CN103406270A - Dry method selective solid material two-stage separation device - Google Patents

Abstract

A dry method selective solid material secondary separation device belongs to the technical field of material gravity separation. The first stage of separation device is composed of a fluidized separation bed connected with an air delivery main pipe connected with a blower through an air delivery branch pipe, and the second stage of separation device adopts a cyclone separator. The bottom outlet of the fluidized separation bed is connected with a high-density material storage bin, the top outlet of the fluidized separation bed is connected with a cyclone separator, the lower outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the high-density material storage bin, the upper part of the cyclone separator is connected with a low-density material storage bin, and the top of the low-density material storage bin is connected with a variable-frequency draught fan through a gas pipeline. The device separates solid mixed materials by a physical method in a dry state, can keep the original physical and chemical properties of the materials, and can further utilize the separated materials. The whole separation process has the best environmental protection effect. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of simple structure, simple and convenient operation management, no need of other separation media, low cost and suitability for separation of most of materials with different densities.

Description

A dry-process selective solid material secondary separation device

technical field

The invention relates to a dry-process selective solid material secondary separation device, which belongs to the technical field of material gravity separation.

Background technique

In the production process of metallurgy, electric power, coal, chemical industry, ore dressing and other industries, it is often necessary to sort solid materials into different products according to certain requirements, so as to meet production needs or increase their use value. At present, according to different separation purposes and the differences in the physical and chemical properties of materials, the separation methods mainly include flotation, electromagnetic separation, gravity separation, etc. These methods have their own applicable conditions. Chemistry is the basis of the discipline, and the separation of different materials is realized according to the differences in the physical and chemical properties of the surface of different materials; the electromagnetic separation method is based on electromagnetism, and different materials are separated according to the differences in the magnetic properties and electrical conductivity of different materials; the gravity separation method uses fluid Mechanics is the basis of the subject, and materials are sorted in a certain medium according to the density difference of different materials. At the same time, each separation method derives many different processes, but these processes are relatively complicated, with many separation equipment, high energy consumption of equipment, and large project investment, which is not conducive to operation management, energy conservation and environmental protection.

Take the separation of fly ash in power production enterprises as an example. Fly ash is a kind of pozzolanic mixed material formed after coal powder is burned at high temperature. It is mainly solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, smelters, and chemical industries. . Through the study of fly ash separation and its application technology, it is found that it is one of the raw materials with high quality and low price in building materials, chemical industry, refractory and heat insulation materials and other departments.

The harmful components in fly ash are unburned carbon particles, which have high water absorption, low strength, and are easy to weather, which is not conducive to the resource utilization of fly ash. Due to some reasons of coal quality and combustion technology, the pulverized coal cannot be fully burned, resulting in an increase in the carbon content of the fly ash. With the development of industry, the emission of fly ash is increasing year by year. The decarbonization of fly ash not only saves a lot of coal resources for the country, but also improves the comprehensive utilization value of fly ash.

At present, there are two main methods of decarbonization of fly ash: dry electric separation and wet flotation.

The principle of dry electric separation is to separate the fly ash from the carbon due to the different conductivity of the ash and carbon under the action of a high-voltage electric field. Safety and economic issues as well as collection and dust removal of fine ash restrict the further development of electro-separation; electro-separation has not been widely used due to low decarbonization efficiency and immature process.

Wet flotation decarbonization is a method of distinguishing fly ash and coal nuclei by using the difference in hydrophilic properties of the surface. It is suitable for fly ash discharged by wet method, and the recovery rate is high, but its disadvantages are: After flotation, coal ash needs to be concentrated, dehydrated, dried, sorted, and ground to obtain high-quality fly ash. This process is complicated and the energy consumption of equipment increases.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a dry selective solid material secondary separation device. The device adds a cyclone separator and a variable frequency induced draft fan on the basis of the dry selective solid material separation device. Through the two-stage cooperation with the cyclone separator, the low-density material components in the solid mixed material are separated twice by physical methods. Separation to achieve high separation efficiency. Through one or more stages of separation in the fluidized separation bed in the dry selective solid material separation device, the separation efficiency can reach more than 60%; through the secondary separation of the cyclone separator, the separation efficiency can be increased to more than 80%.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a dry-process selective solid material secondary separation device, including a solid mixture storage bin, a feeder, a fluidized separation bed, a blower and an air delivery main pipe, and the solid mixture storage bin passes through the feeder The device is connected with the fluidized separation bed, and also includes a cyclone separator, a high-density material storage bin and a low-density material storage bin. The air conveying main pipe connected to the blower constitutes the first-stage separation device through the fluidized separation bed connected by the air conveying branch pipe, wherein one air conveying branch pipe is connected with the outlet pipe of the feeder through the air connection box, and the remaining air conveying branch pipes are respectively connected with the fluidized separation device. The bellows at the bottom of the fluidized separation bed are connected, the top of the bellows is provided with an air distribution plate, and one or more grids with rectangular holes of the same specification are arranged on the top of the air distribution plate, and the grids divide the fluidized separation bed into one or more sections, and each section corresponds to a The bellows located under the air distribution plate. The second stage of separation uses a cyclone separator. The bottom outlet of the fluidized separation bed is connected to the high-density material storage bin through the lower conveying pipeline, the top outlet is connected to the cyclone separator through the upper air duct, the lower outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the high-density material storage bin, and the upper part is connected to the low-density material storage bin through the upper conveying pipeline. The material storage bin is connected, and the top of the low-density material storage bin is connected to the frequency conversion induced draft fan through the gas pipeline.

