CN108425748A - Air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor - Google Patents
Air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108425748A CN108425748A CN201810122067.0A CN201810122067A CN108425748A CN 108425748 A CN108425748 A CN 108425748A CN 201810122067 A CN201810122067 A CN 201810122067A CN 108425748 A CN108425748 A CN 108425748A
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- fuel
- fuel ratio
- signal
- optical sensor
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/022—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions using an optical sensor, e.g. in-cylinder light probe
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
- F02D41/1458—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with determination means using an estimation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D45/00—Electrical control not provided for in groups F02D41/00 - F02D43/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor, it only incudes generated ultraviolet wavelengths during by from the flame provided in burner come fuel inside combustion burner, then passes through analysis and calculating process maintains the air-fuel ratio of optimization.
Description
The application is application No. is 201480002614.1, and the applying date is September in 2014 24, entitled " including
The divisional application of the patent application of the air-fuel ratio measuring system of optical sensor ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring systems, are related to a kind of air-fuel ratio measurement system including optical sensor in further detail
System only incudes generated purple during by from the flame provided in burner come fuel inside combustion burner
Then outside line wavelength region maintains the air-fuel ratio of optimization by analysis and calculating process.
Background technology
In general combustion system, the air-fuel ratio in flame portion is consumption with fuel and the directly related ginseng of energy efficiency
Number, however be difficult to be measured to this.Most large size combustion system is speculated by measuring the concentration of oxygen in exhaust end
The air-fuel ratio in flame portion, in some cases, the premix burner measurement of some engines pass through the chemiluminescence to flame
Light reflection carry out light measurement and judge air-fuel ratio.
For example, the method for wavelength filter is arranged before optical pickup, it is essentially available for identification OH, CH, C2、CO2
Deng specific excited state each chemical substance total light reflection partial contribution rate.
Signal ratio of more than one such chemical substance can be passed through into such as air-fuel ratio or heat generation rate, gas according to this
The various combustor parameters of temperature etc. are associated with existing way.
That is, due to using simple optical sensor and photographic means with above-mentioned relevant measuring technique, for space
Decomposability exists in the case of combustion flows complexity with the spatial decomposition performance for making it have three-dimensional, it is difficult to optimization system
The problem of performance of uniting.
Thus, it is critically important in the art as described above, improving control and the optimization system performance of flame mechanism
, to need a kind of measurement method for optimizing the burner internal of air-fuel ratio at present.
Patent document 1：JP2010-101615A
Invention content
(1) technical problems to be solved
For solving the above problems the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor,
It only incudes generated ultraviolet during by from the flame provided in burner come fuel inside combustion burner
Then line wavelength region maintains the air-fuel ratio of optimization by analysis and calculating process.
Also, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of air-fuel ratio measuring systems including optical sensor, only incude ultraviolet
Correspond to the wavelength region of 250~600nm in line wavelength region, and distinguish actual flame and noise, so as to correctly
Recognize the state of combustion chamber.
Also, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor, basis passes through light
The optical signal that sensor is incuded carries out controlling pneumatic control device after analysis and operation, to adjust for optimizing air-fuel ratio
Air amount.
(2) technical solution
The air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, which is characterized in that packet
It includes：Combustion chamber, fuel are fed into the combustion chamber；Burner, and the combustion chamber and provides flame；Optical sensor,
Electric signal is generated after its optical signal for receiving the fuel by the flame to generate when being burnt；Fuel measurement senses
Device measures the fuel quantity supplied to the burner；Analysis module is electrically connected with the optical sensor, and by the telecommunications
Number it is converted into the conversion signal of analyzable form；And computing module, analyze the conversion received from the analysis module
Signal and the fuel measurement signal received from the fuel-gauging sensors, and theoretical air-fuel ratio and thermic load.
Preferably, which is characterized in that the optical sensor is photodiode (Photodiode, PD) or photomultiplier transit
It manages (photomultiplier tube, PMT), and the ultraviolet wavelengths that the wavelength region of optical signal is 250~600nm.
Preferably, which is characterized in that the air-fuel ratio measuring system further includes pneumatic control device, is connected to the fortune
It calculates module and controls the amount of the air supplied to the burner.
