CN108422850B - 混合动力变速驱动桥 - Google Patents

混合动力变速驱动桥 Download PDF

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CN108422850B
CN108422850B CN201810141439.4A CN201810141439A CN108422850B CN 108422850 B CN108422850 B CN 108422850B CN 201810141439 A CN201810141439 A CN 201810141439A CN 108422850 B CN108422850 B CN 108422850B
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CN108422850A (zh
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诺曼·杰瑞·博尔德
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0833—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts, i.e. with two or more internal power paths
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears

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Abstract

本公开涉及一种混合动力变速驱动桥。一种动力分流式混合动力传动装置包括在传动装置的输入与动力分流式行星齿轮组之间的换向机构。由内燃发动机驱动传动装置的输入。接合换向机构以沿与发动机旋转相反的方向驱动行星架，从而允许变速驱动桥在倒车时在主要使用发动机动力时实现较高的输出扭矩。换向机构还可用于使行星架保持静止，从而利用发电机提供反作用扭矩以推进车辆，从而当仅在电池电力下运行时使两个方向上的输出扭矩都增加。

Description

混合动力变速驱动桥
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆传动装置的领域。更具体地，本公开涉及混合动力变速驱动桥中的组件的布置。
背景技术
混合动力动力传动系统包括诸如电池的能量储存装置，所述能量储存装置用于通过捕获制动能量和通过允许更高效地使用内燃发动机来降低燃料消耗。在车辆静止时可关闭发动机。另外，发动机可在其通常更高效的较高动力设定下运转，然后，可在车辆正在运动的部分时间关闭发动机。
一种类型的混合动力动力传动系统是电动的动力分流式混合动力动力传动系统。在低速时，行星齿轮组将内燃发动机产生的机械动力划分为两个动力流动路径。一部分动力通过齿轮、链或其它机械动力传递组件传输到驱动轮。其余的动力被引导至电机并被转换为电力。该电机通常被称为发电机，但是它也能够将电力转换为机械动力。另一电机驱动驱动轮。该另一电机通常被称为牵引马达，但是它也能够将机械动力转换成电力。在一些操作模式中，来自发电机的所有电力都流到牵引马达。在其它操作模式中，一些电力可被转移到电池。在其它操作模式中，电池可补充电力。
内燃发动机通常仅能沿一个方向旋转，并且必须以最小转速旋转以便产生大量推进动力。另一方面，电机通常可沿任一方向旋转，并且即便在非常低的转速下也可沿任一方向产生扭矩。在传统的动力分流式混合动力动力传动系统中，在倒车时机械动力流动路径不能推进车辆。在倒车时，电机提供大部分的推进力。因此，在倒车时的扭矩容量小于前进时的扭矩容量。在电池荷电状态低的情况下这种性能的下降尤为严重，并且必须使用发动机动力。
发明内容
一种混合动力传动装置包括行星齿轮组和换向机构。行星齿轮组具有中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮。这三个部件中的第一部件固定地可驱动地连接到第一电机。这三个部件中的第二部件固定地可驱动地连接到第二电机和输出。换向齿轮传动装置以两个传动比交替地使这三个部件中的第三部件选择性地可驱动地连接到输入轴。所述两个传动比中的一个传动比为负，另一传动比为正。换向机构可包括第一换挡元件(诸如，可选单向离合器)，其将输入轴选择性地结合到所述第三部件以建立正传动比。换向机构还可包括第一副轴齿轮、第二副轴齿轮、第三副轴齿轮和第四副轴齿轮。第一副轴齿轮结合到输入轴。第二副轴齿轮固定地可驱动地连接到第一副轴齿轮。第三副轴齿轮结合到第二副轴齿轮。第四副轴齿轮结合到所述第三部件，并且固定地可驱动地连接到第三副轴齿轮。其中一个结合连接(诸如，在第二副轴齿轮和第三副轴齿轮之间的结合连接)是经由第二换挡元件的选择性结合。其余的结合连接可以是固定的。其中一个可驱动连接是经由直接啮合的齿轮的，并且另一可驱动连接是经由惰轮的。
