CN108469426B - Coaxial included-angle-free pumping detection method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pumping detection method and a pumping detection system with coaxial pump light and probe light without included angles, which are used for optical nonlinear detection, wherein a laser beam is divided into two beams, one beam with high light intensity is the pumping light, the other beam with low light intensity is the probe light, and the pumping light is focused on a nonlinear sample to be detected through time delay, so that the nonlinear sample in a ground state generates nonlinear absorption; the detection light passes through a concentric baffle plate and then is converged on the nonlinear sample to be detected by a lens, the emergent pump light is shielded by a second concentric baffle plate, and the detection light completely enters the detector after passing through the second baffle plate; the distance between a baffle in front of the lens and a baffle behind the lens in the detection light path and the lens accords with the lens imaging rule, the radius of the baffle in front of the lens is larger than the radius of a reflector of the pump light, and the radius of the rear baffle can completely block the pump light and enable the detection light to completely pass through; the transient optical nonlinear absorption dynamics of the material can be coaxially measured by the pump light and the probe light without a polaroid and a filter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nonlinear optical physical mechanism for researching materials and a device for measuring optical physical parameters of the nonlinear optical physical mechanism, belonging to the field of nonlinear photonic materials and nonlinear optical information processing.
Background
With the rapid development of technologies in the fields of optical communication, optical information processing, and the like, the research on nonlinear optical materials is becoming more and more important. The realization of functions such as optical logic, optical memory, phototriode, optical switch and phase complex conjugate mainly depends on the research progress of nonlinear optical materials. The optical non-linear measurement technique is one of the key techniques for studying non-linear optical materials, wherein the optical non-linear mechanism of the material is clarified, and how to accurately determine the important physical parameters of the material is very important for how to apply the material. The Z scanning method (Mansoor Sheik-Bahae, Ali A. Said, Tai-Hui Wei, David J. Hagan, E.W.Van Stryland. "Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam", IEEE J. Quantum electric, 26,760- "1990) is the most commonly used method for measuring optical nonlinearity of a material with a single beam, and the method is proposed on the basis of the beam distortion measuring method, and has the advantages of simple optical path, simple processing method, high measuring precision and capability of simultaneously measuring nonlinear absorption and refraction. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the optical nonlinear mechanism of the material and the corresponding important optical physical parameters of the material.
On the basis of Z-scan, J.Wang et al, 1994 proposed a Time-resolved Z-scan technique (J.Wang, M.Sheik-Bahae, A.A.Said, D.J.Hagan, and E.W.Van Stryland, "Time-resolved Z-scan measurements of optical nonlinearities", J.Opt.Soc.Am.B,11, 1009-Amp 1017, 1994). The method determines the mechanism of the optical nonlinearity of the material and the important optical physical parameters of each energy level by analyzing the change condition of the phase and the intensity of the detection light at different moments of the sample emergence. However, this method is troublesome when measuring the characteristics of the nonlinear refraction of the sample changing with time, and the error is large, which is expressed as: (1) when the time characteristic of the nonlinear absorption of the sample is measured, the sample is respectively placed at two positions to measure the nonlinear refraction time characteristic, and finally the influence of the nonlinear absorption is removed. (2) The measurement of the nonlinear absorption and the nonlinear refraction time characteristics cannot be performed simultaneously, and a large measurement error is caused because the spatial distribution and the energy of the laser are different at different moments. In addition, although the method adopts a coaxial pumping detection mode, the coaxial pumping detection method of the method utilizes a polaroid or an optical filter, and the corresponding polaroid or optical filter needs to be replaced aiming at the laser with different wavelengths. If a polarizer is used, the angle between the pump light and the probe light can only be 90 °. If the optical filter is used, the laser wavelengths of the two optical paths cannot be the same, and only a non-degenerate pumping detection method can be adopted, so that degenerate pumping detection cannot be realized.