Preferably, which is characterized in that the computing module is based on air control described in the calculated air-fuel ratio regulation
Device, to control the amount of the air supplied to the burner, to maintain the air/fuel region of optimization.
Preferably, which is characterized in that the computing module includes：Resolver receives the conversion signal and described
Fuel measurement signal is simultaneously analyzed；And controller, it is controlled from the sky based on the data analyzed in the resolver
The amount of the air of gas control unit feeding.
(3) advantageous effect
Present invention as described above, only incude by from the flame provided in burner come inside combustion burner
Then generated ultraviolet wavelengths during fuel are able to maintain that the air-fuel of optimization by analysis and calculating process
Than.
Further, the present invention has the following effects that, due to the present invention only induction ultraviolet wavelengths in correspond to 250~
The wavelength region of 600nm, and actual flame and noise are distinguished, so that the state of combustion chamber is correctly recognized, therefore with
It compares, is influenced caused by noise small when receiving visible light or infrared wavelength regions.
Also, the present invention has the following effects that, the present invention is analyzed according to the optical signal incuded by optical sensor
And after operation, in order to adjust the air-fuel ratio for optimization air amount and control pneumatic control device, to maintain to optimize
Air-fuel ratio.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram for the air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor for indicating one embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2 is the skeleton diagram of the mechanism between the component for indicating Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is the excess air for indicating the sensitivity according to the wavelength for selecting the region specific wavelength (250-600nm)
The chart of ratio,
Fig. 4 is the chart indicated for measuring and the response of the Druy screen of the wavelength of theoretical air-fuel ratio changes,
Fig. 5 (a) is the oxygen concentration (O in discharge gas after indicating burning2) photodiode signal variation figure
Table,
Fig. 5 (b) is the chart of linear fit (linear fit) Fig. 5 (a),
Fig. 6 is to indicate for measuring and the chart of the fuel quantity of the pressure of theoretical air-fuel ratio (thermic load),
Fig. 7 is the chart for the change of sensitivity for indicating the photodiode based on chamber wall temperature,
Fig. 8 (a) be indicate based on excess air than two pole of photoelectricity pipe output signal (mV) variation chart,
Fig. 8 (b) is the chart of linear fit Fig. 8 (a).
Specific implementation mode
The component for forming the air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor of the present invention, can be as desired as an entirety
Using or be individually separated use.Also, it can be omitted some components when in use according to form is used.
Illustrate the preferred embodiment of the air-fuel ratio measuring system 100 including optical sensor of the present invention referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 8.
It in the process, can be by the size of the thickness of line shown in the accompanying drawings or component in order to keep explanation more clear and conveniently
Etc. being amplified.Also, aftermentioned term is the term for considering the function in the present invention and defining, can be according to user, behaviour
The intention or convention of author and change.Therefore to the definition of these terms should be come based on entire contents of the present specification into
Row describes.
In the following, illustrating the air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor of one embodiment of the invention referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 2
100。
The air-fuel ratio measuring system 100 including optical sensor of one embodiment of the invention, including：Combustion chamber 110, fuel
It is supplied to；Burner 120 provides flame to combustion chamber 110；Optical sensor 130 is inserted into combustion chamber 110, and receives fuel
Electric signal is generated after the optical signal generated when being burnt by flame；Fuel-gauging sensors 140 are measured to burner
The fuel quantity of 120 supplies；Pneumatic control device 150 is oppositely disposed with burner 120, and is controlled and supplied to burner 120
The amount of air；Analysis module 160 is electrically connected with optical sensor 130, and converts the electrical signal to the conversion letter of analyzable form
Number；And computing module 170, it analyzes the conversion signal that is received from analysis module 160 and is received from fuel-gauging sensors 140
Fuel measurement signal, and theoretical air-fuel ratio and thermic load
Combustion chamber 110 is the place that fuel is supplied to and burns, and has hollow shape, and this combustion chamber 110 belongs to
Known technology, therefore omit specific description.
Burner 120 is configured to be connected to combustion chamber 110.At this point, the intensity of flame can be adjusted, and this burner
120 play the role of providing the flame for the fuel inside combustion chamber 110.
