CN108465563B - Dry sorting device and method for solid materials - Google Patents
Dry sorting device and method for solid materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN108465563B CN108465563B CN201710099527.8A CN201710099527A CN108465563B CN 108465563 B CN108465563 B CN 108465563B CN 201710099527 A CN201710099527 A CN 201710099527A CN 108465563 B CN108465563 B CN 108465563B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C11/00—Accessories, e.g. safety or control devices, not otherwise provided for, e.g. regulators, valves in inlet or overflow ducting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
- B04C5/26—Multiple arrangement thereof for series flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
- B04C2009/008—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with injection or suction of gas or liquid into the cyclone
Abstract
The invention relates to a solid material dry separation device and a solid material dry separation method, which solve the problems of high water consumption, low separation precision, low separation efficiency, high material requirement and complex structure in the existing solid material separation technology. The invention mainly comprises a conical fluidized bed, a multi-stage cyclone separator and a quick response proportional valve with a control unit, wherein a signal generator controls the quick response proportional valve to generate high-frequency pulsating airflow, so that solid materials with different particle sizes and densities are quickly distributed in a layered manner in the conical fluidized bed, the coarse particles at the bottom are distributed in a large-density mode, the fine particles at the upper part are distributed in a small-density mode, the coarse particles at the high density are discharged from the bottom in batches, and the multi-stage cyclone separator collects the fine particles at the low density in batches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid material sorting device and method, in particular to a device and method suitable for dry sorting of coal, ore and other solid materials.
Background
The separation method of solid materials such as coal, ore and the like is mainly divided into a wet separation method and a dry separation method, and the wet separation method is dominant in the world at present. The wet separation needs to use a large amount of water, however, the situation of water resource shortage and water shortage is increasingly serious worldwide. The overall distribution characteristics of solid resources such as coal, ore and the like in China are that more east west and less north and more south, and the abundance of the solid resources such as coal, ore and the like and water resources are in reverse distribution. At present, hydraulic jigging is one of the most main coal preparation modes in China, for example, the hydraulic jigging machine which is published in 2001 of China mining university publishers and pages 192-233 of "beneficiation science" and the hydraulic jigging coal preparation technology which is published in 2006 of China mining university publishers and pages 33-116 of "jigging coal preparation technology" needs a large amount of water to loosen a bed layer and convey layered coal, power consumption is extremely high, and a large amount of water and light products are mixed and discharged, so that the separation link of a system is increased, and the whole system is complicated. The dry separation technology is urgently needed to separate and improve the quality of resources such as coal, ore and the like. The dry separation method has the advantages of saving a large amount of water, not increasing the water content of the product, not freezing the product, being convenient to store and transport and avoiding the pollution to underground water and ecological environment compared with the wet separation method. In the dry separation process of the coal, the coal calorific value can be ensured to be increased and not reduced, and no coal slime water is discharged. However, the development of the dry separation technology is not synchronous with the current urgent need, and the awareness of industrial workers such as coal, ore and the like is not synchronous with the current resource utilization situation of China, so that a large amount of unsorted resources such as coal, ore and the like in arid water-deficient areas directly enter the market, and serious resource waste and environmental pollution are caused, and the current situation also highlights the significance and the urgency of vigorously researching and popularizing the high-efficiency dry separation technology.
There are many methods for dry separation of coal, ore and other solid materials, and the methods are usually a pneumatic jigging separation method, a pneumatic dense medium separation method, a screening method, a composite separation method and the like. The pneumatic jigging separation method is a gravity separation method for separating materials in air mainly with up-down pulsation, does not change the physical properties of solid materials, and is one of the most important separation methods. But the wind jigger also has obvious defects: high material requirement, low separation efficiency, low separation precision and complex structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems of high water consumption, environmental pollution, high material requirement, low separation efficiency, low separation precision and complex structure in the conventional solid material separation technology, and provides the solid material dry separation device which is water-saving and environment-friendly, wide in material application range, high in separation precision, high in separation efficiency and simple in structure.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a dry sorting method corresponding to the first technical problem.
