CN108453351B - Aluminum pipe welding method - Google Patents
Aluminum pipe welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108453351B CN108453351B CN201810159106.4A CN201810159106A CN108453351B CN 108453351 B CN108453351 B CN 108453351B CN 201810159106 A CN201810159106 A CN 201810159106A CN 108453351 B CN108453351 B CN 108453351B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
Abstract
An aluminum pipe welding method is used for seamless butt welding between aluminum pipes with grooves, and the welding process comprises the following steps: welding a priming layer, wherein a welding gun transversely swings between two sides of the groove in a zigzag manner and moves in the groove along the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe at the same time, so that the priming layer is formed; and then welding the cover layer, wherein a high-frequency arc striking method and an attenuation arc extinguishing method are adopted, a welding gun transversely swings in a reverse crescent shape between two sides of the groove and moves in the groove along the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe, so that the cover layer is formed above the priming layer, the swinging speed of the welding gun is increased and then kept constant when the priming layer is welded and the cover layer is welded, and meanwhile, the moving distance of the welding gun in the circumferential direction is shortened and then kept constant. The invention adopts gapless assembly to carry out butt welding on the aluminum pipes. The swing speed of the welding gun is kept constant from slow to fast, and meanwhile, the moving distance of the welding gun along the welding direction is kept constant from long to short, so that the base metal is melted uniformly, and the quality of a welding seam is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an aluminum pipe welding method.
Background
The aviation aluminum pipe is usually provided with a groove and a gap, and welding defects are easy to occur when the priming layer is welded no matter the size of the gap. For example, poor weld formation, lack of penetration, porosity, burn-through, flash-over, and arc-over cracking. And the welding defect is unqualified when the welding defect seriously exceeds the standard, the welding defect exceeding the second grade is detected by X-ray detection and is regarded as a scrapped product, and the welding quality cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the welding defect caused in the process of welding the aluminum pipe with a groove and a gap, the invention provides an aluminum pipe welding method, which is used for pairing and welding the aluminum pipes with grooves without gaps, and the welding process comprises the following steps: welding a priming layer, namely adopting a high-frequency arc striking method and an attenuation arc quenching method, and moving a welding gun in the groove along the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe while swinging transversely in a zigzag manner between two sides of the groove so as to form the priming layer; and then welding the cover layer, wherein a high-frequency arc striking method and an attenuation arc extinguishing method are adopted, a welding gun transversely swings in a reverse crescent shape between two sides of the groove and moves in the groove along the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe, so that the cover layer is formed above the priming layer, the swinging speed of the welding gun is increased and then kept constant when the priming layer and the cover layer are welded, and meanwhile, the moving distance of the welding gun in the circumferential direction is shortened and then kept constant.
Preferably, the welding wire, the welding gun and the welding seam are in the same cross section, the welding gun is perpendicular to the welding seam along the radial direction of the aluminum pipe, and the included angle between the welding wire and the welding gun is not less than 105 degrees.
Preferably, the angle of the groove of the aluminum pipe is 59-61 degrees, the backing welding current is 125-135A, the current change time of arc striking and arc extinguishing is 3-5 seconds, and the welding frequency is 30-50 Hz.
Preferably, the swinging advancing distance of the welding gun after arc striking is reduced to 0.5-1 mm from 1-2 mm and is kept constant.
Preferably, during the welding process of the bottom layer, argon is conveyed for 5-10 seconds in advance during arc striking, and argon is stopped for 8-15 seconds after arc extinguishing.
