CN103102031A - Low pressure seawater desalination plant - Google Patents
Low pressure seawater desalination plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN103102031A CN103102031A CN2011103530595A CN201110353059A CN103102031A CN 103102031 A CN103102031 A CN 103102031A CN 2011103530595 A CN2011103530595 A CN 2011103530595A CN 201110353059 A CN201110353059 A CN 201110353059A CN 103102031 A CN103102031 A CN 103102031A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low pressure seawater desalination plant which comprises a feed liquid tank, a permeation liquid tank, a suction liquid tank, a positive penetration membrane unit and a membrane distillation unit, wherein the positive penetration membrane unit is connected with the feed liquid tank at a low-osmotic pressure side through a first liquid inlet pipe and a first liquid outlet pipe and is connected with the suction liquid tank at a high-osmotic pressure side through a second liquid inlet pipe and a second liquid outlet pipe, the membrane distillation unit is connected with the suction liquid tank at one side of a membrane through a third liquid inlet pipe and a third liquid outlet pipe, a heater is arranged on the third liquid inlet pipe, the membrane distillation unit is connected with the permeation liquid tank at the other side of the membrane through a fourth liquid inlet pipe and a fourth liquid outlet pipe, and a condenser is arranged on the fourth liquid outlet pipe. The plant provided by the invention can be used for desalination of low pressure seawater and brackish water, allows a removal rate of salt to reach more than 99%, has low energy consumption and can substantially reduce desalination cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low pressure sea water desalinating plant, relate in particular to and a kind ofly positive process of osmosis and membrane distillation process are combined realization under low pressure carry out the device of sea water desaltination.
Background technology
Along with world population and economic develop rapidly, tellurian water resources presents day by day deficient trend, and water resources crisis becomes the important factor of restriction social development progress.The Freshwater resources that can directly use on the earth at present only account for 0.77% of all water resourcess, and tellurian seawater resources are very abundant, more than 75% of the ball total area is taken up an area in the ocean, therefore seawater is desalinated to process having great importance to obtain the required Freshwater resources of daily life.
At present, method for desalting seawater commonly used mainly contains Re Fa and the large class of embrane method two.Hot method is mainly by the mode that traditional heating is distilled, seawater to be desalinated processing, and in its process, energy consumption is larger, and the environment heat effect is more serious, is replaced by embrane method gradually.In the embrane method sea water desaltination, reverse osmosis is the Membrane Separation for Water Treatment that present technical development is comparatively ripe, be most widely used, but reverse osmosis process needs higher external pressure, film is polluted comparatively serious, desalination by product---the discharging of strong brine is restricting further developing of reverse osmosis technology to aspects such as environmental influence are serious.
With respect to traditional pressure-driven type embrane method water treatment procedure, forward osmosis membrane method water technology is a kind of novel membrane water technology that began one's study in recent years, mainly to utilize the permeable pressure head of film both sides solution to make water molecules see through film from the lower side of osmotic pressure to be diffused into the higher side of osmotic pressure in process, a side solution that wherein has than Hyposmolality is stock liquid, has solution than high osmotic pressure for drawing liquid.Positive process of osmosis does not need impressed pressure, of reduced contamination to film, and process simply is easy to realize, therefore is subject to the people's attention.
But forward osmosis membrane method water technology can't directly obtain fresh water, and also needs the liquid that draws of dilution is separated, and therefore still needing provides a kind of novel technology that seawater is desalinated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low pressure sea water desalinating plant, realize under low pressure carrying out sea water desaltination.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of low pressure sea water desalinating plant, comprising:
The raw material flow container is used for the stock liquid that splendid attire need to be desalinated;
See through flow container, be used for the fresh water that splendid attire obtains after desalination;
The forward osmosis membrane device comprises forward osmosis membrane, and is connected with described raw material flow container by the first liquid-inlet pipe, the first drain pipe at the described positive permeator of the Hyposmolality side of described forward osmosis membrane;
Draw flow container, be used for splendid attire and draw liquid, the described flow container that draws is connected with described positive permeator by the second liquid-inlet pipe, the second drain pipe in the high osmotic pressure side of described forward osmosis membrane, makes that the mode with cross-flow circulates in the both sides of described forward osmosis membrane with drawing liquid by described stock liquid;
Distillation device, a side at film is connected with the described flow container that draws by the 3rd liquid-inlet pipe, the 3rd drain pipe, and on described the 3rd liquid-inlet pipe, well heater is set, opposite side at film is connected with the described flow container that sees through by the 4th liquid-inlet pipe, the 4th drain pipe, and on described the 4th drain pipe, condenser is set, makes and describedly draw liquid and describedly see through liquid the mode with cross-flow circulates in the both sides of film.