In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a dry separation device for solid materials comprises a conical fluidized bed, a material inlet pipe, a gas distributor, a main air inlet pipe, a discharge air inlet pipe, a gas distribution chamber, a central discharge pipe, a quick response proportional valve, an electromagnetic valve, an outlet elbow, a primary cyclone, a secondary cyclone, a dust remover, a primary hopper and a secondary hopper;
material import pipe is located conical fluidized bed well upper portion, gas distributor and gas distribution room are located conical fluidized bed bottom, the main wind inlet tube is linked together with the gas distribution room, quick response proportional valve I is installed in the main wind inlet tube, material pipe is arranged at the center and is linked together with gas distributor, it is linked together to arrange material wind inlet tube and the row material pipe of center, quick response proportional valve II is installed in row material wind inlet tube, the one-level whirlwind is linked together with conical fluidized bed through the export return bend, second grade whirlwind is linked together with the one-level whirlwind, the dust remover is linked together with the second grade whirlwind, one-level whirlwind bottom is equipped with the one-level hopper.
The conical fluidized bed adopts a conical design, the diameter of the upper end is 2-8 times of that of the lower end, the preferred range is 4-6 times, and due to different gas flow rates on different sections, solid materials can be distributed in the conical fluidized bed in a layered mode, wherein the bottom particles are large in thickness and the upper particles are small in thickness, and the separation efficiency is improved.
The gas distributor is positioned at the bottom of the conical fluidized bed, the included angle of a conical opening of the gas distributor is 30-150 degrees, preferably 60-120 degrees, gas holes are formed in the conical surface of the gas distributor, 5-40 circles are arranged, the gas holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the diameter of each circle of gas holes is increased in a radial mode along the distributor, the gas hole close to the central slag discharge pipe is the smallest, the smallest gas hole is 0.5-1 mm, the largest gas hole is 2-10 mm, the aperture ratio is 1-10%, the design is favorable for accelerating the layered distribution of materials with different particle sizes and densities in the conical fluidized bed, the gas-solid mixing is strengthened, and the solid material discharge is also facilitated.
The primary cyclone is communicated with the conical fluidized bed through an outlet elbow, and the diameter of the exhaust pipe is 0.3-0.8 times, preferably 0.4-0.6 times that of the cylinder; the secondary cyclone is communicated with the primary cyclone, and the diameter of the exhaust pipe is 0.2-0.7 times of the diameter of the cylinder, preferably 0.3-0.5; the diameter of the exhaust pipe of the primary cyclone is 1-4 times, preferably 1.2-2 times that of the exhaust pipe of the secondary cyclone; by adopting the design, the particles with small particle fineness can be separated, and low-density fine particles with gradually reduced particle sizes are collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover; and the stage number of the cyclone is increased, so that the separation can be further performed.
The response time of the quick response proportional valve I and the quick response proportional valve II is less than 5 milliseconds, so that the proportional valves can rapidly change the opening degrees according to signals generated by the signal generator to generate pulsating air flow.
In order to solve the second problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a solid material dry separation method is characterized in that solid materials with different grain sizes and densities enter a conical fluidized bed through a material inlet pipe, discharge air enters the conical fluidized bed from a central discharge pipe through a quick response proportional valve II from a discharge air inlet pipe, main air enters the conical fluidized bed from a gas distributor after passing through a quick response proportional valve I and a gas distribution chamber from a main air inlet pipe, the quick response proportional valve I is controlled through a signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air, so that the solid materials with different grain sizes and densities quickly achieve layered distribution with large bottom grain coarse density and small upper grain fine density in the conical fluidized bed, and the high-density coarse grains are discharged in batches from the central discharge pipe after being controlled by the discharge air; the low-density fine particles sequentially enter the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, and the low-density fine particles with gradually reduced particle size are collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover.
The solid material comprises: various types of solid materials such as coal, ore, biomass, solid garbage or mixtures thereof.
The main air and the discharging air refer to one or a mixture of air, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
The signal generator comprises: the equipment for outputting the level signal and the equipment capable of providing electric signals with various frequencies, wave forms and output levels are controlled by an oscilloscope and computer software.
The signal generator controls the quick response proportional valve to generate pulsating airflow, and the waveform of the pulsating airflow can be any form of wave, preferably square wave and sine wave, so that the control is more convenient.
And the discharging wind enters the central discharging pipe after being controlled by the quick response proportional valve II from the discharging wind inlet pipe, and the average flow speed of the discharging wind at the nozzle at the upper end of the central discharging pipe is set to be 1-50 m/s, preferably 10-25m/s according to the density and the granularity of the solid materials.
