CN108461593B - 具有纳米级二氧化硅光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管及其加工方法 - Google Patents
具有纳米级二氧化硅光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管及其加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有纳米级SiO2光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管及其加工方法,包括衬底和外延层,外延层包括AlN成核层、GaN缓冲层、n型GaN层、InGaN/GaN超晶格层、In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱层、p‑AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层和p型GaN层,刻蚀部分外延层至n型GaN层,外延层未刻蚀部分形成梳齿型凸起结构,刻蚀部分形成与之匹配的梳齿型凹槽结构;在p型GaN层上设置ITO层、SiO2钝化层和P电极,在刻蚀暴露出的n型GaN层上设置N电极,N电极与n型GaN层之间沉积有SiO2钝化层,凸起结构侧壁上沉积有SiO2钝化层;其中,ITO层和SiO2钝化层具有沿P电极或N电极的形状均匀分布的图形化通孔结构。本发明一方面对发光二极管表面进行保护,并限制漏电流的产生,同时对电流进行扩展,减小电流集聚,提高了出光效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于半导体技术领域,涉及一种具有纳米级SiO2光栅钝化层的高效率GaN基发光二极管结构及其加工方法。
背景技术
GaN基发光二极管,尤其是蓝光发光二极管,因其具有发光效率高,使用寿命长特性,广泛应用于各种器件中,涉及照明领域、全色显示以及应用于生物、医疗、化工和光通信等领域,具有极大的市场潜力。而对其发光效率的提高和使用寿命的延长更是一个不断研究的话题。
因其GaN(n=2.5),平滑的ITO(n=2.08)和环境空气(n=1)之间的界面处发生的全内反射限制了光提取效率,有意粗糙化LED表面可以提高LED的光提取效率。
GaN基发光二极管,在其对外延片加工处理后,需要在芯片表面生长一层钝化层,防止芯片受到杂质的影响,减小漏电流和非辐射复合中心,同时隔绝p、N电极,防止短路。
GaN基发光二极管,一般常用为水平和倒装结构。在本研究中的水平结构发光二极管,因其电流在水平方向扩展受到台阶的阻碍,造成电流在电极附近聚集,热量集中并且复合产生的光子易被电极吸收,导致发光二极管外量子效率和寿命大大减小。
发明内容
为克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的旨在提出一种高光效的GaN基发光二极管结构,并同时提供一种GaN基发光二极管制作方法,使其改善电流扩展同时提高发光二极管的发光效率。
本发明上述第一个目的,其技术解决方法是:
一种具有纳米级SiO2光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管,包括图形化蓝宝石衬底和外延层,所述外延层包括依次层状叠加在蓝宝石衬底上的AlN成核层、GaN缓冲层、n型GaN层、InGaN/GaN超晶格层、In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱层、p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层和p型GaN层,刻蚀部分外延层至n型GaN层,外延层未刻蚀部分形成梳齿型凸起结构,刻蚀部分形成与之匹配的梳齿型凹槽结构;在p型GaN层上设置ITO层、SiO2钝化层和P电极,在刻蚀暴露出的n型GaN层上设置N电极,N电极与n型GaN层之间沉积有SiO2钝化层,凸起结构侧壁上沉积有SiO2钝化层;其中,所述ITO层上具有沿P电极形状均匀分布且垂直于ITO层的图形化通孔结构,所述SiO2钝化层具有沿P电极和N电极的形状均匀分布且垂直于SiO2钝化层的纳米级图形化通孔结构。
所述ITO层上的图形化通孔结构为圆柱通孔。
所述SiO2钝化层上的纳米级图形化通孔结构为圆柱、矩形或三角形通孔,通孔尺寸量级为亚波长级。
上述具有纳米级SiO2光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
(一)在衬底上生长外延层,然后利用ICP刻蚀部分外延层,暴露出n型GaN层,外延层未刻蚀部分形成梳齿型凸起结构,刻蚀部分形成与之匹配的梳齿型凹槽结构;
(二)在p型GaN层上沉积ITO层,利用光刻和ICP技术在ITO层上刻蚀出图形化通孔结构;
(三)在整体芯片表面沉积SiO2钝化层后,利用纳米压印技术在SiO2钝化层上刻蚀出图形化通孔结构;