According to the present invention, described stock liquid enters the forward osmosis membrane device through the first liquid-inlet pipe, flows out the forward osmosis membrane device through the first drain pipe;
The described described flow container that draws of liquid outflow that draws enters described forward osmosis membrane device by the second drain pipe, flows out the forward osmosis membrane device and enters the described flow container that draws through the second liquid-inlet pipe;
The described described flow container that draws of liquid outflow that draws enters described distillation device by the 3rd liquid-inlet pipe, flows out described distillation device and enters the described flow container that draws through the 3rd drain pipe;
The described liquid that sees through enters described distillation device through described the 4th liquid-inlet pipe, flows out described distillation device through the 4th drain pipe.
According to the present invention, the described stock liquid that needs to desalinate is seawater or brackish water.
According to the present invention, described forward osmosis membrane be for positive process of osmosis only allow water molecules by and other ion is all had a polymeric membrane for separation of higher interception capacity.
According to the present invention, the described liquid that draws is single solute solution, and osmotic pressure is greater than the described osmotic pressure that needs the stock liquid of desalination.In another preference, describedly draw seawater or the high single solute solution of brackish water that liquid refers to the more required desalination of a kind of osmotic pressure, as near the high salt concentration solution (comprising the salts solutions such as sodium salt solution, potassium salt soln, magnesium salt solution) of saturation ratio, near carbohydrate macromole solution (comprising glucose solution, sucrose solution, lactose solution, maltose solution etc.) of saturation ratio etc.In another preference, the described liquid that draws is the salts solutions such as the KCl salts solution near the 3-5M of saturation ratio, the KBr solution of 3-6M, the MgCl2 solution of 3-6M or the glucose solution of 3-5M, the saccharide solutions such as sucrose solution of 3-6M.
According to the present invention, described positive permeator is closed unit, comprises two film chambers, is positioned at the both sides of described forward osmosis membrane.
Described two film chambers allow respectively stock liquid, draw liquid flows therein.
According to the present invention, described distillation device allows described liquid circulation, the device that a side allows water to circulate of drawing for membrane distillation process, a side under room temperature.
According to the present invention, on described the first liquid-inlet pipe, pump is set; And/or
On described the second liquid-inlet pipe, pump is set; And/or
On described the 3rd drain pipe, pump is set; And/or
On described the 4th liquid-inlet pipe, pump is set.
The pump that arranges on described the first liquid-inlet pipe and the second liquid-inlet pipe refers to a kind ofly can to make stock liquid, draws the power set that liquid circulates in positive permeator, as peristaltic pump.The pump that arranges on described the 3rd drain pipe and the 4th liquid-inlet pipe refers to that a kind of can making draw liquid and see through the power set that liquid circulates in distillation device, as recycle pump.
A second aspect of the present invention provides the using method of low pressure sea water desalinating plant, comprising:
(a) in the stock liquid such as seawater or brackish water charging feedstock flow container with required desalination, the solution of the single solute of high density is packed into draw in flow container, two kinds of solution is under the drive of pump, the forward osmosis membrane both sides in positive permeator circulate in the mode of cross-flow;
(b) under the effect of permeable pressure head, the water molecules in stock liquid sees through forward osmosis membrane and is diffused into to draw to make in liquid and draws liquid and diluted;
(c) liquid that draws after the dilution passes through distillation device under the drive of pump, under the effect of steam pressure difference, the water molecules that draws in liquid obtains fresh water by the membrane distillation film in seeing through flow container, and the liquid that draws of dilution is concentrated simultaneously, turns back in positive process of osmosis to be recycled.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a kind of low pressure method for desalting seawater, comprising:
(a) with seawater or brackish water through positive osmotic treated, what obtain diluting draws liquid;
(b) liquid that draws that step (a) is obtained diluting is processed through membrane distillation, obtains fresh water.
