CN108397182B - Device and method for enhancing permeability of coal seam through electric pulse and liquid nitrogen freeze thawing - Google Patents

Device and method for enhancing permeability of coal seam through electric pulse and liquid nitrogen freeze thawing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108397182B
CN108397182B CN201810389045.0A CN201810389045A CN108397182B CN 108397182 B CN108397182 B CN 108397182B CN 201810389045 A CN201810389045 A CN 201810389045A CN 108397182 B CN108397182 B CN 108397182B
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injection pipe
liquid nitrogen
pressure water
nitrogen
water injection
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CN108397182A (en
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杨明
刘佳佳
郭飞鹏
毕景仓
洪林
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006Production of coal-bed methane

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for an electric pulse cooperated with liquid nitrogen freeze thawing permeability-increasing coal bed, which comprises a pulse discharge reactor, a cable, a high-pressure pulse generator, a high-pressure water injection pipe, a hole sealing device, a nitrogen injection pipe, a water source, a high-pressure water pump, a liquid nitrogen pump and a liquid nitrogen source; the high-pressure water injection pipe is provided with a water injection valve and a pressure gauge, the nitrogen injection pipe is provided with a nitrogen injection valve, and the water injection valve, the pressure gauge and the nitrogen injection valve are all positioned outside the freeze thawing drilling hole. The invention also discloses a method for carrying out freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal seam by using the device of the electric pulse and the liquid nitrogen freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal seam. The invention has reasonable design, simple structure and easy operation, firstly, the coal seam is injected with water, and then the electric pulse is carried out to impact the coal seam, so that the cracks of the coal seam are increased, the freezing and thawing efficiency of liquid nitrogen is improved, the cyclic operation is carried out, the melting of ice in the cracks is facilitated, the permeability of the low-permeability coal seam is greatly improved, and the gas drainage effect is improved.

Description

Device and method for enhancing permeability of coal seam through electric pulse and liquid nitrogen freeze thawing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of permeability improvement of low-permeability coal seams, and particularly relates to a device and a method for an electric pulse cooperated with liquid nitrogen freeze thawing permeability improvement coal seam.
Background
The geological conditions of China are complex, the coal seam belongs to low-permeability gas coal seams, and the coal seam occurrence conditions and the severe mining environment tend to influence the safe production of the coal mine along with the increase of mining depth and mining scale and the increase of ground stress, gas content and gas pressure. How to rapidly, efficiently and highly produce the extracted gas becomes the key of energy development and utilization. At present, the reflection-increasing mode at home and abroad is improved, hydraulic fracturing reflection-increasing, deep hole blasting and dense drilling are carried out, or the requirements of the existing low-permeability coal bed cannot be met, or certain defects exist, such as fewer cracks formed by hydraulic fracturing and water resource waste; deep hole blasting has high requirements on drilling process and high pollution; the dense drilling anti-reflection process is complex. The liquid nitrogen freeze thawing anti-reflection is simple and convenient at present, and the anti-reflection effect is excellent, but liquid nitrogen needs to be saturated with water in a coal reservoir, so that how to enable the coal reservoir to store water more effectively becomes a difficulty of liquid ammonia freeze thawing anti-reflection. The invention uses the electric pulse technology, firstly carries out preliminary fracturing on the coal reservoir so that water can enter into deeper coal beds, and then injects liquid nitrogen to carry out liquid nitrogen anti-reflection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a device and a method for increasing the cracks of a coal bed, improving the freezing and thawing effect of liquid nitrogen, realizing cyclic operation and achieving good permeability improvement effect by combining electric pulses with the freezing and thawing effect of liquid nitrogen.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the device for enhancing the permeability of the coal seam by combining electric pulse with liquid nitrogen freeze thawing comprises a pulse discharge reactor, a cable, a high-pressure pulse generator, a high-pressure water injection pipe, a hole sealing device, a nitrogen injection pipe, a water source, a high-pressure water pump, a liquid nitrogen pump and a liquid nitrogen source;
the high-pressure water injection pipe, the cable and the nitrogen injection pipe extend into the freeze thawing drill hole, the hole sealing device is arranged at the orifice of the freeze thawing drill hole to seal the high-pressure water injection pipe, the cable and the nitrogen injection pipe, the pulse discharge reactor is fixedly arranged at the outlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe through the connecting frame, one end of the cable inside the freeze thawing drill hole is connected with the pulse discharge reactor, one end of the cable outside the freeze thawing drill hole is connected with the high-pressure pulse generator, the inlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe is connected with a water source, the high-pressure water pump is arranged on the high-pressure water injection pipe and is adjacent to the water source, the inlet end of the nitrogen injection pipe is connected with a liquid nitrogen source, and the liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the nitrogen injection pipe and is adjacent to the liquid nitrogen source.
