CN108432816B - Extraction method of active ingredients of Wangzao date and application of active ingredients in agriculture - Google Patents
Extraction method of active ingredients of Wangzao date and application of active ingredients in agriculture Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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Abstract
The invention provides an extraction method of active ingredients of Wangzao date and application of an extract thereof in preparing an active medicament for inhibiting agricultural pathogenic fungi, belonging to the technical field of botanical pesticides. The extraction method provided by the invention comprises the steps of crushing the Wangzao date, mixing the crushed Wangzao date with an organic solvent, and carrying out microwave treatment in four stages to obtain an extract, wherein the extract has certain bacteriostatic and bactericidal capacity on agricultural pathogenic fungi such as pear scab germs, pear ring rot germs, pear anthracnose germs, rice blast germs, penicillium, aspergillus niger and the like, and can be applied to preparation of corresponding germ prevention and control medicines. The extraction method is simple and quick, has wide raw material sources, has no special requirements on instruments, and is suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of botanical pesticides, and particularly relates to an extraction method of a wang date seed extract and application of the extract in agriculture.
Background
Diseases are one of the main factors influencing agricultural production, and yield loss is reduced by 10 to 15 percent of the total yield every year, wherein more than 70 percent of the yield loss is caused by pathogenic fungi. Chemical pesticides have long been the main and even the only way to control fungal diseases. The long-term application of chemical pesticides poses serious safety risks to human health and the ecological environment. The search for safe and efficient fungal disease control methods is an urgent problem in current agricultural production. The botanical pesticide takes active substances or plant tissues generated by plant cells as the pesticide, has the advantages of wide raw material source, small toxic and side effect, safety to non-target organisms, environmental protection and the like, and is a new trend of global pesticide research and development at present.
The Wangzao date (Isodon amethystoides (Benth) Cy Wu et Hsuan) is a plant of Rabdosia of Labiatae, contains multiple effective medicinal components, has the functions of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, resisting oxidation, resisting tumors, resisting thrombus and the like, is a folk flow of ' sores and not sores ', and three bowls of Wangzao date soup ', so the research on the Wangzao dates is mostly focused on the treatment of diseases, for example, the Wangzao dates are applied to the preparation of the medicine for treating the autoimmune diseases in the Chinese patent CN03112870.X, and the Wangzao dates are applied to the preparation of the medicine for treating the autoimmune diseases by utilizing the cell immunosuppression and the humoral immunosuppression effects of the Chinese patent CN1541643A, but no record is provided for the application of the Wangzao dates to agricultural activities.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for extracting an active ingredient from wang date, wherein the extracted active ingredient has a good control effect on fungal diseases in agricultural production, and solves the problems of health, environment and ecology caused by the use of chemical pesticides currently.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for extracting active ingredients of Wangzao date, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the Wangzao date, mixing the crushed Wangzao date with an organic solvent according to the mass volume ratio of 1kg to (1-5) L, and performing first microwave extraction, wherein the power of the first microwave is 50-200W, and the time of the first microwave is 120-180 s;
2) step 1) carrying out second microwave extraction after the first microwave, wherein the power of the second microwave is 45-50W, and the time of the second microwave is 350-450 s;
3) step 2) carrying out third microwave extraction after the second microwave, wherein the power of the third microwave is 50-100W, and the time of the third microwave is 180-220 s;
4) and 3) carrying out fourth microwave extraction after the third microwave, wherein the power of the fourth microwave is 40-50W, and the time of the fourth microwave is 550-650 s, so as to obtain the active ingredients of the Wangzao date.
Preferably, the particle size of the crushed particles in the step 1) is 170-230 meshes.
Preferably, the organic solvent in step 1) comprises saturated monohydric alcohols, saturated ketones, esters or chloroform.
Preferably, the temperature of the first microwave in the step 1) is 40-70 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the second microwave in the step 2) is 35-65 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the third microwave in the step 3) is 35-65 ℃.
