CN108412905B - 万向节轴承 - Google Patents
万向节轴承 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
- F16C19/55—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction with intermediate floating or independently-driven rings rotating at reduced speed or with other differential ball or roller bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
- F16C33/7886—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted outside the gap between the inner and outer races, e.g. sealing rings mounted to an end face or outer surface of a race
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C21/00—Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C21/005—Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings, for exclusively rotary movement the external zone of a bearing with rolling members, e.g. needles, being cup-shaped, with or without a separate thrust-bearing disc or ring, e.g. for universal joints
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
- F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
- F16C33/7809—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings for needle roller bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
- F16C33/7889—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members mounted to an inner race and extending toward the outer race
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
- F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
- F16D3/382—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
- F16D3/385—Bearing cup; Bearing construction; Bearing seal; Mounting of bearing on the intermediate member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3268—Mounting of sealing rings
- F16J15/3276—Mounting of sealing rings with additional static sealing between the sealing, or its casing or support, and the surface on which it is mounted
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/44—Needle bearings
- F16C19/46—Needle bearings with one row or needles
- F16C19/466—Needle bearings with one row or needles comprising needle rollers and an outer ring, i.e. subunit without inner ring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
- F16D2300/08—Details or arrangements of sealings not provided for in group F16D3/84
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- Sealing Of Bearings (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种万向节轴承,包括一个杯(12),所述杯(12)用作所述万向节轴承的外圈(14)。提出的是,所述万向节轴承恰好包括一个密封环(16),所述密封环(16)被设置用于密封所述杯与耳轴(10)之间的间隙(18)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及万向节轴承。
背景技术
已知一种万向节轴承装置,其包括一个耳轴和一个杯,其中所述杯用作万向节轴承的外圈。特别是CN105317847A和CN100588850C公开了用于这种情况的密封(件)。
