component (3) in one or more forms, including powder, plate or whole with volume greater than 5 mm, micro gel with volume less than one micron, with swelling degree from 2 to 1000 times, less than 5 mm and greater than 1 micron.
7. The modular device for forward osmosis and draw solution regeneration using temperature-sensitive hydrogel as draw solution according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is one of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide, poly-N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether block copolymer, functionalized hydrogel and ionic liquid gel, the functionalized hydrogel comprises chitosan, cellulose, protein, hydrogel draw solution is used as filler or is integrated into different material systems in a form of base material.
8. The modular device for recycling temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and draw solution according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is directly integrated with the forward osmosis membrane (2) by chemical or physical means, or is separately synthesized without involving the forward osmosis membrane.
9. The modular device for temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and absorption liquid regeneration as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorption liquid side temperature control assembly (6) contacts the hydrogel absorption liquid through the absorption liquid side heat conduction assembly (5) in different cooling modes to achieve the purpose of water removal, the cooling modes comprise a cooling plate, cold air, cold water circulation and thermoelectric effect, and the cooling temperature range is from-50 ℃ to room temperature;
the liquid-side temperature control assembly (6) is in contact with hydrogel drawing liquid through the liquid-side heat conduction assembly (5) in different heating modes to achieve the aim of water removal, the heating modes comprise a heating plate, hot air, hot water circulation, Joule heating and a thermoelectric effect, and the heating temperature range is from room temperature to 300 ℃.
10. The modular device for regenerating temperature-sensitive hydrogel forward osmosis and draw solution of claim 1, wherein the modular device for regenerating temperature-sensitive hydrogel is operated in a stage mode or a synchronous mode, wherein in the stage mode, only a forward osmosis mechanism is initially operated, and a hydrogel draw solution in a hydrogel tank is in a state of water absorption and swelling, and after the forward osmosis is finished, a draw solution regeneration mechanism is started to adjust the temperature so as to regenerate the hydrogel by removing water; in the synchronous mode, a forward osmosis and hydrogel drawing liquid regeneration mechanism is operated simultaneously, and the side, which is in contact with the forward osmosis membrane, of the hydrogel drawing liquid in the hydrogel tank is in a forward osmosis state; at the same time, the contact heating side of the hydrogel drawing liquid in the hydrogel tank is in a water removal and regeneration state.
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