Preferably, after the fourth microwave in step 4), the method further comprises the steps of performing rotary evaporation on the extract and drying in vacuum.
The invention also provides the active ingredients of the Wangzao date extracted by the extraction method.
The invention also provides an application of the active ingredients of the Wangzao date in inhibiting the activity of agricultural pathogenic fungi.
Preferably, the agricultural pathogenic fungi comprise pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, rice blast, penicillium and aspergillus niger.
The invention provides an extraction method of active ingredients of Wangzao date and application of the extract in preparing medicines for inhibiting the activity of agricultural pathogenic fungi. The active ingredients separated by the multistage microwave-assisted extraction method mainly comprise Wangzao date essence A, Wangzao date essence B and Wangzao date essence C, and the content of the active ingredients in leaves of Wangzao date fruit reaches 2.23%, 1.63% and 0.21% of the dry weight. These active ingredients are effective in inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic fungi.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for extracting active ingredients of Wangzao date, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the Wangzao date, mixing the crushed Wangzao date with an organic solvent according to the mass volume ratio of 1kg to (1-5) L, and performing first microwave extraction, wherein the power of the first microwave is 50-200W, and the time of the first microwave is 120-180 s;
2) step 1) carrying out second microwave extraction after the first microwave, wherein the power of the second microwave is 45-50W, and the time of the second microwave is 350-450 s;
3) step 2) carrying out third microwave extraction after the second microwave, wherein the power of the third microwave is 50-100W, and the time of the third microwave is 180-220 s;
4) and 3) carrying out fourth microwave extraction after the third microwave, wherein the power of the fourth microwave is 40-50W, and the time of the fourth microwave is 550-650 s, so as to obtain the active ingredients of the Wangzao date.
The invention is characterized in that when active ingredients of the Wangzao date are extracted, the Wangzao date is crushed and then mixed with an organic solvent according to the mass-volume ratio of 1kg (1-5) L, and the microwave extraction is carried out, in the invention, the Wangzao date is preferably leaves of the Wangzao date, the leaves are preferably dried, the method of drying treatment is not particularly limited, and the conventional drying treatment method in the field can be utilized, the crushed particle size of the Wangzao date is preferably 170-230 meshes, more preferably 180-220 meshes, and most preferably 200 meshes, in the invention, after crushing, the Wangzao date is mixed with the organic solvent according to the mass-volume ratio of 1kg (1-5) L, and the mass-volume ratio is preferably 1kg (2-4) L, more preferably 1kg: 3L.
The organic solvent preferably comprises saturated monohydric alcohols, saturated ketones, esters or chloroform, and when the organic solvent is the saturated monohydric alcohols, the saturated monohydric alcohols preferably comprise ethanol, and the mass concentration (or volume concentration) of the ethanol is preferably 100%; when the organic solvent is saturated ketones, the saturated ketones preferably include acetone, and the mass concentration (or volume concentration) of the acetone is preferably 100%; when the organic solvent is an ester, the ester preferably comprises ethyl acetate, and the mass concentration (or volume concentration) of the ethyl acetate is preferably 100%; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the mass concentration (or volume concentration) of chloroform is preferably 100%.
The time of the first microwave is preferably 120-180 s, more preferably 140-160 s, and most preferably 150 s; in the present invention, when the organic solvent is different, the power and the temperature of the first microwave are preferably different, specifically: when the organic solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the power of the first microwave is preferably 200W, and the temperature of the first microwave is preferably 70 ℃; when the organic solvent is saturated ketones, the power of the first microwave is preferably 70W, and the temperature of the first microwave is preferably 45 ℃; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the power of the first microwave is preferably 50W, and the temperature of the first microwave is preferably 40 ℃; when the organic solvent is an ester, the power of the first microwave is preferably 60W, and the temperature of the first microwave is preferably 55 ℃.