Preferably, in the bottoming layer welding, when welding again, the welding gun starts arc striking at the position, in front of the arc pit, of not less than 5mm in the welding direction, then backs to the welding seam position, 2-3 mm behind the arc pit, of opposite direction to the welding direction, and starts welding, in the cover surface layer welding, the swinging speed of the welding gun is accelerated during arc closing, so that a slope gradually reduced in the welding direction is formed at the tail end of each section of welding seam, in addition, during welding joint, the welding gun starts arc striking at the position, in front of the arc pit, of not less than 5mm in the welding direction, moves to one side of a groove at the highest position of the slope to melt a groove edge angle of 0.5-1 mm, and then transversely swings to the other side of the groove to melt the groove edge angle of 0.5-1 mm, and the welding gun moves in the circumferential direction while transversely.
Preferably, in the welding of the bottom layer and the cover layer, the transverse swinging of the welding gun is an arc moving mode with two sides slow and the middle fast.
Preferably, the weld pool formed by each traverse is fused by three quarters overlapping the weld pool formed by the previous traverse during the welding of the facing layer.
Preferably, the bevel has a blunt edge, and the blunt edges of the aluminum tubes that are adjacent to each other abut.
In order to reduce welding defects and improve welding quality, the invention adopts the aviation aluminum pipes assembled without gaps for butt welding and adopts a high-frequency arc striking method, so that tungsten electrodes can be prevented from directly contacting a base metal and a molten pool, and tungsten slag inclusion is avoided. And by adopting an attenuation arc quenching method, the forming of the back surface of the welding seam is uniform in width. Argon arc welding is adopted for welding operation, a zigzag strip conveying method is adopted for the bottom layer, and a reversed crescent strip conveying method is adopted for the cover layer. And argon is fed in advance for 5-10 seconds during arc striking, and argon is turned off for 8-15 seconds after arc extinguishing, so that air is prevented from invading a molten pool to form air holes and tungsten electrodes are prevented from being oxidized. When the welding of each section of the cover surface layer is finished, the tail end of the welding line forms a slope along the welding direction, so that the welding gun moves the welded joint along the welding direction to smoothly transit. The swing speed of the welding gun is kept constant from slow to fast, and meanwhile, the moving distance of the welding gun along the welding direction is kept constant from long to short, so that the base metal is melted uniformly, and the quality of a welding seam is improved. Through X-ray flaw detection, the qualification rate reaches 99%, and the welding quality is greatly improved.
Drawings
The above features and technical advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a groove of an aluminum pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the position of a welding gun according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of a weld illustrating an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a primer layer according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of a facing layer illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the aluminum pipe welding method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways, or combinations thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Furthermore, in the present description, the drawings are not to scale and like reference numerals refer to like parts.
The invention relates to an aluminum pipe welding method, which is characterized in that the end faces of aluminum pipes processed with chamfers are butted to form a groove for welding, but no gap exists between the butted end faces of the aluminum pipes, namely, gapless assembly welding is adopted. The welding method is argon arc welding. The welding torch is moved in the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe (i.e., the arrow direction of fig. 2), and a weld is formed in the groove with the movement of the welding torch in the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe, and hereinafter, the direction in which the weld is formed in the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe with the movement of the welding torch is referred to as a welding direction. The welding process comprises the following steps:
and (3) welding the priming layer by adopting a high-frequency arc striking method and an attenuation arc quenching method, wherein a welding gun moves along the welding direction while transversely swinging in a zigzag manner between two sides of the groove as shown in figure 4, so that the welding of the priming layer is completed. As shown in fig. 3, where B is the formed primer layer.
And (3) welding the cover layer by adopting a high-frequency arc striking method and an attenuation arc extinguishing method, and moving a welding gun along the welding direction while swinging transversely in a reverse crescent shape between two sides of the groove so as to finish the welding of the cover layer. As shown in fig. 3, where a is the formed facing layer.
Also, in both the backing layer and the cover layer welding, the swing speed of the welding gun is increased and then kept constant, and at the same time, the distance it moves in the welding direction is shortened and then kept constant. As shown in fig. 5, the inverse crescent bar transporting method is a bar transporting method in which the welding gun swings back and forth in a crescent arc shape between two sides of the groove to form a crescent convex surface facing the welding direction.