The present invention carries out combination with positive process of osmosis and membrane distillation process, by positive process of osmosis, the water molecules in stock liquid being seen through forward osmosis membrane is diffused into to draw to make in liquid and draws liquid and diluted, utilize membrane distillation that the liquid that draws of dilution is processed, can obtain required fresh water on the one hand, the salt extrusion rate reaches more than 99%, can make on the other hand the liquid that draws that dilutes in positive process of osmosis obtain concentrated it being recycled in the membrane distillation rules.Film combined system of the present invention has higher separation performance, operation is easier, energy consumption is lower, easier industrialization.
In should be understood that within the scope of the present invention, above-mentioned each technical characterictic of the present invention and can making up mutually between specifically described each technical characterictic in below (eg embodiment), thus consist of new or preferred technical scheme.As space is limited, this tired stating no longer one by one.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of low pressure sea water desalinating plant.
Embodiment
The contriver is through extensive and deep research, the unexpected discovery: forward osmosis membrane device and distillation device are carried out coupling, seawater is desalinated processing, can realize under the condition of low pressure, seawater being desalinated processing, the decreasing ratio of salt in seawater is reached more than 99%.On this basis, completed the present invention.
Unless otherwise defined, the same meaning that all specialties and scientific words and the one skilled in the art who uses in literary composition is familiar with.In addition, any method similar or impartial to described content and material all can be applicable in the inventive method.The use that better implementation method described in literary composition and material only present a demonstration.
Just permeate (Forward Osmosis, FO)
" infiltration " claims again just to permeate in sea water desaltination, desalination, water treatment field, is a pair of method reciprocal with reverse osmosis.Utilize the permeable pressure head of film both sides solution to make water molecules see through film from the lower side of osmotic pressure and be diffused into the higher side of osmotic pressure, a side solution that wherein has than Hyposmolality is stock liquid, has solution than high osmotic pressure for drawing liquid.
Membrane distillation (Membrane Distillation, MD)
The membrane distillation process is the membrane process that utilizes the vapour pressure deficit of film both sides solution to separate, under the effect of vapour pressure deficit, volatile constituent in feed liquid sees through film with vapor form and makes material be separated, and obtains required fresh water in the opposite side stream molecule condensation of film.
Adopt separately the membrane distillation process to carry out water treatment, lower due to capacity usage ratio in its process, film is polluted the shortcoming such as comparatively serious make that compare membrane distillation process competitive power with other water treatment procedure little.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used for explanation the present invention and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example is usually according to normal condition or the condition of advising according to manufacturer.
The low pressure sea water desalinating plant
As shown in Figure 1, low pressure sea water desalinating plant provided by the invention comprises:
Raw material flow container 1 is used for the stock liquid that splendid attire need to be desalinated;
See through flow container 5, be used for the fresh water that splendid attire obtains after desalination;
Forward osmosis membrane device 2 comprises forward osmosis membrane 20, and is connected with described raw material flow container 1 by the first liquid-inlet pipe 21, the first drain pipe 31 at the described positive permeator 2 of the Hyposmolality side of described forward osmosis membrane 20;
Described stock liquid enters forward osmosis membrane device 2 through the first liquid-inlet pipe 21, flows out forward osmosis membrane device 2 through the first drain pipe 31; The described described flow container 3 that draws of liquid outflow that draws enters described forward osmosis membrane device 2 by the second drain pipe 32, and the described liquid that draws that flows out forward osmosis membrane device 2 enters the described flow container 3 that draws through the second liquid-inlet pipe 22; The described described flow container 3 that draws of liquid outflow that draws enters described distillation device 4 by the 3rd liquid-inlet pipe 23, and the described liquid that draws that flows out described distillation device 4 enters the described flow container 3 that draws through the 3rd drain pipe 33; The described liquid that sees through enters described distillation device 4 through described the 4th liquid-inlet pipe 24, flows out described distillation device 4 through the 4th drain pipe 34.
Wherein, the described stock liquid that needs to desalinate is seawater or brackish water.
Described forward osmosis membrane 20 be for positive process of osmosis only allow water molecules by and other ion is all had a polymeric membrane for separation of higher interception capacity, the separatory membranes that salt and macromole had higher rejection as a series of in cellulose acetate forward osmosis membrane, the compound forward osmosis membrane of polymeric amide and commodity nanofiltration membrane etc.
