CN108431988A - 用于蓄电池系统的调温装置 - Google Patents

用于蓄电池系统的调温装置 Download PDF

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CN108431988A
CN108431988A CN201680060413.6A CN201680060413A CN108431988A CN 108431988 A CN108431988 A CN 108431988A CN 201680060413 A CN201680060413 A CN 201680060413A CN 108431988 A CN108431988 A CN 108431988A
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secondary battery
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菲利普.克莱塞尔
小约翰.克莱塞尔
马库斯.克莱塞尔
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John Deere Electric Power Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于蓄电池系统的调温装置(1)，至少包括长方体形的空心体(2)，所述长方体形的空心体具有至少一个用于导入单独调温的流体的连接装置(3)和至少一个用于导出单独调温的流体的连接装置(4)，调温装置具有多个有规律地布置的和相同构造的、从第一体表面(5)延伸至第二体表面(6)的通孔(7)，其中，每个通孔(7)都容纳有筒形的蓄电池单元(8)，以构成流体密封的液体空间，其特征在于，除了单元头部(11)和单元底部(12)之外，空心体(2)在蓄电池系统的总高度H的＞20％至＜100％的高度h上延伸。

Description

用于蓄电池系统的调温装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于蓄电池系统的调温装置，其具有长方体形的空心体，空心体具有至少一个用于导入单独调温的流体的连接装置和至少一个用于导出单独调温的流体的连接装置，还具有多个有规律地布置的和相同构造的、从第一体表面延伸至第二体表面的通孔，其中，每个通孔都容纳有筒形的蓄电池单元，以构成流体密封的液体空间。
蓄电池系统或者说多个蓄电池系统的联合体目前也被称为蓄电池组，其在移动式应用、例如在电动车或者混合动力车中被用作可再充电的电能存储器、例如带有锂离子蓄电器、锂-聚合物蓄电器或者镍金属氢化物蓄电器。此外，在全电驱动的情况下为了进一步降低蓄电池系统的尺寸和重量，部分地也使用锂离子高压蓄电池。
这种蓄电池系统必须在确定的温度区间内运行。也即在蓄电池中电化学过程的进行受蓄电池的工作条件和温度的决定性影响。较高的温度改善电子迁移或者离子迁移，却降低蓄电池单元的内阻抗并且升高蓄电池单元的电容。然而较高的温度也会带来意外的或者不可逆的进行的化学反应和/或电解质的损失，由此会发生蓄电池的持续损害或者完全失效。反复的温度变化同样会损坏蓄电池。
从+40℃的工作温度起使用寿命缩短，而低于-10℃时效率降低并且功率下降。此外，在单独的单元之间的温差不允许超过5至10K。结合大电流的短时峰值负载、例如再生或者助推(Boosten)导致单元不可忽视的变热。额外地，较高的室外温度例如在夏季会促进蓄电池系统中的温度达到临界值。
背景技术
由专利文献US2015210184A1已知一种空气冷却的蓄电池组。该蓄电池组包括多个蓄电池单元，蓄电池单元被布置在多个模块中，以确定每个模块中相邻的单元之间的冷却通道。
由专利文献DE102011082991A1中已知一种蓄电池，其具有蓄电池壳体、多个调温元件和锂离子单元，锂离子单元与其中一个调温元件直接接触。
此外由专利文献DE102014205133A1已知一种蓄电池组，其带有多个蓄电池模块，蓄电池模块具有蓄电池单元和至少一个调温装置，其特征是，蓄电池单元通过带有与温度关联的导热性的材料与至少一个调温装置耦连。
由现有技术已知的用于这种蓄电池系统的调温的其他的可能设计例如有，从温度被调节的车辆内空间抽吸空气、向车辆中存在的空调设备上连接特殊的接入蓄电池单元的蒸发板、或者使冷却剂流过在蓄电池座中安装的冷却板(为此见Behr/Hella“Thermomanagement in Hybridfahrzeug”；BEHR HELLA SERVICE GmbH，Hall)。