The high-frequency arc ignition method is to use the high-frequency high voltage generated by a high-frequency oscillator to break down the gas gap between a tungsten electrode and a workpiece to ignite electric arcs, wherein the tungsten electrode is not in direct contact with a base metal and a molten pool so as to avoid the formation of tungsten slag inclusion.
The decaying arc extinction method is to pass a decaying current, or to raise the arc, or to accelerate the run, within a distance, for example 20 to 30mm, from the arc extinction point in front of the welding direction until the arc is finally extinguished.
The welding process is illustrated below with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
As shown in FIG. 1, the end surfaces of the aluminum pipe 10 and the aluminum pipe 20 are butted to form a groove 30. it can be seen that there is no gap between the end surfaces, the chamfer of the aluminum pipe of the present embodiment is 30, the angle α of the groove 30 formed by the butt joint is 60 DEG, pure argon gas having a purity of not less than 99.99% is used for argon gas, an inverter welding machine is used, the diameter of the welding wire may be 3mm phi, the welding wire 40, the welding gun 50 and the welding line are in the same cross section, the welding gun 50 is disposed perpendicular to the welding line in the radial direction of the aluminum pipe, and the welding wire 40 is inclined at an angle to the welding gun 50 toward the side of the welding direction, the diameter of the tungsten electrode 60 may be 3mm, and the length of the tungsten electrode 60 protruding from the welding gun 50 is 5mm, the backing welding current is 110 to 160A, preferably 125 to 135A, the current change time for arc striking and extinguishing is 3 to 5 seconds, preferably 4 seconds, the welding frequency is 30 to 50Hz, preferably 40 to 40 Hz. are merely exemplary welding parameters.
When the priming coat is welded, the distance between the tip of the tungsten electrode 60 and the base metal is 2mm, and the high-frequency arc striking can prevent the tungsten electrode from directly contacting the base metal and the molten pool so as to avoid the formation of tungsten slag inclusion. The swinging speed of the welding gun is changed from slow to fast and is kept constant, and meanwhile, the distance of the welding gun moving along the welding direction is changed from long to short and is kept constant. That is, since the temperature of the base material that has just formed the molten pool is relatively low, the traverse speed of the welding torch is slow, and the moving distance of the welding torch in the welding direction is slightly large. So that the base metal is melted uniformly and consistently and the quality of the welding seam is improved. For example, the arc striking head swings for four times after arc striking, and the swinging advancing distance of the welding gun is 1-2 mm. And when the temperature of the base metal gradually rises to the normal welding temperature, the moving distance of the welding gun along the welding direction is reduced to 0.5-1 mm, and the transverse swinging speed of the welding gun also tends to be constant. And when arc is closed, attenuation arc quenching is adopted, and the width of the back surface of the welding line is uniform. Preferably, the rest of the back of the weld is uniform and does not exceed 0.5 mm.
When the cover surface layer is welded, the welding is carried out by adopting a reverse crescent method, and the distance between the tip of the tungsten electrode 60 and the base metal is 5 mm. And the welding gun is stopped at one side in the grooves at two sides at will, and after the mother material is melted by 0.5-1 mm from the edge angle of any groove, the welding gun transversely draws an arc and swings to the edge angle of the groove at the other side, and the mother material is melted by 0.5-1 mm. Because the temperature of the base metal which just forms the molten pool is relatively low, the transverse swinging speed of the welding gun is kept constant from slow to fast, and meanwhile, the moving distance of the welding gun along the welding direction is kept constant from long to short. For example, the distance of the first three traverse swings advancing in the welding direction is 3mm, and after the temperature of the base material gradually rises to the normal welding temperature, the distance of each traverse swing advancing in the welding direction becomes 2mm, and thus the welding is repeated.
In an alternative embodiment, the bevel has a blunt edge and the tubes abut the blunt edge adjacent to each other. Wherein, the blunt edge refers to the end surface part which is not beveled along the wall thickness direction of the aluminum tube.