The high-pressure water injection pipe is provided with a water injection valve and a pressure gauge, the nitrogen injection pipe is provided with a nitrogen injection valve, and the water injection valve, the pressure gauge and the nitrogen injection valve are all positioned outside the freeze thawing drilling hole.
And a cable is arranged along the outer wall of the high-pressure water injection pipe between the outside of the hole sealing device and the outlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe and is adhered through a waterproof adhesive tape, and the joint of the cable and the pulse discharge reactor is insulated and sealed.
The method for carrying out freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal layer by using the electric pulse and the device for carrying out freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal layer by using liquid nitrogen comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a coal bed at a construction site, and constructing and drilling a freeze thawing drill hole into the coal bed;
(2) The pulse discharge reactor is arranged at one end of a high-pressure water injection pipe through a connecting frame, one end of a cable is connected with the pulse discharge reactor, then the cable is fixed to the high-pressure water injection pipe along the length direction of the high-pressure water injection pipe by using a waterproof adhesive tape, one end of the high-pressure water injection pipe, which is provided with the pulse discharge reactor, and one end of a nitrogen injection pipe are sent into a freeze thawing borehole together, the other end of the cable is connected with an external high-pressure pulse generator, the high-pressure water injection pipe, a high-pressure water pump and a water source are connected, a water injection valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the high-pressure water injection pipe, the nitrogen injection pipe, a liquid nitrogen pump and a liquid nitrogen source are connected, the nitrogen injection valve is arranged on the nitrogen injection pipe, and finally a hole sealing device is adopted to seal holes of the freeze thawing borehole;
(3) Starting a water injection valve, starting a high-pressure water pump, injecting water into the freeze thawing drill hole by the high-pressure water injection pipe by the high-pressure water pump, stopping water injection when the pressure gauge shows that the pressure reaches 5-10Mpa, and closing the high-pressure water pump and the water injection valve;
(4) Starting a power supply of the high-voltage pulse generator to charge the pulse discharge reactor, starting discharging the pulse discharge reactor when the voltage reaches 30-350KV, generating a liquid-electricity effect between water and electricity in the freeze thawing drill hole, sending out shock waves, damaging a coal bed by the shock waves, forming a fracture network, and closing the high-voltage pulse generator after discharging for 40-60 times;
(5) Starting a nitrogen injection valve, starting a liquid nitrogen pump, injecting liquid nitrogen into the freeze thawing drill hole by the liquid nitrogen pump through a nitrogen injection pipe, enabling a coal bed with a fracture network to form a temperature gradient, enabling low-temperature liquid nitrogen to contact with water, enabling the liquid nitrogen to be quickly vaporized, and enabling the volume of the vaporized nitrogen to expand to impact the coal wall; the liquid nitrogen amount in the freezing and thawing drill hole can be up to the extent that water in the coal bed can be totally frozen into ice, a nitrogen injection valve is closed, liquid nitrogen injection is stopped, and the coal bed is increased in permeability;
(6) Repeating the steps (3) - (5) until a preset anti-reflection effect and a preset anti-reflection range are achieved;
(7) Removing the high-pressure water pump and the liquid nitrogen pump, opening a water injection valve, discharging high-pressure water in the freeze thawing drilling hole, and then closing the water injection valve;
(8) And removing the pulse discharge reactor and the high-pressure water injection pipe from the freeze thawing drill hole, installing a gas extraction pipe, and connecting the gas extraction pipe with an external gas extraction pipe network to perform gas extraction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Before liquid nitrogen is injected, electric pulse anti-reflection is performed, and the coal seam is subjected to first fracturing, so that the water saturation rate of the coal seam is increased, and the liquid nitrogen freezing and thawing range and the coal body anti-reflection effect are improved. Therefore, the invention greatly improves the permeability of the low-permeability coal seam.
(2) Because the low temperature affects the desorption of the gas, and the pure liquid nitrogen increases the permeability, the temperature rise time is slow, and the circulation time is long. The electric pulse can raise the temperature of water in coal seam in short time, and can raise the permeability of coal and the desorption of gas greatly.