在另一实施例中，混合动力传动装置包括行星齿轮组和齿轮传动装置。行星齿轮组包括固定地可驱动地连接到第一电机的中心齿轮、固定地可驱动地连接到第二电机和输出的环形齿轮以及行星架。齿轮传动装置以两个传动比交替地使行星架可驱动地连接到输入轴。所述传动比中的第一传动比为负，所述传动比中的第二传动比为正。齿轮传动装置可包括第一换挡元件(诸如，可选单向离合器)，其将输入轴选择性地结合到行星架以建立正传动比。齿轮传动装置还可包括第一副轴齿轮、第二副轴齿轮、第三副轴齿轮和第四副轴齿轮。第一副轴齿轮结合到输入轴。第二副轴齿轮固定地可驱动地连接到第一副轴齿轮。第三副轴齿轮结合到第二副轴齿轮。第四副轴齿轮结合到行星架，并且固定地可驱动地连接到第三副轴齿轮。其中一个结合连接(诸如，在第二副轴齿轮和第三副轴齿轮之间的结合连接)是经由第二换挡元件的选择性结合。其余的结合连接可以是固定的。其中一个可驱动连接是经由直接啮合的齿轮的，并且另一可驱动连接是经由惰轮的。
一种车辆包括行星齿轮组和第一换挡元件。行星齿轮组包括固定地可驱动地连接到第一电机的中心齿轮、固定地可驱动地连接到第二电机和车辆车轮的环形齿轮以及行星架。第一换挡元件在发动机曲轴与行星架之间选择性地建立具有负传动比的第一动力流动路径。第二换挡元件可在发动机曲轴与行星架之间选择性地建立具有正传动比的第二动力流动路径。控制器可使第一换挡元件和第二换挡元件同时接合，以保持行星架不旋转，从而利用第一电机提供反作用扭矩来推进车辆。
附图说明
图1是混合动力电动车辆的示意图。
图2是适用于图1的混合动力电动车辆的混合动力变速驱动桥的第一实施例的示意图。
图3是适用于图1的混合动力电动车辆的混合动力变速驱动桥的第二实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
在此描述本公开的实施例。然而，应当理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为示例，其它实施例可采取各种和可替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；可夸大或最小化一些特征以示出特定组件的细节。因此，此处所公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解的，参照任一附图示出和描述的各个特征可与一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。示出的特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定的应用或实施方式。
如果一组可旋转的元件被约束为在所有工况下均具有围绕相同轴线的相同转速，则该组可旋转的元件彼此固定地结合。可通过例如花键连接、焊接、压装或对一般实体进行机加工来使可旋转的元件固定地结合。固定地结合的元件之间可能出现旋转位移的轻微变化，比如由于间隙或轴柔量而产生的位移。相比之下，两个或更多个可旋转的元件通过换挡元件选择性地结合，每当换挡元件完全接合时换挡元件便将所述两个或更多个可旋转的元件约束为具有围绕相同轴线的相同转速，并且在至少一些其它工况下它们自由地具有不同的转速。如果两个可旋转的元件通过将其转速约束为以预定的传动比成比例的动力流动路径进行连接，则这两个可旋转的元件被可驱动地连接。如果动力流动路径在所有工况下都被建立，则元件被固定地可驱动地连接。如果动力流动路径仅在一个或更多个换挡元件接合时才被建立，则元件被选择性地可驱动地连接。
图1示出了前轮驱动车辆的动力传动系统。由内燃发动机10供应机械动力。由电池12供应电能，并且，在一些时间点从电池12汲取电能。混合动力变速驱动桥14基于来自控制器15的命令将来自这些动力源的动力进行组合，并向前轮16和18传输所述动力。在再生制动期间，混合动力变速驱动桥14从车轮16和18汲取机械动力，将机械动力转化为电力，并将电力储存在电池12中。除非提供额外的硬件，否则后轮20和22不被驱动。
混合动力变速驱动桥14包括若干子系统。换向机构24从发动机10的曲轴汲取机械动力，并将机械动力传输给动力分流机构的输入。在前进操作模式中，曲轴和动力分流机构的输入沿相同方向旋转。在倒车操作模式中，动力分流机构的输入沿与发动机曲轴相反的方向旋转。动力分流机构26控制输入、输出和电池12之间的动力流动。动力分流机构26的输出驱动差速器28，所述差速器28在前轮之间划分动力，同时允许轻微的转速差(诸如，当车辆转弯时)。