In addition, there is a phase object pumping detection technology (Junyi Yang, Yinglin Song, Yuxiao Wang, Changwei Li, Xiao Jin, and Min Shui, "Time-resolved pump-probe technology with phase objects for measuring optical nonlinearities", Optics Express 17, 7110 and 7116(2009)) which can measure transient nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction simultaneously, that is, on the basis of the original conventional pumping detection system, a phase object is added at the position of the front focal plane of the lens of the detection optical path, but the method has a certain angle between the pumping light and the detection light, and cannot realize the coaxiality of the pumping light and the detection light.
To overcome some of the above disadvantages of these techniques, the present invention provides a coaxial pump detection method that can measure the transient absorption optical nonlinear dynamics of materials without the need for polarizers and filters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the delay line structure of a mobile platform in the traditional pump detection is complex and system errors are easily introduced; the method is used for detecting the optical nonlinear material; the optical nonlinear mechanism of the material is determined more accurately by utilizing the coaxiality of the pump light and the probe light, and important nonlinear optical parameters of the material can be measured accurately at the same time.
A coaxial non-included angle pumping detection method divides a laser beam into two beams, wherein one beam with high light intensity is pumping light, and the other beam with high light intensity is detection light; after passing through the time delay assembly, the pump light is coupled into a light path sharing the same optical axis with the detection light by using a reflector group, and is focused onto the nonlinear sample to be detected by using a converging lens, so that the nonlinear sample to be detected in the ground state generates nonlinear absorption; the converging lens converges the detection light on the nonlinear sample to be detected; and receiving detection light emitted from the nonlinear sample by using a detector, carrying out data processing on a light spot image collected by the detector, and analyzing a nonlinear absorption time characteristic curve of the sample to be detected. The reflector group is a reflector combination which consists of a plurality of reflectors and is used for turning light to a specific direction for propagation. Preferably: and removing the sample to be detected, and collecting the light spot image after the sample to be detected is removed by using the detector. By analyzing the light spots collected and collected by the detector after the sample is removed, the system error introduced by the testing environment can be eliminated by a difference method, and the testing precision is further improved.
The time delay assembly is formed by combining two reflectors and a reflecting prism, the direction of the pump light is changed by the reflectors, the distance between the reflecting prism and the reflectors is adjusted, the traveling distance of the pump light is changed, and therefore the delay time can be adjusted. The time delay component can also be a time delay reflector and a time delay window.
The moving range of the reflecting prism is 0-22.5 cm, and the time delay range is-200 ps-1.3 ns.
The first concentric baffle and the second concentric baffle are arranged on two sides of the convergent lens, the distance between the first concentric baffle and the second concentric baffle and the convergent lens accords with a lens imaging rule, the first concentric baffle is used for shielding part of detection light so that the pump light coupled to the optical axis which is coaxial with the detection light is focused on a nonlinear sample to be detected by the convergent lens, the second concentric baffle is used for shielding the pump light emitted from the nonlinear sample, and edge detection light which is not shielded by the first concentric baffle passes through the nonlinear sample to be detected and is received by a detector.
The diameter of the first concentric baffle is larger than the diameter of the section of the pump light, and the diameter of the second concentric baffle is larger than the diameter of the section of the pump light at the position.
The specific measurement steps using the method are as follows:
(1) placing a sample to be detected, and collecting the energy of the detection light at different delay moments by using a detector respectively;
(2) and processing the obtained detection light energy curves with different delay times to obtain the optical nonlinear parameters of the required detection material.
In the above technical solution, the processing in the step (2) includes making a normalized variation curve of the transmission energy with the delay time, and fitting the variation curve of the normalized transmission energy with the delay time to obtain the size and the lifetime of the optical parameter related to the nonlinear absorption.
The probe light and the pump light are focused on a sample to be detected, and the optical axis included angle (alpha) of the probe light and the pump light is zero.