Optical sensor 130 will be using the one of which in photodiode 131 or photomultiplier 132.
In photodiode 131, when light contacts diode, electronics and positive charge hole are generated and circulating current, and
And voltage swing is almost directly proportional to the intensity of light.Like this, as photoelectric as a result, being generated at the joint portion of semiconductor
The phenomenon that voltage referred to as photovoltaic effect.
This photodiode 131 has fast response time, and sensitivity wavelength is wide, and the good spy of advance of photoelectric current
Point.It is mainly used in the electronic product original paper of remote controler receiving part of CD Player or fire alarm, TV etc, has
When in order to correctly measure the intensity of light can also utilize this photodiode.
Photomultiplier 132 is generally made of photocathode (Photocathode), dynode, anode.Photocathode
Launching electronics when receiving the light of certain frequency or more by photoelectric effect.These electronics are by dynode and are amplified, and reach
The current signal for the degree that can be read by peripheral equipment is formed when cathode.Since signal is directly put without peripheral equipment
Greatly, therefore it is widely used in the case where incuding very weak optical signal.General photoelectric effect is in the frequency more than visible light
It generates, therefore frequency light below can not be suitable for.
Scintillator (Scintillator) is the light using photomultiplier measurement high-energy, in order to measure X-ray or
Person's gamma ray and the one kind of detector used, concept is different with photomultiplier.But measure X-ray or
In the case of gamma ray, scintillator is attached to photomultiplier to use.It is anti-by the photon and scintillator of this high-energy
It should and become the photon beam of visible light region, and photomultiplier will measure these photon beams.The photon energy of this mode
Measurement is widely used in Particle Physics Experiments.
The photodiode 131 or photomultiplier 132 in the wavelength of the light of flame only receive 250~
The optical signals of the ultraviolet wavelengths of 600nm and application.Its reason is, for the wavelength of infrared ray optical signal the case where,
It is possible that the wall surface etc. of combustion chamber 110 is heated to generate, due to being difficult to differentiate between actual flare up fire and ambient noise,
It constitutes the reason of precision declines.
On the other hand, for the optical signal of the wavelength of visible light the case where, due to equally existing through general natural light
Or other artificial lights generate the danger of many noises, therefore ultraviolet wavelengths are only selectively received and use,
It is advantageous for the signal similar for the optical signal that acquisition is provided with actual flame.
That is, the photodiode 131 or photomultiplier 132 of the present invention, due to only incuding corresponding to ultraviolet wavelength
The optical signal in region minimizes the danger of noise, therefore can incude and the most similar optical signal of actual flame.
Fuel-gauging sensors 140 measure the fuel quantity supplied to burner 120.Certainly, this fuel-gauging sensors
140 is unrestricted as long as the sensor for the flow measurement that can carry out pressure type or hot type etc..
Pneumatic control device 150 is the device for the amount for controlling the air supplied to burner 120, can by valve or
Gate form adjusts the air supply amount to burner 120.
Analysis module 160 is electrically connected with optical sensor 130, and plays the electric signal being converted into analyzable form
The effect of conversion signal, this analysis module 160 can use signal converter (signal converter) or amplifier
(Amplifier).
In the present invention, although all signal converters can be applied, either amplifier or application are one such,
Device can be translated the signals into as needed and amplifier is omitted altogether.
Computing module 170 is based on the calculated air-fuel ratio regulation pneumatic control device 150 of institute, to control to burner 120
The amount of the air of supply, to maintain the air/fuel region of optimization, this computing module 170 that can include：Resolver
(Analyzer), conversion signal and fuel measurement signal are received and is analyzed；And controller (Controller), base
The data analyzed in analytically device control the amount of the air supplied from pneumatic control device 150.
In the following, illustrating the measurement of the air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor applied to the present invention with reference to Fig. 3 to Fig. 8
The selected of wavelength region, air-fuel ratio measure, the signal of the photodiode of computational methods and each wavelength based on temperature is surveyed
Magnitude.
First, selected measurement 250~600nm of wavelength region is the main free radical (OH/CH/ generated in flame
The region of radiating lights such as C2), does not specify specific one wavelength points instead of like this, and the reasons why specifying a region is as follows.