图2示出了用于动力分流式混合动力变速驱动桥14的运动学布置。在输入轴30处提供来自内燃发动机10的动力，所述输入轴30适于固定到发动机曲轴。换向齿轮传动装置24被配置为以两个传动比(包括正传动比和负传动比)交替地将中间轴32选择性地可驱动地连接到输入轴30。可选单向离合器(SOWC)34是具有至少两种状态的可控装置。例如，参见于2017年1月13日提交的美国专利申请15/405664中所描述的装置。在分离状态下，SOWC 34不传递任何扭矩，并且不约束输入轴30和中间轴32的相对转速。在接合状态下，SOWC 34将输入轴30约束为旋转得不快于中间轴32。在接合状态下，SOWC 34可在输入轴30和中间轴32处于相同转速时将扭矩从输入轴30传递到中间轴32。在处于接合状态时以另一方向传递扭矩的任何尝试都造成SOWC超越。SOWC 34还具有锁止状态，在锁止状态下，转速被约束为相等，并且可沿任一方向传递扭矩。在前进混合动力驱动模式中，传动装置控制器命令SOWC34处于接合状态或锁止状态，从而将输入轴30选择性地可驱动地连接到中间轴32。在倒车混合动力驱动模式中，传动装置控制器命令SOWC 34处于分离状态。
齿轮36固定地结合到输入轴30并与齿轮38相啮合。齿轮40固定地结合到中间轴32并与惰轮(idler gear)42相啮合。惰轮42与齿轮44相啮合。在倒车混合动力驱动模式中，控制器命令SOWC 46进入接合状态或锁止状态以将齿轮38选择性地结合到齿轮44。在这种情况下，输入轴30以负传动比可驱动地连接到中间轴32。可选择这些齿轮的齿数使得中间轴32的转速的绝对值低于输入轴30的转速的绝对值。在前进混合动力驱动模式中，SOWC46被命令为分离状态。在可替代的实施例中，齿轮38可固定地结合到齿轮44，并且SOWC 46可使在图2的实施例中固定地结合的部件选择性地结合。在可替代的实施例中，可用摩擦离合器、牙嵌式离合器或其它类型的可控结合装置来替代SOWC 34和SOWC 46中的一个或两者。
在相对较低的车速下，由中间轴32传递的发动机动力通过行星齿轮组50被分流成两个动力流动路径。其中一个动力流动路径为完全机械式的。在另一动力流动路径中，通过发电机52将机械动力转换为电力，然后通过牵引马达54转换回机械动力。在一些工况下，在该电力流动路径中的一些电力可被转移到电池12以供后续使用。在其它工况下，来自电池12的电力可被添加到电力流动路径。这两个动力流动路径的动力在经由差速器28传递给车轮之前在副轴56处进行组合。发电机52和牵引马达54两者都是能够将机械动力转换为电力以及将电力转换为机械动力的可逆电机。发电机52和牵引马达54可以是例如经由相应的逆变器连接到DC总线的同步AC马达。在较高车速下，在电力流动路径中，电力可沿相反的方向流动，从而建立再循环动力状况。
行星齿轮组50的行星架58固定地结合到中间轴32。中心齿轮60固定地结合到发电机52的转子。环形齿轮62固定地结合到齿轮64。在可替代的实施例中，可调换这些连接中的一些，诸如，将齿轮64连接到行星架而将中间轴连接到环形齿轮。一组行星齿轮66被支撑为相对于行星架58旋转，并与中心齿轮60和环形齿轮62二者相啮合。
副轴56被支撑为围绕平行于输入轴线并相对于输入轴线偏移的副轴轴线旋转。齿轮68固定地结合到副轴56并与齿轮64相啮合。齿轮64和68构成机械动力流动路径。牵引马达54的转子被支撑为围绕平行于输入轴线和副轴轴线并相对于输入轴线和副轴轴线偏移的第三轴线旋转。齿轮70固定地结合到牵引马达54的转子轴72。齿轮74固定地结合到副轴56并与齿轮70相啮合以将机械动力从牵引马达传递给副轴。
齿轮76固定地结合到副轴56并与差速器环形齿轮78相啮合。差速器环形齿轮78固定地结合到差速器28的座架80。若干锥形行星齿轮82被支撑为相对于差速器座架80旋转。每个锥形行星齿轮与左锥形半轴齿轮84和右锥形半轴齿轮86两者啮合。左锥形半轴齿轮84和右锥形半轴齿轮86分别固定地结合到左半轴88和右半轴90，以将动力传递给左车轮和右车轮。差速器环形齿轮78、差速器座架80、左锥形半轴齿轮84以及右锥形半轴齿轮86都被支撑为围绕差速器轴线旋转。左半轴88和右半轴90可包括万向节，以适应差速器轴线与左右车轮的旋转轴线之间的轻微差异。