The coaxial included-angle-free pumping detection system comprises a laser, a beam splitter, a time delay assembly, a reflector group, a converging lens and a detector; the method is characterized in that: laser beams emitted by the laser are incident to the beam splitter and are divided into pump light and probe light; the pump light is coupled to a light path sharing the optical axis with the detection light by a reflector group after passing through the time delay assembly; the converging lens focuses the pump light onto the nonlinear sample to be detected, so that the nonlinear sample to be detected in the ground state generates nonlinear absorption; the converging lens converges the detection light on the nonlinear sample to be detected; the detector receives detection light emitted from the nonlinear sample.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the particles in the ground state of the nonlinear sample after being excited by the pump light jump to the excited state, and the change of the population number distribution of the particles leads to the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction response to the incident light; the particle population is changed with time, so that the influence on the detection light at different moments is different, the particle population condition in the sample at the moment can be known from the change of the phase and the intensity of the sample detection light beam, and the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction time characteristic curves of the sample can be simultaneously measured by analyzing the conditions of the detection light at different moments, so that the absorption section, the service life and the refraction volume of each energy level can be determined. The measuring system provided by the method greatly reduces the requirement on the light path, and the pumping light and the detection light can coaxially pass through a sample to be measured, so that the overlapping area of the pumping light and the detection light is greatly increased; the sample does not need to be moved during the measurement.
The method of the invention realizes the measurement of the nonlinear material parameters by a brand new thought, and compared with other nonlinear optical measurement technologies, the method has the following advantages:
1. the measurement is very convenient, no sample moves, and the theoretical model is simple.
2. The method can realize the transient optical nonlinear absorption dynamics of the coaxial measurement material of the pump light and the probe light without a polaroid and a filter.
3. Although there is no included angle between the pumping light and the detecting light in the method, the pumping light and the detecting light can be separated after passing through the sample, so that the method is very convenient when the detector is used for receiving signals. The method can conveniently realize the arbitrary combination of the polarization directions of the pump light and the probe light, and can realize the arbitrary wavelength combination, namely the degenerate and the nondegenerate pump detection technology is covered.
5. The measuring method can be widely applied to the research fields of nonlinear optical measurement, nonlinear photonics materials, nonlinear optical information processing, photonics devices and the like, particularly to the key links of testing, modification and the like of nonlinear optical functional materials; in addition, the method has simple requirements on the quality and the light path of the laser and has quick test speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial non-included angle pump detection method;
FIG. 2 is a graph of normalized transmittance versus delay time;
wherein: 1. an incident laser beam; 2. a beam splitter; 3. detecting a light path; 4. a pump optical path; 5. a first reflector; 6. a second reflecting prism; 7. a third reflector; 8. a fourth mirror; 9. a fifth mirror; 10. a first convex lens; 11. a second convex lens; 12. a first baffle plate; 13. a sixth mirror; 14. a third convex lens; 15. a sample to be tested; 16. a small aperture diaphragm; 17. a second baffle; 18. a fourth convex lens; 19. and a detector.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the first embodiment is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, a coaxial included-angle-free pump detection method is based on a detection light path 3 and a pump light path 4, the pump light path is composed of a reflector, a right-angle prism and a convex lens, and the reflector prism can be moved back and forth to change the delay time of pump light; the detection light path consists of a reflector, a baffle, a convex lens, a small hole and a detector; the pumping light path and the detection light path are focused on the sample to be detected simultaneously.
The laser pulse 1 is divided into a detection light path 3 and a pumping light path 4 by a beam splitter 2, the direction of the detection light path 3 is changed by a fifth reflector 9, after being expanded by a first convex lens 10 and a second convex lens 11, a part of light in the middle is blocked by a first baffle 12 coaxial with the light beam, an edge light beam passes through a sixth reflector 13, then passes through a third convex lens 14 and is focused on a sample 15 to be detected, and after passing through a small-hole diaphragm 16 and a second baffle 17, the edge light beam is converged by a fourth convex lens 18 and then is detected by a detector 19; the pumping light path 4 passes through a delay platform formed by a first reflector 5, a second reflector prism 6 and a third reflector 7, changes the propagation direction by a fourth reflector 8 and a sixth reflector 13, then is focused on a sample 15 to be measured by a third convex lens 14, and is completely blocked by a second baffle 17 after passing through the sample. The particles of the sample 15 to be detected in the ground state are excited by the pump light to transition to the excited state, the absorption of the detection light path 3 is affected by the distribution change of the particle population number, and the detection light path 3 at different moments can be affected differently by translating the second reflecting prism 6 back and forth due to the fact that the particle population number changes constantly along with time, and the particles are received by the detector 19.
