CN108456385A - 一种用于光固化3d打印的离型膜及其制造工艺 - Google Patents

一种用于光固化3d打印的离型膜及其制造工艺 Download PDF

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CN108456385A
CN108456385A CN201810422438.7A CN201810422438A CN108456385A CN 108456385 A CN108456385 A CN 108456385A CN 201810422438 A CN201810422438 A CN 201810422438A CN 108456385 A CN108456385 A CN 108456385A
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姚志锋
郭琰辉
王虎
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Beijing Qing Feng Era Technology Co Ltd
Ningbo Shi Sheng Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Ningbo Shi Sheng Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜,及其制造工艺,是有聚合物颗粒以及固态阻聚剂共同挤出成膜,该离型膜覆盖在料池的底部,料池内填充有液态可聚合材料,离型膜与可聚合材料相接触,所述离型膜为有机薄膜,该有机薄膜的表面上附着有阻聚剂,阻聚剂使得离型膜表面上维持有一层液态的离型层,该离型层为不发生聚合反应的可聚合材料,UV光照后,可聚合材料聚合后的3D打印物与液态可聚合材料接触,故3D打印物能够与其直接脱离,从而提高了3D打印的速度,而且阻聚剂所组成的阻聚层为固定结构,实现上述效果的工艺较为简便。

Description

一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜及其制造工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及技术领域为三维成型领域,特别涉及一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜及其制造工艺。
背景技术
光固化3D打印的技术原理是先将三维模型通过一个方向进行分层,从而获取每层的轮廓信息或者图像信息,然后通过光源来实现每层的数据信息,将聚合物单体与预聚体组成光引发剂(光敏剂),经过UV光照射后,引起聚合反应,完成每一层的固化,重复迭代,最后形成一个三维实体模型。一般的下置光源的光固化3D打印设备(如图1所示)在竖直方向上从上至下包括成型台、构建平台以及UV光机,构建平台上设有用于盛放可聚化材料的料池,可聚化材料在料池的底部收到UV光照射后发生固化,由于每打印一层,需要将正在构造的3D打印物从料池的底面分离出来料池与固化的树脂粘力大,分离难度大,而且分离后还需要静置几秒钟使得液面能够平稳,打印一层往往需要十几秒钟,效率低。
现有技术中,采用的方式是利用机械步骤将正在构造的3D打印物剥离料池底面,这样的机械步骤不仅对于机械结构的精度要求高,而且剥离步骤增加了制造的整体时间。另外申请号为201480008529.6,申请日为2014-02-10的《通过承载体利用进料的3D打印的方法和设备》专利中公开了:3D打印物固化发生区域的底面通过半渗透性元件与聚合液膜脱离层,起到了隔绝固化的作用,新的固化层与固化发生区域的底面分离(料池底面),那么无需通过复杂的机械步骤将其二进行分离,这样提高了3D打印的效率。但是要实现上述的技术方案,需要将抑制剂流体保持在固化发生区域的底面上,抑制剂抑制可聚合材料固化,并始终维持一定厚度的可聚合材料液膜等以上要求。在实际操作过程中,抑制剂供给的流速,半渗透性元件对于抑制剂渗透效果与可聚合材料液膜的厚度等变量均会对于固化造成影响,进一步影响3D打印物最后的成型效果,该设备在实际应用时由于变量多,所以制造工艺难度较大,成本高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种3D打印物在固化过程中能够快速离型,制造效率高且稳定的离型膜以及制造工艺。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜,该离型膜覆盖在料池的底部,料池内填充有液态可聚合材料,离型膜与可聚合材料相接触,所述离型膜为有机薄膜,该有机薄膜的表面上附着有阻聚剂,阻聚剂使得离型膜表面上维持有一层液态的离型层,该离型层为不发生聚合反应的可聚合材料。
采用以上所述的结构后,本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下的优点:阻聚剂使得可聚合材料不发生聚合反应,所以当UV光照射料池内可聚合材料时,料池底部的可聚合材料由于阻聚剂的作用不发生聚合反应,所以料池的底部有一层液态的可聚合材料,而阻聚剂无法作用到可聚合材料收到UV光照后发生聚合反应,可聚合材料聚合后的3D打印物与液态可聚合材料接触,故3D打印物能够与其直接脱离,从而提高了3D打印的速度,而且阻聚剂附着在有机薄膜上为固定结构,实现上述效果的工艺较为简单,制造成本低。