(四)使用电子束蒸镀技术在SiO2钝化层表面沿图形化通孔结构分别制备P电极和N电极。
步骤(一)中,所述的衬底为图形化蓝宝石衬底,使用MOCVD生长外延层,其结构包括依次层状叠加在蓝宝石衬底上的AlN成核层、GaN缓冲层、n型GaN层、InGaN/GaN超晶格层、In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱、p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层、p型GaN层。
步骤(二)中,在p型GaN上使用电子束蒸镀技术沉积ITO层,复合利用光刻和ICP技术在ITO层上刻蚀出圆柱形通孔,沿P电极形状均匀分布在ITO层。
步骤(三)中,利用PECVD沉积SiO2钝化层,然后复合利用纳米压印技术、RIE刻蚀和等离子体灰化机在SiO2钝化层上刻蚀出通孔,所述通孔沿P电极和N电极形状均匀分布在SiO2钝化层中。
上述加工方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)提供一层图形化蓝宝石衬底;
(2)利用反应磁控溅射技术溅射一层AlN成核层;
(3)生长GaN缓冲层;
(4)生长n型GaN层;
(5)生长InGaN/GaN超晶格层;
(6)生长In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱层;
(7)生长p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层;
(8)生长p型GaN层;
(9)在生长好的外延片上旋涂光刻胶,再进行热回流工艺,使得光刻胶形成梳齿型结构;
(10)进行ICP刻蚀,暴露出n型GaN层;
(11)去除p型GaN层表面光刻胶;
(12)利用电子束蒸发技术在p型GaN层上沉积ITO层;
(13)利用光刻和ICP刻蚀ITO层;
(14)去除ITO层表面光刻胶;
(15)利用PECVD技术沉积SiO2钝化层;
(16)利用纳米压印技术在SiO2钝化层上制备纳米级圆柱通孔;
(17)蒸镀Cr/Pt/Au作为P电极和N电极。
所述步骤(13)中,在ITO层上刻蚀的图形为沿P电极形状均匀排列的圆柱通孔阵列:圆柱的直径为8-10μm,深度为230nm,间隔为25-27μm。
所述的步骤(16)具体为:利用纳米压印技术在SiO2钝化层上制备沿P电极、N电极均匀排列的纳米级圆柱通孔阵列,其中,圆柱的直径为450nm,深度为200nm,间隔为23-25μm。
本发明提出在原有的ITO层上使用圆柱形通孔,沿P电极、N电极形状均匀分布在ITO层,使得光滑的ITO层粗化后,打破原有的全反射界面,使光子出射概率提高,进而提高出光效率。这是区别现有GaN基发光二极管创新点之一
本发明提出在原有的SiO2钝化层上使用圆柱形通孔结构,首先钝化层防止芯片受到杂质的影响,减小漏电流和非辐射复合中心,同时隔绝P、N电极;再者纳米级的圆孔均匀分布在对应于P、N电极的ITO层上,起着光栅的作用,虽然减少了传统无孔的角度区域的出光率,但扩展了出光的角度区域,进而从总体上提高了发光二极管的发光效率;最后位于ITO层和电极之间的SiO2钝化层,通过ITO层孔沉积在p-GaN上,充当着电流阻挡层对电流扩展,使电流均匀分布在发光二极管内部,同时减少电极对光子的吸收。这是区别现有GaN基发光二极管创新点之二。
本发明一方面对发光二极管表面进行保护,并限制漏电流的产生,另一方面对电流进行扩展,减小电流集聚,最后图形化的ITO层和SiO2光栅结构钝化层有效提高了发光二极管出光效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明GaN基发光二极管的结构示意图;
图2为本发明GaN基发光二极管的制造流程图;
图3为本发明GaN基发光二极管的俯视示意图;
图4为本发明的GaN基发光二极管与传统的GaN基发光二极管光输出功率对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
在本实施例中,GaN基发光二极管,如图1所示,其包括图形化蓝宝石衬底1,AlN成核层2、GaN缓冲层3、n型GaN层4、InGaN/GaN超晶格层5,In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱层6,p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层7,p型GaN层8,ITO层9,SiO2钝化层10,P电极和N电极。
本发明发光二极管制造流程图参照图2,具体实施步骤如下:
(1)将清洗干净的c面图形化蓝宝石衬底1放置在可旋转的基板上;
(2)将反应室抽成2.5×10-3Pa的真空室,通入H2;
(3)在温度为1010℃的条件下,生长一层25nm厚的AlN成核层;
(4)在温度为525℃的条件下,生长一层3μm厚的GaN缓冲层;