In this embodiment, the laser beam is Nd: 532nm laser with pulse width of 21ps after frequency multiplication by YAG laser (Ekspla, PL 2143B). Two probes of type (Rjp-765energyprobe) were connected to an energy meter (Rj-7620 energyratiome, Laserprobe). The sample to be tested is sulfonated copper-cyanide (CuPcTs), the linear absorption at 532nm is very weak, and the sample is excited optical nonlinearity.
The specific detection steps are as follows: (1) a detector 19 is placed at the position of the sample 15 and measures the energy of the pump light. (2) The sample 15 is placed, the second reflecting prism 6 is translated back and forth, and the energy of the detection light with different delay times is continuously recorded. (3) An aperture normalized transmitted energy normalization is plotted against delay time.
The experimental and theoretical calculations for nonlinear measurements of CuPcTs are detailed below:
the propagation of detection light in the sample is satisfied by considering the slowly varying amplitude approximation and the thin sample approximation
Δ n is the refractive index change, Δ α is the absorption coefficient change, and the optical path of the z' laser light propagating in the sample. In the case of a sample of a solution of CuPcTs,
Δα＝σ0N0+σ1N1 (3)
Δn＝Δη1N1 (4)
in the formula, N0，N1Population of particles in a ground state and a first excited state, respectively; sigma0，σ1Absorption cross sections of a ground state and a first excited state, respectively; Δ η1Is the difference between the refractive volume of the first excited state and the refractive volume of the ground state.
Since the probe light is much weaker than the pump light in the pump experiment, it can be considered that the particle distribution data on the excited state is generated by the pump light
N00The population of particles at ground state initiation.
The intensity of the pump light after passing through each layer of the sample varies as:
FIG. 2 is a graph of the absorption results of pump probes for CuPcTs solutions. Initially, the absorption of the solution increases rapidly with time, mainly due to the absorption of the first excited state, indicating an absorption cross section σ of the first excited state1Absorption cross section sigma of ground state0Is large. When the pump pulse light passes through the sample, the transmittance of the probe light is not recovered and is kept unchanged, and a section of low and unchanged transmittance is obtained. This is mainly because the energy level lifetime of the first excited state is long, the particle population is constant, and the absorption cross section σ of the first excited state is1Absorption cross section sigma of ground state0The reason is large. By fitting the absorption pump probe curve in FIG. 2, the absorption cross section of the first excited state is σ1＝89.5×10-22m2。
The invention provides a pumping detection method for coaxial non-included angle of pumping light and probe light, which is used for optical nonlinear detection of materials. The optical nonlinear mechanism of the material can be more accurately determined by utilizing the coaxiality of the pump light and the probe light, and important nonlinear optical parameters of the material can be simultaneously and accurately measured. Dividing a laser beam into two beams, wherein one beam with high light intensity is pumping light, the other beam with low light intensity is detection light, and the pumping light is focused on a sample to be detected through time delay, so that the nonlinear sample in a ground state generates nonlinear absorption; the detection light passes through a concentric baffle plate and then is converged on a sample to be detected by a lens, the emergent pump light is shielded by a second concentric baffle plate, and the detection light completely enters a detector D after passing through the second baffle plate. The distance between the baffle in front of the lens and the baffle behind the lens in the detection light path to the lens accords with the lens imaging rule. And the radius of the baffle in front of the lens is larger than the radius of the reflector of the pump light, and the radius of the rear baffle can completely block the pump light and enable the probe light to completely pass through. The method is very convenient to measure, no sample moves, and the theoretical model is simple. The method can realize the transient optical nonlinear absorption dynamics of the coaxial measurement material of the pump light and the probe light without a polaroid and a filter. The method can conveniently realize the arbitrary combination of the polarization directions of the pump light and the detection light, and simultaneously realize the arbitrary wavelength combination of the pump light and the detection light.