The described liquid that draws is single solute solution, and osmotic pressure is greater than the described osmotic pressure that needs the stock liquid of desalination.In another preference, describedly draw seawater or the much bigger single solute solution of high density of brackish water that liquid refers to the more required desalination of a kind of osmotic pressure, as high salt concentration solution (as sodium salt, sylvite, magnesium salts, lithium salts etc.), carbohydrate macromole solution (as glucose, sucrose, lactose, maltose etc.) etc.
Described positive permeator 2 is closed unit, comprises two film chambers 30,40, is positioned at the both sides of described forward osmosis membrane.Described two film chambers 30,40 allow respectively stock liquid, draw liquid flows therein, in the mode of cross-flow.
Described distillation device allows described liquid circulation, the device that a side allows water to circulate of drawing for membrane distillation process, a side under room temperature.
In low pressure sea water desalinating plant of the present invention, on described the first liquid-inlet pipe 21, pump 6 is set, described stock liquid is delivered into forward osmosis membrane device 2 by raw material flow container 1 through the first liquid-inlet pipe 21;
On described the second liquid-inlet pipe 22, pump 6 is set, the described liquid that draws that flows out forward osmosis membrane device 2 is delivered into the described flow container 3 that draws through the second liquid-inlet pipe 22;
On described the 3rd drain pipe 33, pump 9 is set, the described liquid that draws that flows out described distillation device 4 is delivered into the described flow container 3 that draws through the 3rd drain pipe 33;
On described the 4th liquid-inlet pipe 24, pump 9 is set, the described liquid that sees through is delivered into described distillation device 4 through described the 4th liquid-inlet pipe 24.
Wherein, described pump 6 refers to a kind ofly can to make stock liquid, draws the power set that liquid circulates in positive permeator, as peristaltic pump; Pump 9 refers to that a kind of can making draw liquid and see through the power set that liquid circulates in distillation device, as recycle pump.
The using method of low pressure sea water desalinating plant
In the raw material flow container of device of the present invention, the seawater of required desalination is by positive permeator, in the solution of the single solute that during the process forward osmosis membrane under the effect of permeable pressure head of the water molecules in seawater is diffused into and draws flow container, a kind of concentration is higher, then this draws liquid and enters into distillation device as the stock liquid of membrane distillation process and process, and obtains required fresh water through the membrane distillation process and draw simultaneously liquid and recycled in obtaining being concentrated in positive process of osmosis in seeing through flow container.Concrete, the invention provides the using method of low pressure sea water desalinating plant, comprising:
(a) in the stock liquid such as seawater or brackish water charging feedstock flow container 1 with required desalination, the solution of the single solute of high density is packed into draw in flow container 2, two kinds of solution is under the drive of pump 6, forward osmosis membrane 20 both sides in positive permeator 2 circulate in the mode of cross-flow;
(b) under the effect of permeable pressure head, the water molecules in stock liquid sees through forward osmosis membrane 20 and is diffused into to draw to make in liquid and draws liquid and diluted;
(c) liquid that draws after the dilution passes through distillation device 4 under the drive of pump 9, under the effect of steam pressure difference, the water molecules that draws in liquid obtains fresh water by the membrane distillation film in seeing through flow container 5, and the liquid that draws of dilution is concentrated simultaneously, turns back in positive permeator 2 to be recycled.
The low pressure method for desalting seawater
Low pressure method for desalting seawater provided by the invention comprises step:
(a) with seawater or brackish water through positive osmotic treated, what obtain diluting draws liquid;
(b) liquid that draws that step (a) is obtained diluting is processed through membrane distillation, obtains fresh water.
The invention provides and a kind of positive process of osmosis and membrane distillation process are carried out the device that coupling is desalinated seawater, realization is desalinated processing to seawater under the condition of low pressure, water molecules in seawater is transferred in the solution of another kind of single solute by positive process of osmosis, and the organic substance in seawater and inorganic salts can reach holding back of higher degree, then by the membrane distillation process, single solute solution are processed obtaining fresh water.Process through device of the present invention the high-quality fresh water that seawater or brackish water can obtain higher standard, ratio of desalinization reaches more than 99%, is just permeating and only adopt, and ratio of desalinization approximately 95% is difficult to further improve ratio of desalinization.
