CN108409592A - 一种左乙拉西坦的杂质及其合成方法 - Google Patents

一种左乙拉西坦的杂质及其合成方法 Download PDF

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CN108409592A
CN108409592A CN201810468738.9A CN201810468738A CN108409592A CN 108409592 A CN108409592 A CN 108409592A CN 201810468738 A CN201810468738 A CN 201810468738A CN 108409592 A CN108409592 A CN 108409592A
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formula
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CN108409592B (zh
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陈勇必
朱坤
龚玉龙
林文权
朱元勋
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Zhejiang Haitian Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huahai Zhicheng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Haitian Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Zhejiang Huahai Zhicheng Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/22Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from lactams, cyclic ketones or cyclic oximes, e.g. by reactions involving Beckmann rearrangement
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/14Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof
    • C07C227/16Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions not involving the amino or carboxyl groups

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种式I所示的左乙拉西坦新杂质以及该杂质的合成方法,

Description

一种左乙拉西坦的杂质及其合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种左乙拉西坦的新杂质以及合成方法,属于医药化工领域。
背景技术
左乙拉西坦(Levetiracetam,商品名为Keppra)是由比利时公司UCB研制的一种新型的抗癫痫药物,它是一种乙酰吡咯烷类化合物,其化学名称为(S)-α-乙基-2-氧合-1-乙酰胺吡咯烷,结构如下所示:
其中式II所示的化合物α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸为其关键中间体,例如专利US4696943报道将其通过拆分获得(S)-α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸,再进一步氨化得到左乙拉西坦:
发明内容
发明人在研究左乙拉西坦的制备过程中发现式II所示的α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸存在一种未曾被报道过的新杂质,该杂质可由中间体带到成品中去,对成品质量造成影响。该杂质命名为2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,结构式如式I所示:
本发明还提供了式I所示化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)加热条件下,使式II的化合物α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸在强碱条件下在水或者有机溶剂中反应,
(b)反应结束后,在步骤(a)的反应液中加酸,分离得到式I所示化合物,
其中所述碱优选为:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾或丁基锂。所述碱与式II所示化合物的投料摩尔比优选为1~20:1。
所述有机溶剂优选为:四氢呋喃、甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚或乙腈。所述水或有机溶剂体积用量相对于每克式II所示化合物优选为1.5ml~10ml。
步骤(b)所述酸优选为盐酸。
步骤(b)加入酸调节pH至0.5~5.0,进一步优选调节pH至3.0。
本发明发现的新杂质对于左乙拉西坦成品的质量控制方面具有非常有用的价值,例如:研究该杂质及其衍生物对于成品的污染程度,以及研究如何控制该杂质的生成,降低对成品污染的风险。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,但不用于限制本发明的范围。
实例1:
取α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸20g于三口瓶中,加入水60ml,然后加入氢氧化钠9.4g,于90~120℃下搅拌反应9小时,加入盐酸调节pH至3.0,降温析晶得到2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,烘干称重得20.1g,收率为90%,纯度为95.8%。
结构鉴定如下:
MS-ESI(M+1)=190.1;MS-ESI(M-1)=188.1。
H-NMR(DMSO-d6):δ:12.38(S,1H),12.01(S,1H),3.43-3.37(m,1H),3.35-3.27(m,1H),2.57-2.49(m,2H),2.33-3.27(m,2H),1.75-1.60(m,4H),0.89-0.83(m,3H)。
实例2:
取α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸20g于三口瓶中,加入四氢呋喃30ml,然后加入氢氧化钾39.4g,于90~120℃下搅拌反应8小时,浓缩掉溶剂,加入水和精制盐酸调节pH至1.0,降温析晶,过滤得到2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,烘干后称重为15.3g,收率为69.2%,纯度为97.2%。
实例3:
取α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸20g于三口瓶中,加入甲苯100ml,然后加入甲醇钠50.5g,于95~110℃下搅拌反应6小时,浓缩掉溶剂,加入水和精制盐酸调节pH至4.0,降温析晶,过滤得到2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,烘干后称重为15.3g,收率为57%,纯度为93.5%。
实例4:
取α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸20g于三口瓶中,加入甲基叔丁基醚70ml,然后加入叔丁醇钠168.4g,于50~70℃下搅拌反应9小时,浓缩掉溶剂,加入水和精制盐酸调节pH至2.0,降温析晶,过滤得到2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,烘干后称重为17.3g,收率为78.3%,纯度为89.5%。
实例5:
取α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸20g于三口瓶中,加入乙腈180ml,然后加入叔丁醇钾91.7g,于50~70℃下搅拌反应8小时,浓缩掉溶剂,加入水和精制盐酸调节pH至4.5,降温析晶,过滤得到2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,烘干后称重为19.2g,收率为86.9%,纯度为92.5%。
实例6:
取α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸20g于三口瓶中,加入四氢呋喃80ml,然后加入丁基锂142.2g,于50~70℃下搅拌反应3小时,浓缩掉溶剂,加入水和精制盐酸调节pH至3.5,降温析晶,过滤得到2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,烘干后称重为17.6g,收率为80.0%,纯度为93.9%。

Claims (9)

1.一种化合物,命名为2-[(3-羧基丙基)氨基]丁酸,结构式如式I所示:
2.式I所示化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)加热条件下,使式II的化合物α-乙基-2-氧代-1-吡咯烷乙酸在强碱条件下在水或者有机溶剂中反应,
(b)反应结束后,在步骤(a)的反应液中加酸,分离得到式I所示化合物,
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述碱选自:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾或丁基锂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,所述有机溶剂选自:四氢呋喃、甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚或乙腈。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,所述碱与式II所示化合物的投料摩尔比为1~20:1。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,所述水或有机溶剂体积用量相对于每克式II所示化合物为1.5ml~10ml。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,步骤(b)所述酸为盐酸。
8.根据权利要求2所述的方法,步骤(b)加入酸调节pH至0.5~5.0。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,步骤(b)加入酸调节pH至3.0。
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