The technical solution is not described in detail and belongs to the technology known to the skilled person.
Claims (8)
1. A coaxial non-included angle pumping detection method divides a laser beam into two beams, wherein one beam with high light intensity is pumping light, and the other beam with high light intensity is detection light; after passing through the time delay assembly, the pump light is coupled into a light path sharing the same optical axis with the detection light by using a reflector group, and is focused onto the nonlinear sample to be detected by using a converging lens, so that the nonlinear sample to be detected in the ground state generates nonlinear absorption; the converging lens converges the detection light on the nonlinear sample to be detected; receiving detection light emitted from a nonlinear sample by using a detector, carrying out data processing on a light spot image acquired by the detector, and analyzing a nonlinear absorption time characteristic curve of the sample to be detected;
the first concentric baffle and the second concentric baffle are arranged on two sides of the convergent lens, the distance between the first concentric baffle and the second concentric baffle and the convergent lens accords with a lens imaging rule, the first concentric baffle is used for shielding part of detection light so that the pump light coupled to the optical axis which is coaxial with the detection light is focused on a nonlinear sample to be detected by the convergent lens, the second concentric baffle is used for shielding the pump light emitted from the nonlinear sample, and edge detection light which is not shielded by the first concentric baffle passes through the nonlinear sample to be detected and is received by a detector.
2. The coaxial included-angle-free pump detection method of claim 1, wherein: and removing the sample to be detected, and collecting the light spot image after the sample to be detected is removed by using the detector.
3. The coaxial included-angle-free pump detection method of claim 1, wherein: the time delay assembly is formed by combining two reflectors and a reflecting prism, the direction of the pump light is changed by the reflectors, the distance between the reflecting prism and the reflectors is adjusted, the traveling distance of the pump light is changed, and therefore the delay time can be adjusted.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the moving range of the reflecting prism is 0-22.5 cm, and the time delay range is-200 ps-1.3 ns.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the first concentric baffle is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the pump light, and the diameter of the second concentric baffle is larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the pump light at the position.
6. A coaxial included-angle-free pumping detection system comprises a laser, a beam splitter, a time delay assembly, a reflector group, a converging lens and a detector; the method is characterized in that: laser beams emitted by the laser are incident to the beam splitter and are divided into pump light and probe light; the pump light is coupled to a light path sharing the optical axis with the detection light by a reflector group after passing through the time delay assembly; the converging lens focuses the pump light onto the nonlinear sample to be detected, so that the nonlinear sample to be detected in the ground state generates nonlinear absorption; the converging lens converges the detection light on the nonlinear sample to be detected; the detector receives detection light emitted from the nonlinear sample; the first concentric baffle and the second concentric baffle are arranged on two sides of the convergent lens, the distance between the first concentric baffle and the second concentric baffle and the convergent lens accords with a lens imaging rule, the first concentric baffle is used for shielding part of detection light so that the pump light coupled to the optical axis which is coaxial with the detection light is focused on a nonlinear sample to be detected by the convergent lens, the second concentric baffle is used for shielding the pump light emitted from the nonlinear sample, and edge detection light which is not shielded by the first concentric baffle passes through the nonlinear sample to be detected and is received by a detector.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the time delay unit comprises two mirrors and a prism.
8. The coaxial non-angled pump detection system of claim 6, wherein the first concentric baffle has a diameter greater than a cross-sectional diameter of the pump light and the second concentric baffle has a diameter greater than the cross-sectional diameter of the pump light at the location.
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| CN110146410B (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-06-12 | 上海交通大学 | Atomic density and population number measuring device and method based on differential absorption method |
| CN110609013B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2024-03-01 | 吉林大学 | Coaxial transmission type transient absorption measuring device suitable for ultrahigh pressure microcavity system |
| CN111220573B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-11-18 | 江苏大学 | Nonlinear optical absorption cross section measuring method |
| CN111220572B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2022-09-13 | 江苏大学 | Nonlinear optical pumping detection device |
| CN113075131A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Sub-cycle pumping detection system based on time resolution |
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