The discharging air is controlled by a quick response proportional valve II to generate pulsating air flow, in the fluidization stage, the pulsating frequency is 0.5-100 Hz, preferably 5-25 Hz, and the pulsating amplitude is 1-100%, preferably 10-50% of the average flow speed; and in the discharging stage, opening and closing are carried out according to the discharging condition of the solid materials, and the preferred opening and closing frequency is 0.01-0.1 Hz.
The apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 1-50 m/s, preferably 5-25 m/s.
The signal generator is used for controlling the quick response proportional valve I to generate pulsating main wind, in the fluidization stage, the pulsation frequency is 0.5-100 Hz, preferably 5-25 Hz, and the pulsation amplitude is 0-100%, preferably 10-50% of the average flow speed; and in the discharging stage, setting the flow according to the discharging condition of the solid material.
2 by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the signal generator controls the quick response proportional valve to generate high-frequency pulsating airflow through dry separation, so that solid materials with different particle sizes or densities are quickly layered and distributed in the conical fluidized bed, high-density coarse particles are discharged from the bottom in batches, and low-density fine particles are collected in batches by the multi-stage cyclone separator. The material application range, the sorting precision and the sorting efficiency are improved, the result is simple, water is saved, the environment is protected, and the method has a good application prospect.
Drawings
1. Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a dry separation device for solid materials:
in FIG. 1, 1 is a conical fluidized bed; 2 is a material inlet pipe; 3 is a gas distributor; 4 is a main air inlet pipe; 5 is a discharge air inlet pipe; 6 is a gas distribution chamber; 7 is a central discharge pipe; 8(a) is a quick response proportional valve I, 8(b) is a quick response proportional valve II; 9(a), 9(b), 9(c), 9(d) and 9(e) are all quick response electromagnetic valves; 10 is an outlet elbow; 11 is primary cyclone; 12 is secondary cyclone; 13 is a dust remover; 14 is a first-level hopper; 15 is a secondary hopper.
A is a solid material; b is exhaust air; c is main wind; d is low-density fine particles; e is high-density coarse particles; f is first-grade low-density fine particles; g is secondary low-density fine particles; h is three-level low-density fine particles.
Solid materials A with different grain diameters and densities enter the conical fluidized bed (1) through the material inlet pipe (2), discharging wind B enters the conical fluidized bed (1) from the discharging wind inlet pipe (5) through the quick response proportioning valve II (8B) from the central discharging pipe (7), the main air C enters the conical fluidized bed (1) from the gas distributor (3) after passing through the quick response proportional valve I (8a) and the gas distribution chamber (6) from the main air inlet pipe (4), the signal generator controls the quick response proportional valve I (8a) to generate high-frequency pulsating main wind C, the solid material A with different grain diameters and densities can quickly reach the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed (1), and the high-density coarse particles E are discharged in batches from the central discharge pipe (7) after being controlled by the discharge air B; the low-density fine particles D sequentially enter the primary cyclone (11), the secondary cyclone (12) and the dust remover (13) through the outlet elbow (10), and are collected in the primary hopper (14), the secondary hopper (15) and the dust remover (13) to obtain the low-density fine particles with the gradually decreased particle size.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited to these examples.
Detailed Description
[ example 1 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 1m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter is radially increased progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, the diameter ratio of one-level whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.5, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1.5 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 10Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with the gradually decreased particle size is collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 85%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 92%.
[ example 2 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2.5m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, the diameter ratio of one-level whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.5, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1.5 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 10Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with the gradually decreased particle size is collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 94.5%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 91.8%.
[ example 3 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 4m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter is radially increased progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, the diameter ratio of one-level whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.5, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1.5 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 10Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with the gradually decreased particle size is collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 94.8%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 91.6%.
[ example 4 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, one-level whirlwind blast pipe is 0.5 with the diameter ratio of barrel, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 10Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters a primary cyclone, a secondary cyclone and a dust remover through an outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with gradually decreased particle size is collected in a primary hopper, a secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 94.4%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 72%.
[ example 5 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, one-level whirlwind blast pipe is 0.5 with the diameter ratio of barrel, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1.2 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 10Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with the gradually decreased particle size is collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 93.6%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 88%.
[ example 6 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, one-level whirlwind blast pipe is 0.5 with the diameter ratio of barrel, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 2 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 10Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters a primary cyclone, a secondary cyclone and a dust remover through an outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with gradually decreased particle size is collected in a primary hopper, a secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 94%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 90%.