In an alternative embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the angle α of the aluminum tube bevel is in the range of 59-61 °.
In an alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 2, the welding wire, welding gun, and weld are in the same cross-section, the welding gun is perpendicular to the weld in the radial direction of the aluminum tube, and the welding wire and welding gun are at an angle β of not less than 105.
In an alternative embodiment, during the welding process of the bottom layer, argon is sent for 5-10 seconds in advance during arc striking, and argon is switched off for 8-15 seconds after arc extinguishing. For example, the argon gas can be turned off after the tungsten electrode is dark red, the turning off is delayed for 8-15 seconds, the argon gas at the arc striking position isolates the air, the molten pool is fully protected by the argon gas during welding, and the air is prevented from invading the molten pool to form air holes and the tungsten electrode is prevented from being oxidized.
In an optional embodiment, in the bottoming layer welding, when welding again, the welding gun starts to weld at a position which is 3-6 mm forward from the arc crater along the welding direction and then backs up to a position which is 2-3 mm behind the welding seam of the arc crater along the direction opposite to the welding direction, so that the welding seam and the arc crater are fully remelted. Wherein, the crater is a recess crater which is formed at the terminal end of a welding seam and is lower than the height of the welding seam.
In an alternative embodiment, during the welding of the cover layer, when the welding wire is melted to the tail end and the arc is closed, the swinging speed of the welding gun is increased, so that the molten iron amount is reduced, the swinging amplitude of the transverse arc is reduced, and the welding seam forms a slope along the welding direction at the end of each welding section. During welding of the joint, the welding gun starts an arc from the position 3-6 mm in front of the arc pit in the welding direction, moves backwards to one side of the groove at the highest position of the slope to melt the edge angle of the groove by 0.5-1 mm, and moves transversely to the other side of the groove to melt the edge angle of the groove by 0.5-1 mm, so that the welding gun moves to weld the joint in the welding direction in a smooth transition mode.
In an optional embodiment, in the welding of the bottom layer and the cover layer, the welding melting speed is uniform, the length of an electric arc is kept unchanged, an arc conveying mode with slow sides and fast middle is formed, the edges and corners of grooves at two sides are fully fused, the central temperature of a welding pool is reduced, and a high-quality welding seam is obtained.
In an alternative embodiment, the weld pool formed by each oscillation should be fused three quarters overlapping the weld pool formed by the previous oscillation when the facing is welded. The aluminum pipe welding method is applied to welding aluminum pipes, and adopts a gapless assembly welding mode. By adopting a high-frequency arc striking method, the tungsten electrode can be prevented from directly contacting the base metal and the molten pool, so that tungsten slag inclusion is avoided. And by adopting an attenuation arc quenching method, the forming of the back surface of the welding seam is uniform in width. Argon arc welding is adopted for welding operation, a zigzag strip conveying method is adopted for the bottom layer, and a reversed crescent strip conveying method is adopted for the cover layer. And argon is fed in advance for 5-10 seconds during arc striking, and argon is turned off for 8-15 seconds after arc extinguishing, so that air is prevented from invading a molten pool to form air holes and tungsten electrodes are prevented from being oxidized. When the welding of each section of the cover surface layer is finished, the tail end of the welding line forms a slope along the welding direction, so that the welding gun moves the welded joint along the welding direction to smoothly transit. The swing speed of the welding gun is kept constant from slow to fast, and meanwhile, the moving distance of the welding gun along the welding direction is kept constant from long to short, so that the base metal is melted uniformly, and the quality of a welding seam is improved. Through X-ray flaw detection, the qualification rate reaches 99%, and the welding quality is greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An aluminum pipe welding method is used for welding gapless groups between aluminum pipes with grooves, and is characterized in that the welding process comprises the following steps:
welding a priming layer, namely adopting a high-frequency arc striking method and an attenuation arc quenching method, and moving a welding gun in the groove along the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe while swinging transversely in a zigzag manner between two sides of the groove so as to form the priming layer; then, the user can use the device to perform the operation,