在前进或倒车时，车辆可以以电驱动模式进行操作。在电驱动模式中，SOWC 34和SOWC 46两者都被命令为锁止状态。这迫使输入轴30和中间轴32两者都静止。为了推进车辆，牵引马达54、发电机52或二者的组合被命令为产生扭矩。由牵引马达54产生的扭矩经由齿轮70和74被传递给副轴56。中间轴32使行星架58保持静止，从而行星齿轮组50使发电机52的扭矩倍增，并将所述倍增的扭矩传递到环形齿轮62，再从环形齿轮62通过齿轮64和68传递给副轴56。在电驱动模式下，最大扭矩容量高于没有换向机构24的动力分流式混合动力动力传动系统的最大扭矩容量，这是因为两个电机都对输出扭矩有贡献。传统的动力分流式混合动力动力传动系统不具有向发电机52提供反作用扭矩的能力，除非为此目的设置额外的硬件。
由于驾驶员扭矩需求高、电池荷电状态低或其它原因，可能有必要起动发动机。通过若干步骤来完成从电驱动模式到前进混合动力驱动模式的转换。首先，命令牵引马达54提供足够的扭矩来满足驾驶员需求，并且命令发电机52提供可忽略的扭矩。在发电机52提供可忽略的扭矩的情况下，SOWC 46将被有效地卸载并可被命令进入分离状态。一旦SOWC46分离并且SOWC 34锁止，便命令发电机52产生扭矩以起动发动机。由齿轮64提供反作用扭矩从而产生负车轮扭矩。牵引马达54可被命令为在起动期间产生额外的扭矩以作补偿。一旦发动机被起动，发动机便可被命令为产生推进扭矩。发动机扭矩通过发电机52起作用。
除了使SOWC 34分离而不是使SOWC 46分离，以类似的方式完成从电驱动模式到倒车混合动力驱动模式的转换。在倒车混合动力驱动模式中，发动机扭矩的方向相反，并且可通过换向机构24使发动机扭矩倍增。在发电机52提供反作用扭矩的情况下通过齿轮组50使该负扭矩再次倍增。不同于传统的动力分流式混合动力动力传动系统，发动机对车轮扭矩提供正向贡献。因此，在倒车混合动力驱动模式中的扭矩容量大幅增加。
为了从混合动力驱动模式转换到电驱动模式，锁止的SOWC被命令为进入分离状态，并且发动机被命令为关闭。然后，发电机52被命令为具有使中间轴32静止的转速。一旦中间轴32静止，SOWC二者便都被命令为进入锁止状态。
传动装置还可从倒车混合动力驱动模式直接转换为前进混合动力驱动模式。在该转换期间，因为发动机已经在运转，所以无需起动发动机。首先，命令发电机52具有可忽略的扭矩，并使SOWC 46分离。然后，控制发电机52具有使得SOWC 34处于超越状态的转速。在处于超越状态时，命令SOWC34进入接合状态。然后，命令发电机52改变转速以将SOWC 34置于负载状态。在负载状态中，如果有需要，SOWC 34可被命令为进入锁止状态。从前进混合动力驱动模式直接到倒车混合动力驱动模式的转换是类似的。
可在车辆静止、向前运动或向后运动时完成以上描述的每种转换。在所述转换期间，可由牵引马达54提供推进力以满足驾驶员需求。
图3示出了用于动力分流式混合动力变速驱动桥14的替代的运动学布置。与图2的实施例相同的部件具有相同的参考标号。与图2中相应部件在结构上不同但执行相同功能的部件用上撇号(')指示。换向机构24'使用行星齿轮组100来代替图2的副轴齿轮传动。中心齿轮102固定地结合到输入轴30。环形齿轮104固定地结合到中间轴32。行星齿轮106被支撑为相对于行星架108旋转，并与中心齿轮102和环形齿轮104两者相啮合。SOWC 34'将输入轴选择性地结合到行星架108。当SOWC 34'锁止或者接合但未超越时，中间轴32与输入轴30以相同的方向和相同的转速旋转。SOWC 46'将行星架108选择性地结合到传动装置的壳体。当SOWC 46'锁止或者接合但未超越时，中间轴32以与输入轴30相反的方向和更慢的绝对值转速旋转。当SOWC 34'和SOWC 46'二者都锁止时，输入轴30和中间轴32两者都保持静止。
虽然上文描述了示例性实施例，但并不意味着这些实施例描述了权利要求所包含的所有可能的形式。说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解的是，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所述，可将各种实施例的特征组合以形成本发明的可能没有被明确描述或示出的进一步的实施例。尽管各种实施例可能已被描述为在一个或更多个期望的特性方面提供优点或者优于其它实施例或现有技术实施方式，但是本领域普通技术人员应该认识到，根据具体应用和实施方式，一个或更多个特征或特性可被折衷，以实现期望的总体系统属性。因此，被描述为在一个或更多个特性方面不如其它实施例或现有技术实施方式合意的实施例并不在本公开的范围之外，并且可被期望用于特定应用。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力传动装置，包括：