进一步地,所述有机薄膜为聚三氟氯乙烯薄膜、聚四氟乙烯薄膜、聚偏氟乙烯薄膜、聚氟乙烯薄膜、聚三氯乙烯薄膜、偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物薄膜、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基醚共聚物薄膜、四氟乙烯-六氟丙稀共聚物薄膜、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙稀共聚物薄膜、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物薄膜、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物薄膜、含氟丙烯酸脂共聚物薄膜、氟化乙丙烯薄膜中的任一种。
进一步地,所述阻聚剂为邻硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二胺、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和吩噻嗪任一或是随机组合。
另外,一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺包括:(a)将固体阻聚剂30%—70%与聚合物颗粒30%—70%搅拌均匀;(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化;(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行冷却、拉伸成膜;
进一步地,将进过步骤(c)处理后的离型膜在为冷却完全前,对该离型膜表面喷涂阻聚剂。
进一步地,所述挤出机螺杆加热温度为220℃—270℃,流延机加热温度为200℃—250℃。进一步地,所述料池底部表面经过磨砂处理,该料池底部表面毛糙,有利于阻聚剂的附着。
进一步地,所阻聚剂为邻硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二胺、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和吩噻嗪任一或是随机组合。
进一步地,:聚合物颗粒为聚三氟氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚三氯乙烯任一或是随机组合。
其次,本发明还保护了使用上述离型膜的光固化3D打印设备。
附图说明
图1是光固化3D打印设备的结构示意图;
图2是本发明中料池在使用状态下的结构示意图。
其中:1、料池;2、可聚合材料;21、液态离型层;3、3D打印物;4、成型台;5、UV光源;6、离型膜;61阻聚剂。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对发明作进一步详细地说明。
由图1所示的本发明构示意图可知,一种下至光源的光固化3D打印设备包括用于支撑3D打印物的成型台4,成型台4连有机械驱动装置,机械驱动装置带动成型台4与3D打印物在竖直方向上位移;在成型台4的下方设有构建平台,该构建平台上设有可透光的料池1,所述料池1用于盛放液态的可聚合材料2;在料池1的下方设有UV光源5,UV光源5提供使可聚合材料2发生聚合反应的UV光,该UV光源5穿透料池1,对于料池1内的可聚合材料2进行照射,可聚合材料2在料池1内聚合固化,然后通过成型台4将3D打印物3(可聚合材料固化后)向上拉离料池1底面,液态的可聚合材料2回流到料池1底面后,再继续收到光照进行固化,这样逐层打印,形成完成的3D打印件。
由于3D打印物3与料池1都是固态状态,二者之间的表面附着力大,如果直接将两者分离,对于料池1底部和3D打印物3都会有一定的机械损坏。如图2所示,在料池1的底部覆有离型膜6,具体的,该离型膜6为有机薄膜,且该有机薄膜上的表面附着阻聚剂61,离型膜6的厚度为0.5mm至10mm,阻聚剂61与可聚合材料接触后,阻聚剂61能够阻碍可聚合材料2发生聚合反应,从而使得料池1底面上维持有一层液态可聚合材2,该层液态可聚合材料为液态离型层21,可聚合材料2与料池1底部之间通过液态离型层21间隔,UV光源5后,可聚合材料2在液态离型层21的表面上发生聚合固化,然后通过成型台4将3D打印物3(可聚合材料固化后)向上拉离液态离型层21的表面,由于这个拉离动作发生在固态物质和液态物质之间,所以产生的附着力较小,3D打印物3能够直接被拉离液态离型层21,且并拉离动作不会对3D打印物3与料池1产生机械性的损坏,所以液态离型层21的设置,提高了离型步骤的效率,而且对于3D打印件成型的精度有了一定的提高。