[ example 7 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, one-level whirlwind blast pipe is 0.5 with the diameter ratio of barrel, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 4 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 10Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters a primary cyclone, a secondary cyclone and a dust remover through an outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with gradually decreased particle size is collected in a primary hopper, a secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 94.2%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 84%.
[ example 8 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, the diameter ratio of one-level whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.5, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1.5 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 0.5Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with the gradually decreased particle size is collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 82%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 91.5%.
[ example 9 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, the diameter ratio of one-level whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.5, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1.5 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulse waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both square waves, the pulse frequency is 100Hz, the pulse amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with the gradually decreased particle size is collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 75%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 92%.
[ example 10 ]
The utility model provides a solid material dry process sorting unit, toper fluidized bed lower extreme internal diameter 0.5m, the biggest internal diameter 2.5m in upper end, height 5m, gas distributor bell contained angle is 90, be equipped with 20 rings of gas pockets on the gas distributor conical surface, the percent opening is 2%, the gas pocket is evenly arranged along the circumference, every circle of gas pocket diameter radially increases progressively along the distributor, the gas pocket that is close to central scum pipe is minimum, the minimum gas pocket is 1mm, the biggest gas pocket is 10mm, the diameter ratio of one-level whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.5, the diameter ratio of second grade whirlwind blast pipe and barrel is 0.4, one-level whirlwind is 1.5 with second grade whirlwind blast pipe diameter ratio.
Raw coal of 0-50mm enters the conical fluidized bed through the material inlet pipe through the feeder, and discharging air enters the conical fluidized bed from the central discharging pipe after passing through the quick response proportioning valve from the discharging air inlet pipe. The main air enters the conical fluidized bed from the gas distributor after passing through the quick response proportional valve and the gas distribution chamber from the main air inlet pipe, and the quick response proportional valve is controlled by the signal generator to generate high-frequency pulsating main air. In the fluidization stage, the pulsation waveforms of the main air and the discharging air are both sine waves, the pulsation frequency is 10Hz, the pulsation amplitude is 50 percent of the average flow velocity, the apparent velocity range of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed is 20m/s, and the raw coal can rapidly achieve layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed. In the discharging stage, the coal gangue and coarse-grained coal are discharged in batches from the central discharging pipe after being controlled by main air and discharging air; the fine-particle coal sequentially enters the primary cyclone, the secondary cyclone and the dust remover through the outlet elbow, the fine-particle coal with the gradually decreased particle size is collected in the primary hopper, the secondary hopper and the dust remover, and the coal gangue, 2 kinds of coarse-particle coal and 3 kinds of fine-particle coal are obtained through separation, wherein the separation efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 90%, and the separation efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 91.8%.
[ COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 ]
A conventional pneumatic jigger is adopted, raw coal with the particle size of 0-50mm is selected as a material, and three products of coal gangue, coarse-particle coal and fine-particle coal are sorted out, wherein the sorting efficiency of the coarse-particle coal is 76%, and the sorting efficiency of the fine-particle coal is 68%.
Examples 1 to 10 and comparative example 1 are summarized in Table 1.
TABLE 1
From the comparison of the sorting effect in table 1, it can be seen that the solid material dry sorting device disclosed by the invention has the best sorting effect by adopting the embodiments 2 and 3, wherein the device in the embodiment 2 is more economical; compared with the conventional wind jigger, the sorting level is improved by 3 levels, the sorting efficiency of coarse-particle coal is improved by about 19 percent, and the sorting efficiency of fine-particle coal is improved by about 24 percent.
Claims (9)
1. A dry separation device for solid materials is characterized by comprising a conical fluidized bed (1), a material inlet pipe (2), a gas distributor (3), a main air inlet pipe (4), a discharge air inlet pipe (5), a gas distribution chamber (6) and a central discharge pipe (7); the device comprises a quick response proportional valve, an electromagnetic valve, an outlet elbow (10), a primary cyclone (11), a secondary cyclone (12), a dust remover (13), a primary hopper (14) and a secondary hopper (15); it is characterized in that a material inlet pipe (2) is positioned at the middle upper part of a conical fluidized bed (1), a gas distributor (3) and a gas distribution chamber (6) are positioned at the bottom of the conical fluidized bed (1), a main air inlet pipe (4) is communicated with the gas distribution chamber (6), a quick response proportional valve I (8a) is arranged in the main air inlet pipe (4), a central discharge pipe (7) is communicated with the gas distributor (3), a discharge air inlet pipe (5) is communicated with the central discharge pipe (7), a quick response proportional valve II (8b) is arranged in the discharge air inlet pipe (5), a primary cyclone (11) is communicated with the conical fluidized bed (1) through an outlet elbow (10), a secondary cyclone (12) is communicated with a primary cyclone (11), a dust remover (13) is communicated with the secondary cyclone (12), and the bottom of the primary cyclone (11) is provided with a primary hopper (14), and a secondary hopper (15) is arranged at the bottom of the secondary cyclone (12), and the response time of the quick response proportional valve I (8a) and the quick response proportional valve II (8b) is less than 5 milliseconds.