After the first microwave is finished, the second microwave extraction is continued. The time of the second microwave is preferably 350 to 450s, more preferably 380 to 420s, and most preferably 400 s. In the present invention, when the organic solvent is different, the power and the temperature of the second microwave are preferably different, specifically: when the organic solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the power of the second microwave is preferably 50W, and the temperature of the second microwave is preferably 65 ℃; when the organic solvent is saturated ketone, the power of the second microwave is preferably 50W, and the temperature of the second microwave is preferably 40 ℃; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the power of the second microwave is preferably 45W, and the temperature of the second microwave is preferably 35 ℃; when the organic solvent is an ester, the power of the second microwave is preferably 50W, and the temperature of the second microwave is preferably 40 ℃.
After the second microwave is finished, the third microwave extraction is carried out. The time of the third microwave is preferably 180 to 220s, more preferably 190 to 210s, and most preferably 200 s. In the present invention, when the organic solvents are different, the power and the temperature of the third microwave are preferably different, specifically: when the organic solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the power of the third microwave is preferably 100W, and the temperature of the third microwave is preferably 65 ℃; when the organic solvent is saturated ketone, the power of the third microwave is preferably 60W, and the temperature of the third microwave is preferably 40 ℃; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the power of the third microwave is preferably 50W, and the temperature of the third microwave is preferably 35 ℃; when the organic solvent is an ester, the power of the third microwave is preferably 60W, and the temperature of the third microwave is preferably 40 ℃.
After the third microwave is finished, the fourth microwave is carried out to extract the active ingredients of the Wangzao date. The time of the fourth microwave is preferably 550 to 650s, more preferably 580 to 620s, and most preferably 600 s. In the present invention, when the organic solvents are different, the power of the fourth microwave is preferably different, specifically: when the organic solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the power of the fourth microwave is preferably 50W; when the organic solvent is saturated ketone, the power of the fourth microwave is preferably 50W; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the power of the fourth microwave is preferably 40W; when the organic solvent is an ester, the power of the fourth microwave is preferably 50W. The temperature of the fourth microwave extraction is not particularly limited in the present invention.
The present invention preferably further comprises, after the fourth microwave, spin-steaming the extract and vacuum-drying. The apparatus for the rotary evaporation and vacuum drying is not particularly limited, the rotary evaporation is preferably carried out on an IKARV 10basic rotary evaporator, the heating temperature of the rotary evaporation is preferably 60 ℃, the vacuum degree of the rotary evaporation is preferably 95-98 kPa, and the rotating speed of the rotary evaporation is preferably 20 r/min. The vacuum drying is preferably carried out in a vacuum drying oven of the empty DZF-6051 type to obtain a dry blocky product.
The invention also provides the active ingredients of the Wangzao date extracted by the extraction method. In the present invention, the active ingredients preferably include Wangzaozizi A, Wangzaozizi B and Wangzaozizi C.
The invention also provides an application of the active ingredients of the Wangzao date in inhibiting the activity of agricultural pathogenic fungi. In the invention, the agricultural pathogenic fungi comprise pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, rice blast, penicillium and aspergillus niger. According to the invention, when the extraction solvents are different, the activities of different agricultural pathogenic fungi are inhibited, preferably, when the extraction solvents are saturated monohydric alcohols, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are verticillium pyricularis and rice blast fungi; when the extraction solvent is saturated ketone, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are anthracnose pathogen, penicillium, black spot pathogen and rice blast pathogen; when the extraction solvent is chloroform, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are alternaria alternata, pyricularia pyricularis, penicillium and aspergillus niger; when the extraction solvent is esters, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are Aspergillus niger, pyricularia pyricularis, pyricularia grisea, and anthracnose. The application of the invention is preferably used for preparing the medicament, and the medicament preferably comprises missible oil, suspending agent, wettable powder, granules, aqueous solution, poison bait, mother liquor or mother powder. The preparation method of the medicine is not particularly limited, and the medicine can be prepared by using a conventional method in the field. The effective content in the medicine is 0.05-13.3 mg/ml.