发明内容
本发明的目的特别是提供一种非常有效的根据本发明的万向节轴承。根据本发明该目的通过本专利技术方案1的特征来实现,而本发明的有利实施方式和进一步发展可以由从属技术方案获得。
本发明涉及一种万向节轴承,包括一个杯,所述杯用作万向节轴承的外圈。
提出的是,所述万向节轴承恰好(/只)(exactly)包括一个密封环,所述密封环被设置用于密封所述杯与耳轴之间的间隙。“万向节轴承”特别是万向节的一部分,其至少包括杯和滚动元件(/滚动体)(rolling elements),但不包括耳轴。根据本发明,实现了非常有效的万向节轴承。特别是实现了对万向节轴承的非常有效且成本有效的密封。此外,特别是实现了在极端条件下保护万向节轴承免受重泥和灰尘(的影响)。
附图说明
其它优点由以下附图说明得出。在附图中示出了本发明的(多个)实施方式。附图、说明书和权利要求书包含了许多特征组合。本领域技术人员还将得当地单个考虑这些特征并将它们组合成有意义的其它组合。
图1示出了机动车辆,该机动车辆包括万向节,所述万向节具有根据本发明的万向节轴承,
图2以爆炸图的方式示出了万向节,
图3示出了万向节轴承的密封环的截面,
图4示出了万向节轴承与耳轴的截面的一部分,
图5示出了根据本发明的第二万向节轴承的密封环的截面,其包括轴向密封唇,
图6示出了第二万向节轴承与耳轴的截面的一部分,
图7示出了根据本发明的第三万向节轴承的密封环与金属环的截面,
图8示出了第三万向节轴承与耳轴的截面的一部分,
图9示出了根据本发明的第四万向节轴承的密封环和金属环的截面,其中金属环处于径向外侧位置,
图10示出了第四万向节轴承与耳轴的截面的一部分,
图11示出了根据本发明的第五万向节轴承的密封环和金属环的截面,其中密封环包括四个密封唇,
图12示出了第五万向节轴承与耳轴的截面的一部分,
图13示出了根据本发明的第六万向节轴承的密封环和金属环的截面,
图14示出了第六万向节轴承与耳轴的截面的一部分。
附图标记说明
10 耳轴
12 杯
14 外圈
16 密封环
18 间隙
20 密封唇
22 径向
24 轴向
26 底部
28 金属环
30 密封唇
34 传动轴
36 机动车辆
38 万向节轴承
40 万向节
42 密封唇
44 密封唇
46 密封唇
48 加强环
50 弹性体环
52 区域
54 十字头
56 圆柱部分
58 遮蔽部分
60 部分
62 底切部分
具体实施方式
图1示出了机动车辆36,机动车辆36包括万向节(/万向接头)(universal joint)40,万向节40具有万向节轴承装置。万向节轴承装置具有根据本发明的万向节轴承38和万向节的十字头(crosspiece)54(图2至图4)。机动车辆为卡车。万向节连接到卡车的传动轴(/推进轴)(propeller shaft)34。十字头的耳轴(trunnion)10用作万向节轴承的内圈。此外,万向节轴承包括杯(/外圈)(cup,另外cup一词本身也有轴承外圈之意)12,杯12用作万向节轴承的外圈14。万向节轴承恰好(/只)(exactly)具有一个密封环16,密封环16密封所述杯与所述耳轴之间的间隙18。所述密封环由加强环48和弹性体环50构成。它(/密封环)被压力配合地(force-fitly)固定于耳轴。加强环优选由金属材料制成,但是非金属材料以及(金属材料与非金属材料)这两者的组合(也)是可选的解决方案。弹性体环优选由非金属材料(如橡胶或热塑性弹性体)制成。金属材料(如烧结材料)或金属材料与非金属材料的组合也是可选的解决方案。
此外,万向节轴承具有金属环28,金属环28被直接压力配合地固定在所述杯上。弹性体环包括相对于所述耳轴而言主要沿径向22延伸的第一密封唇20和第二密封唇30。这两个密封唇以密封的方式抵靠在所述金属环上,以密封所述间隙18。此外,所述弹性体环通过所述加强环而定位成朝向所述杯的径向外(侧)表面靠近,这也有助于密封间隙18。这两个密封唇20、30沿着耳轴的轴向24彼此前后地定位。它们(/这两个密封唇)通过加强环48而相对于万向节轴承的外部受到保护。
万向节轴承可以是免维护的或非免维护的。
图5至图12示出了可供选择的实施方式。实质上相同的组成部件、特征和功能始终被赋予相同的附图标记。然而,为了区分示例性实施方式,将字母“a”、“b”等添加到图5至图12中的示例性实施方式的附图标记。以下说明基本上限于与图1至图4中的示例性实施方式的区别,其中可以参照图1至图4中的示例性实施方式的(关于)保持相同的组成部件、特征和功能的说明。
在第一可选择的实施方式(图5和图6)中,弹性体环50a包括密封唇30a,密封唇30a相对于耳轴而言主要沿轴向24a朝向所述杯的底部26延伸。密封环的第三密封唇42a指向径向内侧并且也抵靠金属环28a。密封环总共包括三个密封唇。
在第二可选择的实施方式(图7和图8)中,弹性体环具有第三密封唇42b,第三密封唇42b相对于耳轴10b而言主要沿径向22b延伸。密封唇42b抵靠金属环28b的圆柱部分(/筒状部分)56b。金属环被压力配合地(/以压力配合的方式)固定于所述杯12b。此外,金属环28b包括与所述圆柱部分邻接的遮蔽部分58b。所述遮蔽部分具有(呈)圆锥表面的一部分的形状,并且(所述遮蔽部分)与所述圆柱部分相比位于离所述杯的底部更远的位置。原则上看,遮蔽部分可以被定向成相对于圆柱部分56b成0°至90°。遮蔽部分特别是保护密封环免受重污染,即来自环境的灰尘和有害机械影响。在本示例中,遮蔽部分直接由金属环形成。在本发明的其它实施方式中,遮蔽部分不与金属环形成一体。
在第三可选择的实施方式(图9和图10)中,万向节轴承包括金属环28c,金属环28c具有这样的区域52c:该区域52c到所述杯的重心的距离比密封环的所有区域(到所述杯的重心的距离)大。金属环的一部分在径向外侧围绕(/包围)密封环,并固定于所述杯12c的径向外表面。密封环固定于所述杯,并且包括三个密封唇20c、30c、42c,每个密封唇均相对于径向22c而言以0°至90°之间的角度倾斜。密封环的所有密封唇均抵靠耳轴。(这些密封)唇确保了对轴承的更好的保护。
