CN108468219A - 一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺 - Google Patents

一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺 Download PDF

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CN108468219A
CN108468219A CN201810283637.4A CN201810283637A CN108468219A CN 108468219 A CN108468219 A CN 108468219A CN 201810283637 A CN201810283637 A CN 201810283637A CN 108468219 A CN108468219 A CN 108468219A
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Abstract

一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺，其特征在于：所述建筑用室内壁纸具有纺织层，在对纺织层进行图案印染或涂覆之后，利用荧光去除剂进行去除荧光操作。

Description

一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺
本申请是申请号为2016101238124，发明名称为一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺，申请日为20160306的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺，属于建筑设施处理的技术领域。
背景技术
随着社会经济的发展，人们生活水平日益提高，对建筑物室内装修的要求也有所提高，目前很多人群已经不满足于在室内墙壁上刷漆等，而要贴上壁纸，以显高档。
然而，壁纸的基材往往是无纺布等纺织品，壁纸的喷涂，制备等常会带来一些甲醛，苯等污染品，而在壁纸基材制作过程中，往往会有荧光剂的产生。经研究，荧光剂使用不当具有极大的危害，不像一般化学成分那样容易被分解，而是在人体内蓄积，产生许多有害的物质，大大消减人体免疫力。荧光剂与伤口外的蛋白质结合，还会阻碍伤口的愈合，使人体细胞出现变异性倾向，其毒性累积在肝脏或其它重要器官，会成为潜在的致癌因素。若是壁纸上残留有荧光剂，而使皮肤接触到荧光物质，此时皮肤表面含有蛋白质的角质就会跟荧光剂结合对皮肤产生刺激，引发过敏及发痒，增加过敏性皮炎的发病机会。因此，纺织制品中，由于原料中混入荧光物质、或在加工中沾附荧光增白剂、或者不当添加荧光增白剂而带有荧光，经常需要加以去除。目前对荧光物质消除的方法的报道多见于纸张回收处理，对壁纸等纺织品上荧光增白剂的消除方法尚无公开报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺，通过化学和物理两种消除方法相结合，既能够破坏壁纸生产中常见的荧光增白剂的发色体系，彻底消除荧光作用，也能够实现对壁纸强力损伤最小化。
为解决上述问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺，其特征在于：所述建筑用室内壁纸具有纺织层，在对纺织层进行图案印染或涂覆之后，利用荧光去除剂进行去除荧光操作。
上述利用荧光去除剂进行去除荧光操作的时机也可以在对纺织层进行图案印染或涂覆之前。
优选的，所述荧光去除剂含有以下质量份的组分：二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵120-150份、丙烯酰胺69-70份、硼氢化钠或亚硫酸钠3-8份、烯丙基磺酸钠或巯基乙醇0.7-0.8份、聚天冬氨酸0.2-0.5份、亚氯酸钠1-2份、铝盐2-3份、聚胺0.1-0.2份。
优选的，所述荧光去除剂由以下步骤制成，在带有搅拌器、冷凝器、温度计及氮气接口的容器内加入二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺，搅拌通入氮气，加入铝盐搅拌溶解，在70-90℃下加入硼氢化钠或亚硫酸钠，用无机酸调节pH值至4-5，保持15-30min，最后加入剩余组分。
得到的荧光去除剂，其固含量为40-50wt％，25℃下粘度为60-780cps。其中铝盐为硫酸铝或氯化铝。
优选的，所述建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺包括以下步骤：
1.用渗透剂JFC处理待处理壁纸表面，浸轧润湿；
2.在50-60℃下浸轧所述荧光去除剂，以2-3℃/min的温度升温至70℃，保温运转，加入纯碱，保温20-30min；
3.冷热水交替洗涤三次，然后借助经清洁的气体(经过滤的压缩空气、CO2、诸如半导体品质的氮气的惰性的气体或其混合物)以大于2m/s、优选大于10m/s、更优选大于100m/s的速度鼓吹至待处理壁纸表面上；