The method for extracting the active ingredients of the Wangzao date of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Pulverizing dried folium Vaccinii Bracteati into 200 mesh granules on an ultrafine pulverizer, mixing with ethanol at a ratio of 1kg: 3L (m/V), and performing four-stage microwave extraction to obtain active ingredients of semen Vaccariae, wherein the specific process is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1. extraction of ethanol extract of Wangzao date
The active ingredients of the Wangzao dates obtained in the example are determined by HP L C, and the content of the active ingredients is shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 ethanol extract of Wangzao date and its content
Inoculating pyricularia pyricularis and pyricularia grisea on a PDA solid culture medium, culturing for 5 days in the dark at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, after hyphae grow uniformly, punching a 0.5cm puncher to fully cover the hyphae of the PDA culture medium, and respectively inoculating the PDA culture medium with 13.3, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.05mg/m L extracts of example 1 on the PDA solid culture medium, culturing for 7 days at 25 ℃ to record bacteriostatic rings, wherein the bacteriostatic rate is shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 inhibitory rate of ethanol extract of Wangzao date
| 13.3 | 10 | 5 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.05 | |
| Pear wheel veins | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 66.6％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
| Blast of rice | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 25.6％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
It can be known that the ethanol extract of the Wangzao date has 66.6 percent of bacteriostasis rate to the pyricularia pyricularis bacteria at 5mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate reaches 100 percent at 10mg/m L, and the bacteriostasis rate is 100 percent at 5mg/m L.
Example 2
Pulverizing dried folium Vaccinii Bracteati into 200 mesh granules, mixing with acetone at a ratio of 1kg: 3L (m/V), and performing four-stage microwave extraction, wherein the specific process is shown in Table 4:
TABLE 4 acetone extraction procedure of Wangzao date
Inoculating anthracnose, penicillium, black spot and rice blast of pear on PDA solid culture medium, culturing at constant temperature 25 deg.C for 5 days in dark, after hypha grows out uniformly, inoculating PDA culture medium with 0.5cm punch hole and full hypha, respectively, on PDA solid culture medium containing 13.3, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.25, 0.1, 0.05mg/m L extract of example 2, culturing at 25 deg.C for 7 days, recording bacteriostatic circle, bacteriostatic rate is shown in Table 5:
TABLE 5 acetone extract bacteriostasis rate of Wangzao date
| 13.3 | 10 | 5 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.05 | |
| Anthracnose of pear | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 66.7％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
| Penicillium | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 100.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
| Black spot of pear | 67.3％ | 40.6％ | 23.5％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
| Blast of rice | 41.2％ | 25.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ | 0.0％ |
It can be known that the acetone extract of the Wangzao date has 66.7 percent of bacteriostasis rate to the anthracnose of pear when the acetone extract is 2.5mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate reaches 100 percent when the acetone extract is 5mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate to penicillium when the acetone extract is 0.5mg/m L is 100 percent, and the bacteriostasis rate to the black spot of pear is 67.3 percent when the acetone extract is 13.3mg/m L.