行星齿轮组，具有中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮，其中，中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的第一者固定地可驱动地连接到第一电机，并且中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的第二者固定地可驱动地连接到第二电机和输出；
换向齿轮传动装置，被配置为以两个传动比交替地使中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的第三者选择性地可驱动地连接到输入轴，所述传动比中的第一传动比为负，并且所述传动比中的第二传动比为正，
其中，所述换向齿轮传动装置包括：
第一副轴齿轮，固定地结合到输入轴；
第二副轴齿轮，固定地可驱动地连接到第一副轴齿轮；
第三副轴齿轮，结合到第二副轴齿轮；
第四副轴齿轮，固定地结合到中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的所述第三者，并且固定地可驱动地连接到第三副轴齿轮；
第一换挡元件，被配置为将第三副轴齿轮选择性地结合到第二副轴齿轮，以建立所述第一传动比。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动装置，其中，所述换向齿轮传动装置还包括：
第二换挡元件，被配置为将输入轴选择性地结合到中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的所述第三者，以建立所述第二传动比。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力传动装置，其中，所述第二换挡元件为可选单向离合器，所述可选单向离合器具有分离状态和锁止状态，其中，在分离状态下，输入轴与中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的所述第三者断开；在锁止状态下，输入轴与中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的所述第三者固定地结合在一起。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动装置，其中，所述第一换挡元件为可选单向离合器，所述可选单向离合器具有分离状态和锁止状态，其中，在分离状态下，第三副轴齿轮与第二副轴齿轮断开；在锁止状态下，第三副轴齿轮与第二副轴齿轮固定地结合在一起。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动装置，其中：
所述第一副轴齿轮与第二副轴齿轮相啮合；
第三副轴齿轮和第四副轴齿轮两者都与惰轮啮合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动装置，其中，中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的所述第一者为中心齿轮，中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的所述第二者为环形齿轮，并且中心齿轮、行星架和环形齿轮中的所述第三者为行星架。
7.一种车辆，包括：
行星齿轮组，具有固定地可驱动地连接到第一电机的中心齿轮、行星架以及固定地可驱动地连接到第二电机和车辆车轮的环形齿轮；
第一副轴齿轮，固定地结合到固定到发动机曲轴的输入轴；
第二副轴齿轮，固定地可驱动地连接到第一副轴齿轮；
第三副轴齿轮，结合到第二副轴齿轮；
第四副轴齿轮，固定地结合到行星架，并且固定地可驱动地连接到第三副轴齿轮；
第一换挡元件，被配置为将第三副轴齿轮选择性地结合到第二副轴齿轮，以在发动机曲轴与行星架之间选择性地建立具有负传动比的第一动力流动路径。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，还包括：
第二换挡元件，被配置为在发动机曲轴与行星架之间选择性地建立具有正传动比的第二动力流动路径。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆，还包括：
控制器，被配置为使第一换挡元件和第二换挡元件同时接合，以保持行星架不旋转，从而利用第一电机提供反作用扭矩以推进车辆。
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