A flow control valve and a flow meter are installed on the air delivery branch pipe.

The top of the cyclone separator is provided with a central cylinder that communicates with the upper conveying pipeline and extends into the cyclone separator. The central cylinder adopts an adjustment structure that moves up and down.

The air delivered by the blower passes through the bellows at the bottom of the fluidized separation bed, and then flows through the air distribution plate to blow the solid material to the top, so that the solid material is fluidized in the fluidized separation bed.

With the above technical solution, the solid material refers to two or more solid mixed materials with different densities. After the solid material undergoes primary separation in the dry-process selective solid material separation device, the material components with higher density enter the high-density material storage bin, and the material components with low density and small particles flow upward, and directly enter the cyclone separation through the upper air duct The secondary separation is carried out in the cyclone separator. The material components with higher density in the cyclone separator are rotated downward due to the action of centrifugal force, and are separated from the outlet at the bottom of the cyclone separator into the high-density material storage bin, and the material components with lower density are gradually concentrated. To the center of the vortex, the air enters the central cylinder, and flows out from the top outlet of the cyclone separator into the low-density material storage bin. When the air flow rate in the cyclone separator is constant, the position of the central cylinder can be adjusted according to the density and particle size critical point of the target separated material; the induced draft fan equipped with frequency converter can be adjusted according to the physical property change of the material entering the cyclone separator The induced air pressure can change the flow velocity of the cyclone to achieve the best separation effect.

The effects and benefits of the present invention are: the dry-process selective solid material two-stage separation device, the first-stage separation device is composed of a fluidized separation bed connected by an air delivery main pipe connected to a blower through an air delivery branch pipe, and the second-stage separation device A cyclone separator is used. The bottom outlet of the fluidized separation bed is connected to the high-density material storage bin through the lower conveying pipeline, the top outlet is connected to the cyclone separator through the upper air duct, the lower outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the high-density material storage bin, and the upper part is connected to the low-density material storage bin through the upper conveying pipeline. The material storage bin is connected, and the top of the low-density material storage bin is connected to the frequency conversion induced draft fan through the gas pipeline. The device uses physical methods to separate solid mixed materials in a dry state, without destroying the form of water-soluble substances in the materials, maintaining the original physical and chemical properties of the materials, and the separated materials can be further utilized. And the whole separation process does not produce any solid, gas and liquid waste, avoiding secondary pollution, and has the best environmental protection effect. At the same time, this device has a simple structure, easy operation and management, no need to invest in other separation media, low cost, and is suitable for the separation of most materials with different densities.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a working system diagram of a dry selective solid material secondary separation device.

In the figure: 1. Solid mixture material storage bin, 2. Feeder, 3. Air connection box, 4. Air delivery main pipe, 4a, air delivery branch pipe, 4b, flow control valve, 4c, flow meter, 5, blower, 6. Fluidized separation bed, 6a, grid, 6b, air distribution plate, 6c, bellows, 7, upper air duct, 8, lower conveying pipeline, 9, high-density material storage bin, 10, low-density material storage bin, 11. Cyclone separator, 11a, central cylinder, 11b, upper conveying pipeline, 12, variable frequency induced draft fan, 12a, gas pipeline.

Detailed ways

Figure 1 shows a working system diagram of a dry selective solid material secondary separation device. In the figure, the dry selective solid material secondary separation device includes a solid mixture storage bin 1, a feeder 2, a fluidized separation bed 6, a blower 5, an air conveying main pipe 4, a cyclone separator (11), and a high-density material The storage bin 9 and the low-density material storage bin 10 , the solid mixture storage bin 1 is connected with the fluidized separation bed 6 through the feeder 2 .

The first-stage separation device is composed of the air delivery main pipe 4 connected by the blower 5 and the fluidized separation bed 6 connected by the air delivery branch pipe 4a. The air delivery branch pipe 4a is equipped with a flow control valve 4b and a flow meter 4c, wherein one air delivery branch pipe 4a The air connecting box 3 is connected to the outlet pipe of the feeder 2, and the remaining air delivery branch pipes 4a are respectively connected to the bellows 6c at the bottom of the fluidized separation bed 6. The top of the bellows 6c is provided with an air distribution plate 6b, and one or more air distribution plates 6b are arranged on the top of the air distribution plate 6b. A plurality of grids 6a with rectangular holes of the same size. The grids 6a divide the fluidized separation bed 6 into one or more sections, and each section corresponds to an air box 6c located under the air distribution plate 6b.