其中,所述有机薄膜为聚三氟氯乙烯薄膜、聚四氟乙烯薄膜、聚偏氟乙烯薄膜、聚氟乙烯薄膜、聚三氯乙烯薄膜、偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物薄膜、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基醚共聚物薄膜、四氟乙烯-六氟丙稀共聚物薄膜、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙稀共聚物薄膜、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物薄膜、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物薄膜、含氟丙烯酸脂共聚物薄膜、氟化乙丙烯薄膜中的任一种,所述阻聚剂61为邻硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二胺、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和吩噻嗪任一或是随机组合。本实施方式中并不对阻聚剂6的组份进行限定,为了离型膜2能够更好的附着在料池1底部,将料池1底部进行磨砂处理,使其表面毛糙,且磨砂程度不应过高,不影响UV光的透光率。
对于上述的用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺,具体包括:
(a)将固体阻聚剂30%—70%与聚合物颗粒30%—70%搅拌均匀;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化,挤出机的螺杆加热温度为220℃;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行冷却、拉伸成膜;
其中,所述阻聚剂6为邻硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二胺、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和吩噻嗪任一或是随机组合,所述聚合物颗粒为聚三氟氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚三氯乙烯任一或是随机组合。
优选的,为了让有机薄膜表面附着更多的阻聚剂61,可以将进过步骤(c)处理后拉伸完全的膜表面喷涂阻聚剂61,然后进行冷却,上述工艺步骤中,所述挤出机螺杆加热温度为220℃—270℃,流延机加热温度为200℃—250℃。
在料池1底部表面经过磨砂处理,该料池1底部表面毛糙,有利于阻聚剂6的附着,所述阻聚剂6为邻硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二胺任一或是随机组合。
实施例1
用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺,具体包括:
(a)将1.5份邻硝基苯酚与1.5份对羟基苯甲醚固体和7份聚三氟氯乙烯混合均匀,通过高速搅拌机混合,混合3次,混合时间为3min/次,密封保存后备用;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化,挤出机螺杆加热温度为220℃;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行拉伸成膜,流延机摸头温度为200℃,冷却至80℃后双向拉伸,使薄膜厚度为2mm±0.5mm,对该薄膜的表面进行喷涂,喷涂物料为1份邻硝基苯酚与1份对羟基苯甲醚固体的混合物,然后进行冷却、切割。
实施例2
用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺,具体包括:
(a)将1.5份对苯二酚与1.5份对苯二酚固体和3份聚四氟乙烯混合均匀,通过高速搅拌机混合,混合3次,混合时间为3min/次,密封保存后备用;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化,挤出机螺杆加热温度为270℃;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行拉伸成膜,流延机摸头温度为200℃,冷却至80℃后双向拉伸,使薄膜厚度为2mm±0.5mm,对该薄膜的表面进行喷涂,喷涂物料为1份对苯二酚与1份对苯二酚固体的混合物,然后进行冷却、切割。
实施例3
(a)将1.5份对苯二酚与1.5份对苯二酚固体和3份聚偏氟乙烯与4份聚四氟乙烯混合均匀,通过高速搅拌机混合,混合3次,混合时间为3min/次,密封保存后备用;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化,挤出机螺杆加热温度为270℃;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行拉伸成膜,流延机摸头温度为200℃,冷却至80℃后双向拉伸,使薄膜厚度为2mm±0.5mm,对该薄膜的表面进行喷涂,喷涂无聊为1份对苯二酚与1份对苯二酚固体的混合物,然后进行冷却、切割。
实施例4
(a)将1.5份对叔丁基邻苯二酚与1.5份吩噻嗪固体和3份聚氟乙烯与4份聚三氯乙烯混合均匀,通过高速搅拌机混合,混合3次,混合时间为3min/次,密封保存后备用;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化,挤出机螺杆加热温度为250℃;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行拉伸成膜,流延机摸头温度为200℃,冷却至80℃后双向拉伸,使薄膜厚度为2mm±0.5mm,对该薄膜的表面进行喷涂,喷涂无聊为1份对叔丁基邻苯二酚与1份吩噻嗪固体的混合物,然后进行冷却、切割。