所有从现有技术已知的冷却方案欠缺的是把所产生的热量快速和尤其均匀地导出、尤其欠缺优化的温度管理。尤其对极端功率范围是这样，即蓄电池单元在高的功率输出或者说高的功率吸纳的情况下，和在环境温度很高的情况下。
在单元联合体中的热不平衡的问题导致不同的功率密度，以此又导致蓄电池座内部的热不平衡(自损系统)，该问题也没令人满意地解决。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种改进的、至少备选的用于蓄电池系统的调温装置。发明要解决的技术问题尤其在于，实现蓄电池系统内部的热平衡。
按照本发明建议一种用于蓄电池系统的调温装置，所述调温装置包括至少一个长方体形的空心体，所述空心体带有至少一个用于导入单独调温的流体的连接装置和至少一个用于导出单独调温的流体的连接装置；所述长方体形的空心体具有多个有规律地布置的和相同地构造的、从第一体表面向第二体表面延伸的通孔，其中，每个通孔都容纳有筒形的蓄电池单元，以构成流体密封的液体空间。
本发明的构思在于，除了单元头部和单元底部之外，空心体在蓄电池系统的总高度的＞20％至＜100％的高度上延伸。蓄电池单元在液体空间中被单独调温的流体围绕冲刷。通过蓄电池系统的每个筒形的蓄电池单元与被调温的流体的这种直接的、全面的接触，系统可以被主动地保持在最佳的工作温度范围中。
因而通过本发明不仅能实现把在蓄电池单元的单元外壳上产生的热量快速导出，而且也能避免在蓄电池单元联合体中的热不平衡。
为了保证流体密封的液体空间，优选的是配设密封元件，所述密封元件包围筒形的蓄电池单元。这种密封元件例如可以是构造在每个通孔上的密封环，所述密封环在整个周长上在上部的和下部的单元外壳位置上密封地封闭这些单元。但是优选的是，密封元件是一体式地构造的、配设有与长方体形的空心体的通孔相应的通孔的密封板。
该密封板一体式地、例如由TPE、EPDM或者其他弹性体、优选由热塑性的塑料制成，并且优选借助2K技术敷设在长方体形的空心体的表面上。也可以想到的是，密封板在长方体形的空心体上借助可拆卸的连接技术、例如卡扣或者旋拧地敷设。在此优选的是，筒形的蓄电池单元被两个密封板的密封元件在单元的各自周长上被这样地包围，即使得被完全密封。
长方体形的空心体优选一体式地由塑料、例如POM制成。为了能在按照本发明的调温装置中安装尽可能多的筒形的蓄电池单元，即保证蓄电池单元的尽可能节省空间的布置，所述通孔优选以最密集的圆圈组的形式布置。
在每个通孔都容纳一个筒形的蓄电池单元的布置方式中，每一排蓄电池单元相对于相邻的排都错移半个单元宽度地布置(蓄电池单元的直径的1/2)。在一个排的各单元之间有最小的间距(S)。通过该间距和布置为最密集的圆圈组的方式保证了单独调温的流体可以在每个蓄电池单元周围流动。以此也保证了使得被调温的流体流过液体空间。
按照本发明，长方体形的空心体在除了单元头部和单元底部的情况下在蓄电池系统的总高度H的＞20％至＜100％的高度h上延伸。高度h适应于温度管理的要求、尤其适应于冷却功率，并且以热学要求和随空心体高度增加而升高的蓄电池重量之间的平衡为基础而确定。
包括多个筒形的蓄电池单元的蓄电池系统通过至少一个用于导入单独调温的流体的连接装置和至少一个用于导出单独调温的流体的连接装置被这样地调温，即使得流体在流体密封的液体空间中单个的蓄电池单元的单元壁的周围流动。
因为液体空间如上所述地被密封，所以流体、尤其冷却液不与蓄电池系统的电敏感的区域接触。
承受不同温度使得蓄电池系统内部单个蓄电池单元的不均匀老化造成蓄电池系统的加速的、超过平均水平的老化，并且还造成电容降低。因此在优选的实施方式中，被单独调温的流体、尤其冷却液主动地通过调温装置泵送。以此能可靠地阻止布置在长方体形的空心体外侧上的蓄电池单元承受的热学环境与例如布置在其他蓄电池单元之间、尤其居中布置的蓄电池单元的热学环境不同。
优选地，流体通过加热和/或冷却装置在循环中泵送。在特别优选的实施方式中，流体通过多个先后相继布置的按照本发明的调温装置和至少一个加热和/或冷却装置在循环中泵送。被单独调温的流体尤其被理解为一种冷却液、例如水，该冷却液通过加热和/或冷却装置主动地调温。
通过泵送装置、在两个或者多个调温装置之间的连接管线和加热和/或冷却装置可以对由多个蓄电池系统组成的蓄电池组调温。