First, as shown in figure 3, either being integrated to a wavelength value, or the wavelength value of certain area is carried out
Integral, can export the characteristic being inversely proportional with air-fuel ratio.
Second, such as the economic and practical photo-diode tube sensor of most low cost photodiode is in specific region
Its all value is simultaneously shown as electric signal by the inscribed collection of letters number, so if only selecting a wavelength points, is needed instead more
Optical devices with filtering function.
Third, the wavelength region of 600nm or more are the forms of visible light, infrared ray etc., due to combustion system wall surface or
The light that person's burner end etc. is heated to generate is visible light or infrared ray, therefore these signals can in pure flare up fire
It can be passed to sensor (PD, PMT) as noise.
About the above, as shown in fig. 7, photodiode (Photo Diode) signal of each wavelength based on temperature
Measured value is using three kinds of different photodiode measurement signal values of object centers wavelength as a result, will be after generating flame
The signal value of measured each photodiode is indicated with chart during the wall surface temperature of furnace interior rises.
As shown in fig. 7, being able to confirm that the photodiode signal of ultraviolet range (290nm) guarantor unrelated with the temperature of wall surface
Hold certain value, and (760nm, 920nm) photodiode signal of other wavelength regions, become according to the temperature of wall surface
Change.
This is indicated, since the light emitted from wall surface belongs to the wavelength region of 760nm, 920nm, therefore, it is difficult to distinguish only from fire
The signal strength of the wavelength region for 760nm, 920nm that flame generates.
If as a result, using the wavelength region of 760nm, 920nm, basis is radiated in wall surface with the rising of temperature
Radiation effect generates noise.
4th, in order to export for the Air/Fuel ratio analysis under multiple thermic loads, rather than under a thermic load
Mathematical expression, need under each thermic load ' gradient of PD signal VS air-fuel ratio ' relationship graphs is certain, and 250~
There is a problem of being difficult to ensure that gradient is certain in the wavelength of 650nm or more.
The relationship of photodiode sensor signal and air-fuel ratio is shown about this, in Fig. 5.
That is, since the variable quantity gradient of the air-fuel ratio according to each thermic load is similar, even if with identical inclination
Degree carries out linear fit, and error is also small, therefore independently with thermic load, can export the air-fuel ratio formula for finding out air-fuel ratio.
On the other hand, Fig. 8 (a) and Fig. 8 (b) is to be utilized respectively mainly to reflect that wavelength region is 650~700nm, 900nm
The photodiode sensor of~1000nm is come measuring as a result, ' the photodiode signal VS air-fuels changed according to thermic load
Than ' gradient it is different, and if linear fit is carried out with identical gradient, error can be very big, as a result, is difficult to export air-fuel
Compare formula.
On the other hand, air-fuel ratio measurement/computational methods are as follows.
First, photodiode sensor to be used is selected, as shown in Figure 4, it is preferable that main select reacts on 230
The photodiode of the light of~335nm wavelength regions.
Secondly, database of the structure for sensor application measures the signal of fuel air-fuel ratio and each thermic load.
Secondly, because the gradient of ' the air-fuel ratio VS photodiode signals value ' of each load is similar, therefore these is used and is put down
Equal gradient implements linear fit.
Secondly, using the pressure sensor of fuel supplying part, pressure and fuel quantity (thermic load) are measured by testing
Relationship, and its result is built into database.
Secondly, following air-fuel ratio formula i.e. [mathematical expression 1], wherein institute is exported using the database of Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5 (b)
Air-fuel ratio formula is stated to find out O in discharge gas2Mode export, moreover, it is also possible to be transformed into air-fuel ratio.Also, the formula
The coefficient of son can change according to the position of sensor or the type of burner.
Mathematical expression 1
Oxygen concentration (O in discharge gas2)=9.615384615 × photodiode signal × -7.9409435052E-3
×P2-12.60726623
Mathematical expression above is finally utilized, if known UV sensor (used here as photodiode sensor) and combustion
The value for expecting the pressure sensor of production line, then can find out air-fuel ratio, for required air-fuel ratio, can carry out fuel production line
Pressure adjust etc. combustion systems control.