或者借助经清洁的气体(经过滤的压缩空气、CO2、诸如半导体品质的氮气的惰性的气体或其混合物)在1至20巴、优选3至10巴的压力下将干冰颗粒在喷嘴中进行加速，并以大于2m/s、优选大于10m/s、更优选大于100m/s的速度由此鼓吹至待处理壁纸表面上；
4.经过步骤3后的纺织品浸入纯碱溶液，室温下浸渍2-5min，加入柠檬酸1-2g/L，随后清水洗涤，可以消除壁纸上的荧光。
作为压缩空气可以使用空气、二氧化碳或者其他惰性的气体，如氮气或氩气。还可以考虑任意的气体混合物，或者具有额外的化学清洁作用的气体添加剂，如臭氧。优选以1至20巴、更优选5至10巴的气体压力进行干冰颗粒的喷嘴加速。或者以至少2m/s、优选大于10m/s、更优选大于100m/s的气体速度对壁纸的表面进行吹气。气体射流在壁纸表面上的作用可以是小于1秒的一个或多个短脉冲，也可以是几秒或几分钟的持续射流。 优选用干燥(露点小于40℃)的、不含油和油脂的、经清洁的气体，特别优选用半导体品质的气体进行操作，
通过鼓吹所制备的干冰颗粒形式的CO2通过高速喷嘴，通过将干冰的动能、热冲击作用和升华作用相结合，使荧光成分脱离。优选将塑料衬里(例如PU、PP或PE)用于干冰储存容器。若用干冰的块运行设备，则优选将由耐磨的陶瓷或硬质金属制成的加工工具用于制造温度约为-80℃的冷冰颗粒。使用例如基于食品品质的二氧化碳气体的超纯干冰，因而不会被外来颗粒污染。在此，干冰的消耗根据喷嘴构型和压力范围而改变。
另一个优选的实施方案在于，将利用压缩空气的方法与利用干冰的方法相结合。
本发明的优点在于通过物理和化学手段的结合彻底去除壁纸上的荧光物质，且对壁纸的强度、伸长、柔软性和表面光泽度等性能损伤小。
具体实施方式
实施例1 荧光去除剂的制备
在带有搅拌器、冷凝器、温度计及氮气接口的容器内加入二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵123份和丙烯酰胺69份，搅拌通入氮气，加入铝盐2.3份搅拌溶解，在75℃下加入硼氢化钠或亚硫酸钠3.8份，用无机酸调节pH值至4.5，保持16min，最后加入烯丙基磺酸钠或巯基乙醇0.7-0.8份、聚天冬氨酸0.2-0.5份、亚氯酸钠1.2份，聚胺0.12份，得到的荧光去除剂，其固含量为45wt％，25℃下粘度为678cps，其中铝盐为硫酸铝。
实施例2 荧光去除剂处理壁纸
用渗透剂JFC处理待处理含有荧光增白剂的壁纸表面，浸轧润湿；在50-60℃下浸轧所述荧光去除剂，以2-3℃/min的温度升温至70℃，保温运转，加入纯碱，保温20-30min；冷热水交替洗涤三次，然后借助经清洁的气体(经过滤的压缩空气、CO2、诸如半导体品质的氮气的惰性的气体或其混合物)在12巴的压力下将干冰颗粒在喷嘴中进行加速，并以15m/s的速度由此鼓吹至待处理壁纸表面上；再将纺织品浸入纯碱溶液，室温下浸渍2.5min，加入柠檬酸1.2g/L，随后清水洗涤，可以消除壁纸上的荧光。
对比例1
将需处理的含荧光增白剂的壁纸按下列条件进行处理：
浸轧(室温，轧余率80～85％)→汽蒸(102℃，120～180分钟)→水洗→脱氯(60℃)→水洗。 浸轧液组成：
荧光消除剂(按二氧化氯/亚氯酸钠法中制备方法) 60g/L
HAc 4.5g/L
脱氯液组成：
硫代硫酸钠： 20g/L
纯碱： 15g/L
去除荧光测试：
利用荧光白度一非荧光白度差值法来评价实施例和对比例所制备的荧光去除效果，利用白度仪来测试壁纸荧光白度和非荧光白度，两者差值与非荧光白度之比越小，则壁纸中残留荧光剂相对含量越少。荧光去除效果的评价是比较加有荧光去除剂前后两块壁纸的荧光白度和非荧光白度的差值之比，即相对荧光(％)＝(ARF/ARM)/100％。比值越小，荧光去除效果越好(若荧光白度小于非荧光白度，则AR以0计)。
表1 去除荧光测试情况
样品编号 相对荧光％ 强度保持率（％） 布面光洁度（级） 伸长保持率（％）
实施例2 1.08 98 5 96
比较例1 5.65 87 4 80
从表1中可以发现，本发明的荧光去除效果以及强度等壁纸使用性能的保持均优于采用其它荧光去除剂和荧光去除方法制得的壁纸。
上面所述的实施例仅是对本发明优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明技术方案作出的各种变形和改进，均落入本发明的权利要求书限定的范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺，其特征在于：所述建筑用室内壁纸具有纺织层，在对纺织层进行图案印染或涂覆之后，利用荧光去除剂进行去除荧光操作。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺，其特征在于，所述建筑用室内壁纸无害化处理工艺包括以下步骤：
1）.用渗透剂JFC处理待处理壁纸表面，浸轧润湿；
2）.在50-60℃下浸轧所述荧光去除剂，以2-3℃/min的温度升温至70℃，保温运转，加入纯碱，保温20-30min；
3）.冷热水交替洗涤三次，然后借助经清洁的气体(经过滤的压缩空气、CO2、诸如半导体品质的氮气的惰性的气体或其混合物)以大于2m/s、优选大于10m/s、更优选大于100m/s的速度鼓吹至待处理壁纸表面上。
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