(5)在温度为1010℃的条件下,生长2.5μm的n-GaN层,Si的掺杂浓度为1×1019/cm-3;
(6)通入N2;
(7)生长500nm厚InGaN/GaN超晶格层,InGaN和GaN的生长温度分别控制在750℃和800℃;
(8)生长12周期In0.16Ga0.84N/GaN多量子阱层,其中In0.16Ga0.84N层的厚度为3nm,GaN层厚度为12nm,InGaN和GaN的生长温度分别控制在730℃和820℃;
(9)通入N2和H2;
(10)在温度为900℃的条件下,生长一层48nm厚的p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层;
(11)在温度为945℃的条件下,生长一层50nm厚的p型GaN层,p-GaN中Mg的掺杂浓度为1×1020/cm-3;
(12)在N2气氛、550℃温度条件下,退火20min,外延生长过程结束;
(13)外延片上旋涂光刻胶,再进行热回流工艺。光刻胶的厚度为1-2μm,匀胶速度为:低速下900r/min,持续10s,后转入高速:4000r/min持续50s,涂后在90℃的热板上烘烤1min;
(14)外延片光刻,参数如下:光刻时间:14s,设备电压:60v,电流:1mA;
(15)ICP刻蚀外延片,刻蚀到n型GaN层,刻蚀的气压:10mTorr;刻蚀的时间:10min;刻蚀的深度:1μm;刻蚀的气体为Cl2、BCl3,刻蚀的速率比:1:3;
(16)超净间去胶,利用浸入丙酮溶液的外延片放入超声清洗机中,调节参数:超声的频率为20Hz,时间为1min,并用酒精和去离子水清洗,重复此步骤,直至清洗干净;此时,外延层未刻蚀部分形成梳齿型凸起结构,刻蚀部分形成与之匹配的梳齿型凹槽结构;
(17)电子束蒸镀在p型GaN上沉积ITO层,ITO层的厚度为230nm;
(18)ITO层上匀涂光刻胶,光刻胶的厚度为1-2μm,匀胶速度为:低速下900r/min持续10s,后转入高速:4000r/min,持续50s,涂后在90℃的热板上烘烤1min;
(19)ITO层光刻,参数如下:光刻时间:14s;设备电压:60v;电流:1mA;掩膜版的图形沿对应于P电极形状均匀分布的的圆孔结构;
(20)ICP刻蚀ITO层,刻蚀的压强:10mTorr;刻蚀的时间:10min;刻蚀的深度:1μm;刻蚀的气体为Cl2、BCl3,刻蚀的速率比:1:3;
(21)超净间去胶,利用浸入丙酮溶液的外延片放入超声清洗机中,调节参数:超声的频率为20Hz,时间为1min,并用酒精和去离子水清洗,重复此步骤,直至清洗干净;
(22)PECVD沉积SiO2钝化层,反应气体(N2O/10%SiH4)比例为33.3,射频功率为50W,温度为300℃,腔体压强为850mTorr时,SiO2薄膜沉积速率约为640A/min,沉积厚度为200nm的SiO2钝化层;
(23)SiO2层上匀涂光刻胶,压印胶类型为mr-17010E,转速为2000r/min持续30s,厚度为110nm,涂后在140℃的热板上烘烤2min;
(24)温度升高至130℃(压印胶玻璃化温度Tg=60℃),压印胶由固态变为烙融态,使用带有圆柱形凸起结构的Si模板以15KN的压力按压样品,保持25min,温度降至45℃,压印胶结构凝固变硬,活塞退回原位,释放压力;
(25)RIE去除残留压印胶,参数为:刻蚀压强:20mTorr;刻蚀功率:20W;刻蚀气体及流速:O2为2sccm/s和N2为20sccm/s;刻蚀速率:0.74nm/s;
(26)RIE刻蚀SiO2钝化层,参数为:刻蚀压强:50mTorr;刻蚀功率:45W;刻蚀气体及流速:CF4为14sccm/s和CHF3为26sccm/s;刻蚀速率:0.58nm/s;
(27)等离子体灰化机去除残余压印胶,参数为:刻蚀压强:1.2mbar;刻蚀功率:600W;刻蚀气体及流速:O2为400sccm/s和N2为70sccm/s;
(28)残余的SiO2钝化层用SiO2刻蚀药剂去除,SiO2刻蚀剂由体积比为1:14的SiOEtch和去离子水组成,SiOEtch用润湿剂稀释的12.5%氢氟酸缓冲液,刻蚀速率为6nm/min;
(29)电子束蒸镀在ITO层上的SiO2钝化层上沉积P电极,其成分为Cr/Pt/Au;
(30)电子束蒸镀在沉积在n-GaN层上的SiO2钝化层上沉积N电极,其成分为Cr/Pt/Au。