The second-stage separation device adopts a cyclone separator 11, the bottom outlet of the fluidized separation bed 6 is connected to the high-density material storage bin 9 through the lower conveying pipe 8, and the top outlet is connected to the cyclone separator 11 through the upper air duct 7. The outlet of the lower part of the cyclone separator 11 is connected to the high-density material storage bin 9, and the upper part is connected to the low-density material storage bin 10 through the upper conveying pipe 11b. The top of the cyclone separator 11 is connected with the upper conveying pipe 11b and extends into the cyclone separator. Central cylinder 11a in 11, central cylinder 11a adopts the adjustment structure that moves up and down. The top of the low-density material storage bin 10 is connected to a variable frequency induced draft fan 12 through an air pipeline 12a.

The air delivered by the blower 5 passes through the bellows 6c at the bottom of the fluidized separation bed 6, and then flows through the air distribution plate 6b to blow the solid material to the top, so that the solid material is fluidized in the fluidized separation bed 6.

With the above technical scheme, the cyclone separator 11 is connected tangentially to the outlet of the upper air channel 7 of the fluidized separation bed 6, and after the solid material is separated in the fluidized separation bed 6, the material components with higher density enter the high-density material In the storage bin 9, the material components with low density and small particles flow upward, and directly enter the cyclone separator 11 through the upper air duct 7 for secondary separation. The material components with higher density rotate downward under the action of the cyclone and enter the high-density material storage bin 9, and the material components with smaller density and particles are collected into the center of the central cylinder 11a with the rotating airflow, flow out from the central cylinder 11a with the air, and then pass through the central cylinder 11a. The upper conveying pipeline 11 b enters the low-density material storage bin 10 . When the air flow rate in the cyclone separator 11 is constant, move the central cylinder 11a up and down to adapt to the density and particle size critical point of the target separated material; the variable frequency induced draft fan 12 is connected to the rear of the low density material storage bin 10 through the air pipeline 12a The flow rate of the cyclone in the cyclone separator 11 can be changed by adjusting the induced air pressure through stepless frequency conversion, so as to adapt to the change of physical properties of different component materials and achieve the best separation effect.

Claims (4)

1. A dry-process selective solid material secondary separation device, including a solid mixture storage bin (1), a feeder (2), a fluidized separation bed (6), a blower (5) and an air conveying main pipe (4 ), the solid mixture material storage bin (1) is connected with the fluidized separation bed (6) through the feeder (2), and is characterized in that it also includes a cyclone separator (11), a high-density material storage bin (9) and a low The density material storage bin (10), the air conveying main pipe (4) connected to the blower (5) and the fluidized separation bed (6) connected through the air conveying branch pipe (4a) constitute the first-stage separation device, wherein one air conveying branch pipe (4a) is connected to the outlet pipe of the feeder (2) through the air connection box (3), and the remaining air delivery branch pipes (4a) are respectively connected to the bellows (6c) at the bottom of the fluidized separation bed (6), and the bellows (6c) An air distribution plate (6b) is arranged on the top, and one or more grids (6a) with rectangular holes of the same specification are arranged on the upper part of the air distribution plate (6b), and the grid (6a) divides the fluidized separation bed (6) into one section or Multiple sections, each section corresponds to an air box (6c) located under the air distribution plate (6b); the second-stage separation device adopts a cyclone separator (11); the bottom outlet of the fluidized separation bed (6) passes through the lower conveying pipe (8) Connected to the high-density material storage bin (9), the top outlet is connected to the cyclone separator (11) through the upper air duct (7), the lower outlet of the cyclone separator (11) is connected to the high-density material storage bin (9), and the upper part is connected to the upper air duct (7). The conveying pipeline (11b) is connected to the low-density material storage bin (10), and the top of the low-density material storage bin (10) is connected to the variable frequency induced draft fan (12) through the gas transmission pipeline (12a). 2. A dry-process selective solid material secondary separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a flow control valve (4b) and a flow meter (4c) are installed on the air delivery branch pipe (4a). 3. A dry-process selective solid material two-stage separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the top of the cyclone separator (11) is provided with an upper conveying pipeline (11b) that extends into the cyclone separation The central tube (11a) in the device (11), the central tube (11a) adopts an adjustment structure that moves up and down. 4. A dry selective solid material separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air delivered by the blower (5) passes through the bellows (6c) at the bottom of the fluidized separation bed (6), and then flows The solid material is top blown through the air distribution plate (6b), so that the solid material is fluidized in the fluidized separation bed (6).