借助按照本发明的调温装置和被单独调温的流体，使得单个蓄电池单元之间的温差不超过5K至10K。此外，蓄电池系统可以在最佳的、尤其由蓄电池制造商预定的温度区间运行。由单独蓄电池单元的主动的冷却或者说变热，借助按照本发明的调温装置不仅在预定的工作温度内，而且在进一步被限定的温度范围中都得到优化的功率收益。
附图说明
本领域技术人员可以从下面在参照附图的情况下对实施方式的说明中明白本发明其他的特征和优点。
图1示出用于蓄电池系统的调温装置，
图2示出密封板，
图3示出从侧面和从上面观察的长方体形的空心体，
图4示出包括三个调温装置的蓄电池组。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于蓄电池系统的调温装置(1)，其带有长方体形的空心体(2)，长方体形的空心体(2)带有至少一个用于导入单独调温的流体的连接装置(3)和至少一个用于导出单独调温的流体的连接装置(4，见图4)。在多个有规律地布置的和相同构造的、从第一体表面(5)延伸至第二体表面(6，见图3A)的通孔(7)中布置有筒形的蓄电池单元(8)。通孔(7)或者说蓄电池单元(8)其是以最密集的圆圈组的形式布置的。
图2示出由弹性体、优选由热塑性的塑料构成的密封板(9)，密封板(9)带有多个有规律地布置的且相同构造的通孔(7′)。为了保证流体密封的液体空间，密封板(9)、优选借助2K技术敷设在长方体形的空心体(2)的表面(5、6)上。
图3从侧面以剖切视图(3A)或者说从上面同样以剖切视图(3B)示出长方体形的空心体(2)。可以看到三个错移地布置的排，每排分别具有七个通孔(7)。在组装后的状态中，在每个通孔(7)中都容纳一个筒形的蓄电池单元(8)，每个单元相对于相邻单元都具有最小间距(S)。该间距(S)和布置为最密集的圆圈组的方式保证每个单独的蓄电池单元都能被单独调温的流体绕流。流体通过连接装置(3)导向长方体形的空心体(2)，并且在长方体形的空心体(2)的底侧上通过连接装置(9)离开长方体形的空心体(2)。
图4示出作为蓄电池组的组成部分的三个先后相继地连接的调温装置(1、1′、1″)，其中，黑线(10)显示流体的路径。流体通过连接装置(3)流入第一调温装置(1)，以便通过连接装置(9)再离开第一调温装置(1)；流体接着通过连接装置(3′)流入第二调温装置(1′)，流过第二调温装置(1′)并且再通过连接装置(9′)离开第二调温装置(1′)。对于第三和可能有的后续调温装置都这样进行。空心体(2)在高度h上延伸，高度h小于蓄电池系统的总高度H。蓄电池系统的敏感区域、尤其单元头部(11)和单元底部(12)按照本发明不包括在调温装置(1)中。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于蓄电池系统的调温装置(1)，调温装置(1)至少包括长方体形的空心体(2)，所述长方体形的空心体(2)具有至少一个用于导入单独调温的流体的连接装置(3)和至少一个用于导出单独调温的流体的连接装置(4)，调温装置(1)具有多个有规律地布置的和相同构造的、从第一体表面(5)延伸至第二体表面(6)的通孔(7)，其中，每个通孔(7)都容纳有筒形的蓄电池单元(8)，以构成流体密封的液体空间，其特征在于，除了单元头部(11)和单元底部(12)之外，空心体(2)在蓄电池系统的总高度H的＞20％至＜100％的高度h上延伸。
2.按照权利要求1所述的用于蓄电池单元的调温装置(1)，其特征在于，每个通孔(7)都具有密封元件(9)，所述密封元件包围筒形的蓄电池单元(8)。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的用于蓄电池单元的调温装置(1)，其特征在于，所述长方体形的空心体(2)一体式地由塑料、例如POM制成。
4.按照权利要求1、2或3所述的用于蓄电池单元的调温装置(1)，其特征在于，通孔(7)以最密集的圆圈组的形式布置。
5.按照上述权利要求之一所述的用于蓄电池单元的调温装置(1)，其特征在于，所述各蓄电池单元彼此间有间距。
6.按照上述权利要求之一所述的用于蓄电池单元的调温装置(1)，其特征在于，单独调温的流体通过加热和/或冷却装置以循环泵送。
7.按照上述权利要求之一所述的用于蓄电池单元的调温装置(1)，其特征在于，所述流体是可导的。
8.一种蓄电池组，其具有先后相继地连接的、按照权利要求1至7之一所述的调温装置(1、1′、1″)，其特征在于，单独调温的流体在循环中导引经过调温装置(1、1′、1″)、至少一个泵送装置和加热和/或冷却装置。
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