It is illustrated above by reference to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but those skilled in the art's energy
It is enough to understand, without departing from the present invention described in claim thought and in the range of field, can to the present invention into
Row various modifications and change.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of air-fuel ratio measuring system, which is characterized in that including：
Combustion chamber, fuel are fed into the combustion chamber；
Burner, and the combustion chamber and provides flame；
Optical sensor is inserted into the combustion chamber, the optical signal generated when the fuel is burnt by the flame
Electric signal is generated after only receiving the wavelength region of 250nm~600nm in ultraviolet wavelengths；
Fuel-gauging sensors measure the fuel quantity supplied to the burner；
Analysis module has converter, and the analysis module is electrically connected with the optical sensor, and the electric signal is converted into
The conversion signal of analyzable form；And
Computing module is analyzed the conversion signal that is received from the analysis module and is received from the fuel-gauging sensors
Fuel measurement signal with theoretical air-fuel ratio and thermic load, and is based on the calculated air-fuel ratio regulation pneumatic control device, with
The amount of the air supplied to burner is controlled,
The computing module utilizes the fuel measurement signal heat load calculation received from the fuel-gauging sensors, to calculating
The conversion signal of each thermic load carries out linear fit, so as to independently calculate air-fuel with thermic load with a gradient
Than.
2. air-fuel ratio measuring system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the computing module includes：
Resolver receives the conversion signal and the fuel measurement signal and is analyzed；And
Controller controls the air supplied from the pneumatic control device based on the data analyzed from the resolver
Amount.
3. air-fuel ratio measuring system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the optical sensor be photodiode or
Person's photomultiplier.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2013-0114093 | 2013-09-25 | ||
| KR20130114093A KR20150034035A (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2013-09-25 | An air fuel ratio instrumentation system including optical sensor |
| CN201480002614.1A CN104823041A (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-24 | Air-fuel ratio measurement system comprising optical sensor |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480002614.1A Division CN104823041A (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-24 | Air-fuel ratio measurement system comprising optical sensor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108425748A true CN108425748A (en) | 2018-08-21 |
Family
ID=52743913
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480002614.1A Pending CN104823041A (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-24 | Air-fuel ratio measurement system comprising optical sensor |
| CN201810122067.0A Pending CN108425748A (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-24 | Air-fuel ratio measuring system including optical sensor |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480002614.1A Pending CN104823041A (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2014-09-24 | Air-fuel ratio measurement system comprising optical sensor |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6199400B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20150034035A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN104823041A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015046875A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112465744A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-03-09 | 上海交通大学 | Digital image measuring method based on local air-fuel ratio of flame in engine cylinder |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3206017B1 (en) | 2016-02-09 | 2018-09-12 | Elster GmbH | Sensor and method for determining the air ratio of a combustible gas-air mixture |
| US11619384B2 (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2023-04-04 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | System and method for operating a combustion chamber |
| CN111727311B (en) * | 2018-02-03 | 2023-01-13 | 加利福尼亚大学董事会 | Adaptive cam-less reciprocating engine for arbitrary fuels |
| DK3757551T3 (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2022-05-09 | Ademco 2 Gmbh | SENSOR AND PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING AN AIR CONDITION FOR A FLAMMABLE GAS / AIR MIXTURE |
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- 2014-09-24 CN CN201480002614.1A patent/CN104823041A/en active Pending
- 2014-09-24 WO PCT/KR2014/008894 patent/WO2015046875A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-09-24 CN CN201810122067.0A patent/CN108425748A/en active Pending
- 2014-09-24 JP JP2015539533A patent/JP6199400B2/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112465744A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-03-09 | 上海交通大学 | Digital image measuring method based on local air-fuel ratio of flame in engine cylinder |
| CN112465744B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2023-05-12 | 上海交通大学 | Digital image measurement method based on local air-fuel ratio of flame in engine cylinder |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6199400B2 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
| WO2015046875A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
| KR20150034035A (en) | 2015-04-02 |
| CN104823041A (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| JP2016504552A (en) | 2016-02-12 |
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