welding the cover layer by adopting a high-frequency arc striking method and an attenuation arc extinguishing method, moving a welding gun in the groove along the circumferential direction of the aluminum pipe while swinging transversely in a reverse crescent shape between two sides of the groove so as to form the cover layer above the priming layer,
wherein, when the welding of the bottom layer and the welding of the cover layer are carried out, the swing speed of the welding gun is increased and then kept constant, meanwhile, the moving distance of the welding gun along the circumferential direction is shortened and then kept constant,
wherein, in the process of welding the priming layer, when welding again, the welding gun starts arc striking at the position which is not less than 5mm in front of the arc pit along the welding direction, then backs to the welding seam 2-3 mm behind the arc pit along the direction opposite to the welding direction to start welding,
in the welding of the cover layer, the swinging speed of the welding gun is accelerated during arc closing, so that the tail end of each section of welding line forms a slope gradually reduced along the welding direction,
and when the joint is welded, the welding gun performs arc striking at the position which is not less than 5mm in front of the arc pit along the welding direction, moves to one side of the groove at the highest position of the slope to melt the edge angle of the groove by 0.5-1 mm, then transversely swings to the other side of the groove to melt the edge angle of the groove by 0.5-1 mm, and moves along the circumferential direction while transversely swinging, so that the joint is in smooth transition.
2. The aluminum pipe welding method as recited in claim 1,
the welding wire, the welding gun and the welding seam are in the same cross section, the welding gun is perpendicular to the welding seam along the radial direction of the aluminum pipe, and the included angle between the welding wire and the welding gun is not less than 105 degrees.
3. The aluminum pipe welding method as recited in claim 1,
the angle of the aluminum pipe groove is 59-61 degrees, the backing welding current is 125-135A, the current change time of arc striking and arc extinguishing is 3-5 seconds, and the welding frequency is 30-50 Hz.
4. The aluminum pipe welding method as recited in claim 1,
and the swinging advancing distance of the welding gun after arc striking is reduced to 0.5-1 mm from 1-2 mm, and the welding gun is kept constant.
5. The aluminum pipe welding method as recited in claim 1,
during the welding process of the bottom layer, argon is conveyed for 5-10 seconds in advance during arc striking, and argon is stopped for 8-15 seconds after arc extinguishing.
6. The aluminum pipe welding method as recited in claim 1,
in the welding of the bottom layer and the cover layer, the transverse swing of the welding gun is an arc conveying mode with slow sides and fast middle.
7. The aluminum pipe welding method as recited in claim 1,
when the cover surface layer is welded, a molten pool formed by each transverse swing is overlapped and fused by three quarters with a molten pool formed by the previous transverse swing.
8. The aluminum pipe welding method as recited in claim 1,
the groove is provided with a truncated edge, and the truncated edges of the aluminum pipes close to each other are jointed.
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| CN201810159106.4A CN108453351B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Aluminum pipe welding method |
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| CN201810159106.4A CN108453351B (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2018-02-26 | Aluminum pipe welding method |
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| CN111633300A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-08 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Butt welding method for 5A06 aluminum alloy pipes |
| CN112475514B (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2022-06-07 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Circuit board welding method, circuit board and electronic equipment |
| CN113664343A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-19 | 内蒙古第一机械集团股份有限公司 | Double-wire welding method for armor material GY4 |
| CN113909651A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 北京博清科技有限公司 | Welding method for calandria |
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| CN107225310A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-03 | 山东电力建设第工程公司 | Aluminium-alloy pipe argon arc welding process optimization method |
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| CN107225310A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-03 | 山东电力建设第工程公司 | Aluminium-alloy pipe argon arc welding process optimization method |
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