Example 3
Pulverizing dried folium Vaccinii Bracteati into 200 mesh granules, mixing with chloroform at a ratio of 1kg: 3L (m/V), and performing four-stage microwave extraction, wherein the specific process is shown in Table 6:
TABLE 6 chloroform extraction of Wangzao date
Aspergillus niger, pyricularia pyricularis, anthracnose, penicillium, pyricularia pyricularis and rice blast are inoculated on a PDA solid culture medium, the PDA solid culture medium is cultured in the dark at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 5 days, a 0.5cm puncher is used for punching and fully paving hypha after the hypha grows out uniformly, the PDA solid culture medium is respectively inoculated on the PDA solid culture medium containing 13.3, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.05mg/m L extracts of the embodiment 3, and the PDA solid culture medium is cultured at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 7 days to record bacteriostatic rings, wherein the bacteriostatic rate is shown in the table 7:
TABLE 7 antibacterial rate of chloroform extract of Wangzao date
It can be known that the chloroform extract of the Wangzao date has 62.7 percent of bacteriostasis rate to the anthracnose pathogen of pear when the chloroform extract of the Wangzao date is 0.1mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate reaches 100 percent when the chloroform extract of the Wangzao date is 0.25mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate to the penicillium reaches 100 percent when the chloroform extract of the Jugzao date is 0.1mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate to the scab pathogen of pear is about 50 percent when the chloroform extract of the Peakj date is 0.1mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate to the scab pathogen of pear reaches 100 percent when the chloroform extract of the Peakj date is 13.3mg/m L, the bacteriostasis rate to the rice blast reaches 100 percent when the chloroform extract of the Penicillium at 0.1mg/m 48378, the bacteriostasis rate to the Aspergillus niger exceeds 50 percent when the Aspergillus niger at 0.05mg/m L, and.
Example 4
Pulverizing dried folium Vaccinii Vitis-idaeae into 200 mesh granules in an ultra-micro pulverizer, mixing with ethyl acetate at a ratio of 1kg: 3L (m/V), and performing four-stage microwave extraction, wherein the specific process is shown in Table 8:
TABLE 8. extraction of the Wangzao date seed ethyl acetate extract
Aspergillus niger, pyricularia pyricularis, anthracnose, penicillium, pyricularia pyricularis and rice blast are inoculated on a PDA solid culture medium, the PDA solid culture medium is cultured in the dark at the constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 5 days, a 0.5cm puncher is used for punching and fully paving hypha after the hypha grows out uniformly, the PDA solid culture medium is respectively inoculated on the PDA solid culture medium containing 13.3, 10, 5, 2.5, 1, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.05mg/m L extracts of the embodiment 4, and the PDA solid culture medium is cultured at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 7 days to record bacteriostatic rings, wherein the bacteriostatic rate is shown in the table 9:
TABLE 9 inhibitory rate of ethyl acetate extract of Wangzao date
It can be known that the Wangzao jujube ethyl acetate extract has 56.3% of bacteriostasis rate to pear anthracnose pathogen at 13.3mg/m L, has 100% of bacteriostasis rate to penicillium at 5mg/m L, has 100% of bacteriostasis rate to pear scab pathogen at 5mg/m L, has about 50% of bacteriostasis rate to rice blast at 1mg/m L, has more than 50% of bacteriostasis rate to aspergillus niger at 0.05mg/m L, reaches 100% at 0.1mg/m L, and has 100% of bacteriostasis rate to pear ring rot at 10mg/m L.
From the above examples, it can be seen that the active components of the Wangzao date extracted by the method of the present invention have certain bacteriostatic and bactericidal abilities against agricultural pathogenic fungi, and especially the chloroform extract of the Wangzao date has 100% bacteriostatic rate against Aspergillus niger, pyricularia pyricularis, Pyricularia pyricularis, anthracnose, Penicillium, pyricularia pyricularis, and Pyricularia nigrisea.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The application of the active ingredients of the Wangzao date in inhibiting the activity of agricultural pathogenic fungi; the agricultural pathogenic fungi comprise pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, rice blast, penicillium or aspergillus niger;