由本发明的GaN基发光二极管与传统的GaN基发光二极管光输出功率对比图(图4)可以看出,本发明制备的GaN基发光二极管在同样电流下的光输出功率比传统GaN基发光二极管高很多。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有纳米级SiO2光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管,包括图形化蓝宝石衬底和外延层,其特征在于:所述外延层包括依次层状叠加在蓝宝石衬底上的AlN成核层、GaN缓冲层、n型GaN层、InGaN/GaN超晶格层、In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱层、p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层和p型GaN层,刻蚀部分外延层至n型GaN层,外延层未刻蚀部分形成梳齿型凸起结构,刻蚀部分形成与之匹配的梳齿型凹槽结构;在p型GaN层上设置ITO层、SiO2钝化层和P电极,在刻蚀暴露出的n型GaN层上设置N电极,N电极与n型GaN层之间沉积有SiO2钝化层,凸起结构侧壁上沉积有SiO2钝化层;其中,所述ITO层上具有沿P电极形状均匀分布且垂直于ITO层的第一图形化通孔结构,所述第一图形化通孔结构为直径为8-10μm的圆柱通孔;所述SiO2钝化层具有沿P电极和N电极的形状均匀分布且垂直于SiO2钝化层的纳米级的第二图形化通孔结构,所述第二图形化通孔结构的通孔尺寸量级为亚波长级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有纳米级SiO2光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管,其特征在于:所述SiO2钝化层上的纳米级的第二图形化通孔结构为圆柱、矩形或三角形通孔。
3.一种权利要求1所述的具有纳米级SiO2光栅钝化层的GaN基发光二极管的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(一)在衬底上生长外延层,然后利用ICP刻蚀部分外延层,暴露出n型GaN层,外延层未刻蚀部分形成梳齿型凸起结构,刻蚀部分形成与之匹配的梳齿型凹槽结构;
(二)在p型GaN层上沉积ITO层,利用光刻和ICP技术在ITO层上刻蚀出第一图形化通孔结构;
(三)在整体芯片表面沉积SiO2钝化层后,利用纳米压印技术在SiO2钝化层上刻蚀出第二图形化通孔结构;
(四)使用电子束蒸镀技术在SiO2钝化层表面沿第二图形化通孔结构分别制备P电极和N电极。
4.根据权利要求3所述的加工方法,其特征在于:步骤(一)中,所述的衬底为图形化蓝宝石衬底,使用MOCVD生长外延层,其结构包括依次层状叠加在蓝宝石衬底上的AlN成核层、GaN缓冲层、n型GaN层、InGaN/GaN超晶格层、In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱、p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层、p型GaN层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的加工方法,其特征在于:步骤(二)中,在p型GaN上使用电子束蒸镀技术沉积ITO层,复合利用光刻和ICP技术在ITO层上刻蚀出圆柱形通孔,沿P电极形状均匀分布在ITO层。
6.根据权利要求3所述的加工方法,其特征在于:步骤(三)中,利用PECVD沉积SiO2钝化层,然后复合利用纳米压印技术、RIE刻蚀和等离子体灰化机在SiO2钝化层上刻蚀出通孔,所述通孔沿P电极和N电极形状均匀分布在SiO2钝化层中。
7.根据权利要求3所述的加工方法,其特征在于:具体包括以下步骤:
(1)提供一层图形化蓝宝石衬底;
(2)利用反应磁控溅射技术溅射一层AlN成核层;
(3)生长GaN缓冲层;
(4)生长n型GaN层;
(5)生长InGaN/GaN超晶格层;
(6)生长In0.16Ga0.84N多量子阱层;
(7)生长p-AlGaN/GaN电子阻挡层;
(8)生长p型GaN层;
(9)在生长好的外延片上旋涂光刻胶,再进行热回流工艺;
(10)进行ICP刻蚀,暴露出n型GaN层;
(11)去除p型GaN层表面光刻胶;
(12)利用电子束蒸发技术在p型GaN层上沉积ITO层;
(13)利用光刻和ICP刻蚀ITO层;
(14)去除ITO层表面光刻胶;
(15)利用PECVD技术沉积SiO2钝化层;
(16)利用纳米压印技术在SiO2钝化层上制备纳米级圆柱通孔;
(17)蒸镀Cr/Pt/Au作为P电极和N电极。
8.根据权利要求7所述的加工方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(13)中,在ITO层上刻蚀的图形为沿P电极形状均匀排列的圆柱通孔阵列:圆柱的直径为8-10μm,深度为230nm,间隔为25-27μm。
9.根据权利要求7所述的加工方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(16)具体为:利用纳米压印技术在SiO2钝化层上制备沿P电极、N电极均匀排列的纳米级圆柱通孔阵列,其中,圆柱的直径为450nm,深度为200nm,间隔为23-25μm。
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