此外,金属环包括额外的遮蔽部分58c,遮蔽部分58c被朝向耳轴定向,这提供了额外的保护。由此保护了密封环免受来自环境的重泥(heavy mud)和泥浆颗粒的影响。
在第四可选择的实施方式(图11和图12)中,密封环包括抵靠金属环28d的四个密封唇20d、30d、44d、46d。其中的三个密封唇20d、30d、44d相对于耳轴10d而言沿轴向24d以及沿径向22d平等地(/均等地)(equally)延伸。密封唇46d径向向内延伸,并在金属环的径向外表面处抵靠金属环。金属环28d设置有能够使所述(金属)环与密封环16d预先组装的底切部分(undercut portion)62d。通过该特征,万向节轴承38、金属环和密封环(在将如下述的预先组装单元安装在十字头54的耳轴10d上之前)形成了预先组装单元。作为一种选择,金属环28可以由非金属材料制成,或者由金属材料与非金属材料的组合而制成。作为另一种选择,该环(/金属环)可以是一个单个的部件或者是多于一个部件的组合(/组装件)(assembly)。
此外,密封环16d的弹性体环50d包括与(该)可选择的实施方式的杯14d的径向外表面接触的部分60d。由此所述部分60d在工作状况下起到擦拭器(wiper)的作用,从而从杯14d的径向外表面擦除污物。
在第五可选择的实施方式(图13和图14)中,万向节轴承包括金属环28e,金属环28e具有这样的区域52e:该区域52e到所述杯的重心的距离比密封环16e的所有区域(到所述杯的重心的距离)大。金属环的第一部分在径向外侧围绕密封环,并固定于所述杯12e的径向外表面。金属环的第二部分从所述第一部分沿径向向内突出。第一部分和第二部分保护密封环免受重尘和污物的影响。因此密封环的使用寿命长。密封环被压力配合地固定于所述杯,并且包括四个密封唇20e、30e、42e、44e。密封环的所有密封唇均抵靠耳轴。这些唇确保了对轴承的更好的保护。由于其(/密封环)固定于所述杯并且被金属环保护,因此该密封环在冲击载荷(shock loads)下也提供了可靠的密封。
Claims (17)
1.一种万向节轴承,包括一个杯(12),所述杯(12)用作所述万向节轴承的外圈(14),
其特征在于,
所述万向节轴承恰好包括一个密封环(16),所述密封环(16)被设置用于密封所述杯与耳轴(10)之间的间隙(18);
所述万向节轴承包括至少一个金属环(28),所述金属环至少固定在所述杯上,所述金属环的至少部分抵靠于所述密封环(16),
所述密封环包括至少一个密封唇(20),所述至少一个密封唇(20)抵靠于所述金属环,
或者,所述金属环的一端叠置在所述杯(12)的径向外表面,所述金属环的另一端面对所述耳轴(10)取向,使得金属环的另一端位于所述密封环的在径向方向上的投影区域的外部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,该密封唇相对于所述耳轴和/或所述杯而言主要沿径向(22)延伸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,该密封唇相对于所述耳轴和/或所述杯而言主要沿轴向(24)延伸。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,所述密封环的密封唇(20、30)中的至少一个密封唇以密封的方式抵靠在所述金属环上。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,所述金属环包括至少一个这样的区域(52c):该区域到所述杯的重心的距离比所述密封环的所有区域到所述杯的重心的距离大。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,所述密封环总共包括三个或四个或五个密封唇(20、30)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,所述密封环被至少压力配合地固定于所述耳轴或所述杯。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,所述密封环的所有密封唇均抵靠所述耳轴。
9.根述权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,所述密封环和/或所述金属环和/或所述杯设置有至少一个底切部分(62),所述底切部分允许在所述轴承被安装在万向节的十字头的耳轴上之前使这两个环预先组装。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,所述金属环直接地至少固定在所述杯上。
11.根据权利要求3所述的万向节轴承,其特征在于,该密封唇朝向所述杯的底部(26)延伸。
12.一种万向节轴承装置,包括根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的万向节轴承和所述耳轴,其中所述杯与所述耳轴之间的间隙仅由一个密封环密封。
13.一种万向节,包括根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的万向节轴承。
14.根据权利要求13所述的万向节,其特征在于,所述杯与所述耳轴之间的间隙仅由一个密封环密封,所述耳轴是所述万向节的十字头的一部分。
15.根据权利要求13所述的万向节,其特征在于,所述万向节是连接到马达驱动设备的传动轴(34)的万向节。
16.一种机动车辆,包括根据权利要求13至15中任一项所述的万向节(40)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的机动车辆,其特征在于,所述机动车辆为卡车。
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CN108412905A (zh) | 2018-08-17 |
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