2. The dry separation device for solid materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the upper end of the conical fluidized bed (1) is 2-8 times of the diameter of the lower end.
3. The dry separation device for the solid materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas distributor (3) is positioned at the bottom of the conical fluidized bed (1), the included angle of the conical opening of the gas distributor (3) is 30-150 degrees, the conical surface of the gas distributor (3) is provided with 5-40 circles of air holes, the aperture ratio is 1-10 percent, the air holes are uniformly distributed along the circumference, the diameter of each circle of air holes increases progressively along the radial direction of the distributor, the air hole close to the central discharge pipe (7) is the smallest, the smallest air hole is 0.5-1 mm, and the largest air hole is 2-10 mm.
4. The dry separation device for the solid materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the exhaust pipe of the primary cyclone (11) is 0.3-0.8 times of the diameter of the cylinder, the diameter of the exhaust pipe of the secondary cyclone (12) is 0.2-0.7 times of the diameter of the cylinder, and the diameter of the exhaust pipe of the primary cyclone (11) is 1-4 times of the diameter of the exhaust pipe of the secondary cyclone (12).
5. A dry separation method for solid materials, which adopts any one of the dry separation devices for solid materials as claimed in claims 1-4, and is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps: solid materials A with different grain diameters and densities enter the conical fluidized bed (1) through the material inlet pipe (2), discharging wind B enters the conical fluidized bed (1) from the discharging wind inlet pipe (5) through the quick response proportioning valve II (8B) from the central discharging pipe (7), the main air C enters the conical fluidized bed (1) from the gas distributor (3) after passing through the quick response proportional valve I (8a) and the gas distribution chamber (6) from the main air inlet pipe (4), the signal generator is used for controlling the quick response proportional valve I (8a) to generate high-frequency pulsating main air C, so that solid materials A with different particle sizes and densities can quickly reach the layered distribution with large bottom particle coarse density and small upper particle fine density in the conical fluidized bed (1), and the high-density coarse particles E are discharged in batches from the central discharge pipe (7) after being controlled by the discharge air B; the low-density fine particles D sequentially enter the primary cyclone (11), the secondary cyclone (12) and the dust remover (13) through the outlet elbow (10), and are collected in the primary hopper (14), the secondary hopper (15) and the dust remover (13) to obtain the low-density fine particles with the gradually decreased particle size.
6. The dry separation method of the solid materials according to claim 5, characterized in that the discharging wind B enters the central discharging pipe (7) after being controlled by a quick response proportional valve II (8B) from a discharging wind inlet pipe (5), and the average flow speed of the discharging wind of the upper end nozzle of the central discharging pipe (7) is set to be 1-50 m/s according to the density and the granularity of the solid materials.
7. The dry separation method of the solid materials according to claim 5, characterized in that the discharge air B is controlled by a quick response proportional valve II (8B) to generate a pulsating air flow, the pulsating frequency is 0.5-100 Hz, and the pulsating amplitude is 10% -50% of the average flow speed in the fluidization stage; and in the discharging stage, opening and closing are performed according to the discharging condition of the solid materials.
8. The dry sorting method of solid materials according to claim 5, characterized in that the superficial velocity of the bottom interface of the conical fluidized bed (1) is in the range of 1-50 m/s.
9. The dry separation method of the solid materials according to claim 5, characterized in that the signal generator controls the quick response proportional valve I (8a) to generate pulsating main wind C, in the fluidization stage, the pulsation frequency is 0.5-100 Hz, and the pulsation amplitude is 10% -50% of the average flow speed; and in the discharging stage, setting the flow according to the discharging condition of the solid material.
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