实施例5
(a)将2份对叔丁基邻苯二酚与1份吩噻嗪固体和2份聚氟乙烯与5份聚偏氟乙烯混合均匀,通过高速搅拌机混合,混合3次,混合时间为3min/次,密封保存后备用;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化,挤出机螺杆加热温度为270℃;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行拉伸成膜,流延机摸头温度为220℃,冷却至80℃后双向拉伸,使薄膜厚度为2mm±0.5mm,对该薄膜的表面进行喷涂,喷涂无聊为1份对叔丁基邻苯二酚与1份吩噻嗪固体的混合物,然后进行冷却、切割。
实施例6
(a)将2份对叔丁基邻苯二酚与1份吩噻嗪固体和7份聚四氟乙烯混合均匀,通过高速搅拌机混合,混合3次,混合时间为3min/次,密封保存后备用;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化,挤出机螺杆加热温度为250℃;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行拉伸成膜,流延机摸头温度为200℃,冷却至80℃后双向拉伸,使薄膜厚度为2mm±0.5mm,对该薄膜的表面进行喷涂,喷涂无聊为2份对叔丁基邻苯二酚与1份吩噻嗪固体的混合物,然后进行冷却、切割。
以上所述,仅是本发明较佳可行的实施示例,不能因此即局限本发明的权利范围,对熟悉本领域的技术人员来说,凡运用本发明的技术方案和技术构思做出的其他各种相应的改变都应属于在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜,该离型膜覆盖在料池的底部,料池内填充有液态可聚合材料,离型膜与可聚合材料相接触,其特征在于,所述离型膜为有机薄膜,该有机薄膜的表面上附着有阻聚剂,阻聚剂使得离型膜表面上维持有一层液态的离型层,该离型层为不发生聚合反应的可聚合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜,其特征在于:所述有机薄膜为聚三氟氯乙烯薄膜、聚四氟乙烯薄膜、聚偏氟乙烯薄膜、聚氟乙烯薄膜、聚三氯乙烯薄膜、偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物薄膜、四氟乙烯-全氟烷基醚共聚物薄膜、四氟乙烯-六氟丙稀共聚物薄膜、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙稀共聚物薄膜、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物薄膜、乙烯-三氟氯乙烯共聚物薄膜、含氟丙烯酸脂共聚物薄膜、氟化乙丙烯薄膜中的任一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜,其特征在于:所述阻聚剂为邻硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二胺、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和吩噻嗪任一或是随机组合。
4.一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺包括:
(a)将固体阻聚剂30%—70%与聚合物颗粒30%—70%搅拌均匀;
(b)将经过步骤(a)处理后混合物加入挤出机进行熔融塑化;
(c)将经过步骤(b)混合物加入流延机进行冷却、拉伸成膜。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺,其特征在于:将进过步骤(c)处理后的离型膜在为冷却完全前,对该离型膜表面喷涂阻聚剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺,其特征在于:所述挤出机螺杆加热温度为220℃—270℃,流延机加热温度为200℃—250℃。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺,其特征在于:所阻聚剂为邻硝基苯酚、对苯二酚、对羟基苯甲醚、对苯二胺、对叔丁基邻苯二酚和吩噻嗪任一或是随机组合。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于光固化3D打印的离型膜的制造工艺,其特征在于:聚合物颗粒为聚三氟氯乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、聚三氯乙烯任一或是随机组合。
9.一种光固化3D打印设备,包括成型台、料池、UV光源,所述料池底部覆有离型膜,其特征在于,所述离型膜为如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的离型膜。
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