the extraction method of the active ingredients of the Wangzao date comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the Wangzao date seeds, mixing the crushed Wangzao date seeds with an organic solvent according to the mass-volume ratio of 1kg to (1-5) L, and performing first microwave extraction, wherein the power of the first microwave is 50-200W, the time of the first microwave is 120-180 s, the organic solvent comprises saturated monohydric alcohol, saturated ketone, ester or chloroform, the mass concentration or the volume concentration of the saturated monohydric alcohol, saturated ketone, ester or chloroform is 100%, the temperature of the first microwave is 40-70 ℃, the power of the first microwave is 200W when the organic solvent is the saturated monohydric alcohol, the temperature of the first microwave is 70 ℃, the power of the first microwave is 70W when the organic solvent is the saturated ketone, the temperature of the first microwave is 45 ℃, the power of the first microwave is 50W when the organic solvent is the chloroform, the temperature of the first microwave is 40 ℃, and the particle size of the crushed Wangzao date seeds is 55-170 meshes;
2) step 1) carrying out second microwave extraction after the first microwave, wherein the power of the second microwave is 45-50W, and the time of the second microwave is 350-450 s; the temperature of the second microwave is 35-65 ℃; when the organic solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the power of the second microwave is 50W, and the temperature of the second microwave is 65 ℃; when the organic solvent is saturated ketone, the power of the second microwave is 50W, and the temperature of the second microwave is 40 ℃; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the power of the second microwave is 45W, and the temperature of the second microwave is 35 ℃; when the organic solvent is ester, the power of the second microwave is 50W, and the temperature of the second microwave is 40 ℃;
3) step 2) carrying out third microwave extraction after the second microwave, wherein the power of the third microwave is 50-100W, and the time of the third microwave is 180-220 s; the temperature of the third microwave is 35-65 ℃; when the organic solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the power of the third microwave is 100W, and the temperature of the third microwave is 65 ℃; when the organic solvent is saturated ketone, the power of the third microwave is 60W, and the temperature of the third microwave is 40 ℃; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the power of the third microwave is 50W, and the temperature of the third microwave is 35 ℃; when the organic solvent is an ester, the power of the third microwave is 60W, and the temperature of the third microwave is 40 ℃;
4) step 3) carrying out fourth microwave extraction after the third microwave, wherein the power of the fourth microwave is 40-50W, and the time of the fourth microwave is 550-650 s, so as to obtain active ingredients of the Wangzao date seeds; when the organic solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the power of the fourth microwave is 50W; when the organic solvent is saturated ketone, the power of the fourth microwave is 50W; when the organic solvent is chloroform, the power of the fourth microwave is 40W; when the organic solvent is ester, the power of the fourth microwave is 50W;
when the extraction solvent is saturated monohydric alcohol, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are verticillium pyricularis and rice blast fungi; when the extraction solvent is saturated ketone, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are anthracnose pathogen of pear, penicillium, black spot pathogen of pear and rice blast pathogen of pear; when the extraction solvent is chloroform, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are black spot pathogen, pear ring rot disease, pear anthracnose pathogen, rice blast pathogen, penicillium and aspergillus niger; when the extraction solvent is esters, the agricultural pathogenic fungi are Aspergillus niger, pyricularia pyricularis, pyricularia grisea, and aspergillus niger;
the saturated monohydric alcohol is ethanol;
the saturated ketone is acetone;
the esters include ethyl acetate;
the active ingredients of the Wangzao date extracted by ethanol have the effect concentration of 5mg/m L on the pyricularia oryzae and 2.5mg/m L;
the active ingredients of the Wangzao jujube obtained by utilizing acetone have the effect concentration of 2.5mg/m L on the anthracnose of pear, 0.5mg/m L on penicillium, 5mg/m L on the scab of pear and 10mg/m L on the rice blast;
the active ingredients of the Wangzao date obtained by using chloroform have the effect concentration of 0.05mg/m L on alternaria alternata, 2.5mg/m L on pyricularia pyricularis bacteria, 0.05mg/m L on penicillium and 0.05mg/m L on aspergillus niger;
the active ingredients of the Wangzao date obtained by using ethyl acetate have the effect concentration of 0.05mg/m L on Aspergillus niger, 10mg/m L on pyricularia pyricularis bacteria, 5mg/m L on anthracnose of pear, 5mg/m L on penicillium, 0.25mg/m L on pyricularia pyricularis bacteria and 1mg/m L on rice blast.
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| CN110463725A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-19 | 淮北师范大学 | A kind of environment-friendly type coating agent for seed and preparation method |
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