Positive process of osmosis mainly utilizes the permeable pressure head of forward osmosis membrane both sides solution to carry out separating substances, the membrane distillation process mainly utilizes the vapour pressure deficit of film both sides solution to separate, and two kinds of processes all do not need impressed pressure or only need very low pressure just can move.Device of the present invention is realized under the condition of low pressure, seawater, brackish water being desalinated processing by with positive process of osmosis and the coupling of membrane distillation process, the process energy consumption is low, desalinating cost is low, effluent quality is good, process to the pollution of film less, be easy to industrialization.
The above-mentioned feature that the present invention mentions, or the feature that embodiment mentions can arbitrary combination.All features that this case specification sheets discloses can with any composition forms and use, each feature that discloses in specification sheets can anyly provide the alternative characteristics of identical, impartial or similar purpose to replace.Therefore except special instruction is arranged, the feature that discloses is only the general example of equalization or similar features.
All quote in this application as a reference at all documents that the present invention mentions, just as each piece document is quoted separately as a reference.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after having read above-mentioned teachings of the present invention, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
Claims (10)
1. a low pressure sea water desalinating plant, is characterized in that, described device comprises:
The raw material flow container is used for the stock liquid that splendid attire need to be desalinated;
See through flow container, be used for the fresh water that splendid attire obtains after desalination;
The forward osmosis membrane device comprises forward osmosis membrane, and is connected with described raw material flow container by the first liquid-inlet pipe, the first drain pipe at the described positive permeator of the Hyposmolality side of described forward osmosis membrane;
Draw flow container, be used for splendid attire and draw liquid, the described flow container that draws is connected with described positive permeator by the second liquid-inlet pipe, the second drain pipe in the high osmotic pressure side of described forward osmosis membrane, and the mode with cross-flow circulates in the both sides of described forward osmosis membrane with drawing liquid to make described stock liquid;
Distillation device, a side at film is connected with the described flow container that draws by the 3rd liquid-inlet pipe, the 3rd drain pipe, and on described the 3rd liquid-inlet pipe, well heater is set, opposite side at film is connected with the described flow container that sees through by the 4th liquid-inlet pipe, the 4th drain pipe, and on described the 4th drain pipe, condenser is set, makes and describedly draw liquid and describedly see through liquid the mode with cross-flow circulates in the both sides of film.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described stock liquid enters the forward osmosis membrane device through the first liquid-inlet pipe, flows out the forward osmosis membrane device through the first drain pipe;
The described described flow container that draws of liquid outflow that draws enters described forward osmosis membrane device by the second drain pipe, flows out the forward osmosis membrane device and enters the described flow container that draws through the second liquid-inlet pipe;
The described described flow container that draws of liquid outflow that draws enters described distillation device by the 3rd liquid-inlet pipe, flows out described distillation device and enters the described flow container that draws through the 3rd drain pipe;
The described liquid that sees through enters described distillation device through described the 4th liquid-inlet pipe, flows out described distillation device through the 4th drain pipe.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described stock liquid that needs to desalinate is seawater or brackish water.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described forward osmosis membrane be for positive process of osmosis only allow water molecules by and other ion is all had a polymeric membrane for separation of higher interception capacity.
5. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described liquid that draws is single solute solution, and osmotic pressure is greater than the described osmotic pressure that needs the stock liquid of desalination.
6. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described positive permeator is closed unit, comprises two film chambers, is positioned at the both sides of described forward osmosis membrane.
Described two film chambers allow respectively stock liquid, draw liquid flows therein.
7. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described distillation device allows described liquid circulation, the device that a side allows water to circulate of drawing for membrane distillation process, a side under room temperature.
8. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, on described the first liquid-inlet pipe, pump is set; And/or
On described the second liquid-inlet pipe, pump is set; And/or
On described the 3rd drain pipe, pump is set; And/or
On described the 4th liquid-inlet pipe, pump is set.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the pump that arranges on described the first liquid-inlet pipe, the second liquid-inlet pipe is peristaltic pump.
10. device as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the pump that arranges on described the 3rd drain pipe, the 4th liquid-inlet pipe is recycle pump.
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