In conclusion, the invention mainly aims at the problems that more cracks are needed in the coal bed for liquid nitrogen freeze thawing and permeability improvement, water is favorable for fully entering, and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen freeze thawing influences gas desorption. The invention has reasonable design, simple structure and easy operation, firstly, the coal seam is injected with water, and then the electric pulse is carried out to impact the coal seam, so that the cracks of the coal seam are increased, the freezing and thawing efficiency of liquid nitrogen is improved, the cyclic operation is carried out, the melting of ice in the cracks is facilitated, the permeability of the low-permeability coal seam is greatly improved, and the gas drainage effect is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the device for freeze thawing an anti-reflection coal seam by electric pulse cooperated with liquid nitrogen comprises a pulse discharge reactor 1, a cable 2, a high-pressure pulse generator 3, a high-pressure water injection pipe 4, a hole sealing device 5, a nitrogen injection pipe 6, a water source 7, a high-pressure water pump 8, a liquid nitrogen pump 9 and a liquid nitrogen source 10;
the high-pressure water injection pipe 4, the cable 2 and the nitrogen injection pipe 6 extend into the freeze-thawing drill hole 11, the hole sealing device 5 is arranged at the orifice of the freeze-thawing drill hole 11 to seal the outsides of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4, the cable 2 and the nitrogen injection pipe 6, the pulse discharge reactor 1 is fixedly arranged at the outlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 through a connecting frame, one end of the cable 2 inside the freeze-thawing drill hole 11 is connected with the pulse discharge reactor 1, one end of the cable 2 outside the freeze-thawing drill hole 11 is connected with the high-pressure pulse generator 3, the inlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 is connected with the water source 7, the high-pressure water pump 8 is arranged on the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 and is adjacent to the water source 7, the inlet end of the nitrogen injection pipe 6 is connected with the liquid nitrogen source 10, and the liquid nitrogen pump 9 is arranged on the nitrogen injection pipe 6 and is adjacent to the liquid nitrogen source 10.
The high-pressure water injection pipe 4 is provided with a water injection valve 12 and a pressure gauge 13, the nitrogen injection pipe 6 is provided with a nitrogen injection valve 14, and the water injection valve 12, the pressure gauge 13 and the nitrogen injection valve 14 are all positioned outside the freeze-thawing drilling hole 11.
Between the outside of the hole sealing device 5 and the outlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4, the cable 2 is arranged along the outer wall of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 and is adhered by a waterproof adhesive tape, and the joint of the cable 2 and the pulse discharge reactor 1 is insulated and sealed.
The pulse discharge reactor 1, the high-pressure pulse generator 3, the hole sealing device 5, the high-pressure water pump 8, the liquid nitrogen pump 9 and the liquid nitrogen source 10 are all of the prior art, and specific structures are not repeated.
The method for carrying out freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal layer by using the electric pulse and the device for carrying out freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal layer by using liquid nitrogen comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a coal seam 15 at a construction site, and constructing and drilling a freeze thawing drill hole 11 into the coal seam 15;
(2) The pulse discharge reactor 1 is arranged at one end of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 through a connecting frame, one end of a cable 2 is connected with the pulse discharge reactor 1, then the cable 2 is fixed on the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 along the length direction of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 by using waterproof adhesive tape, one end of the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 provided with the pulse discharge reactor 1 and one end of a nitrogen injection pipe 6 are sent into a freeze thawing drill hole 11 together, the other end of the cable 2 is connected with an external high-pressure pulse generator 3, the high-pressure water injection pipe 4, a high-pressure water pump 8 and a water source 7 are connected, a water injection valve 12 and a pressure gauge 13 are arranged on the high-pressure water injection pipe 4, the nitrogen injection pipe 6, a liquid nitrogen pump 9 and a liquid nitrogen source 10 are connected, a nitrogen injection valve 14 is arranged on the nitrogen injection pipe 6, and finally a hole sealing device 5 is adopted to seal holes of the freeze thawing drill hole 11;
(3) Starting a water injection valve 12, starting a high-pressure water pump 8, injecting water into a freeze thawing drill hole 11 by the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 by the high-pressure water pump 8, stopping water injection when the pressure gauge 13 shows that the pressure reaches 5-10Mpa, and closing the high-pressure water pump 8 and the water injection valve 12;
(4) Starting a power supply of the high-voltage pulse generator 3 to charge the pulse discharge reactor 1, starting discharging the pulse discharge reactor 1 when the voltage reaches 30-350KV, generating a hydro-electric effect between water and electricity in the freeze thawing drill hole 11, sending out shock waves, damaging the coal bed 15 by the shock waves, forming a fracture network, and closing the high-voltage pulse generator 3 after discharging for 40-60 times;
(5) Starting a nitrogen injection valve 14, starting a liquid nitrogen pump 9, injecting liquid nitrogen into the freeze thawing drill hole 11 through a nitrogen injection pipe by the liquid nitrogen pump 9, enabling a coal bed 15 generating a fracture network to form a temperature gradient, enabling low-temperature liquid nitrogen to contact with moisture, enabling the liquid nitrogen to be quickly vaporized, and enabling the volume of the vaporized nitrogen to expand to impact a coal wall; the liquid nitrogen amount in the freezing and thawing drill hole 11 can be up to the extent that the water in the coal seam 15 can be totally frozen into ice, the nitrogen injection valve 14 is closed, the liquid nitrogen injection is stopped, and the coal seam 15 is enhanced in permeability;
(6) Repeating the steps (3) - (5) until a preset anti-reflection effect and a preset anti-reflection range are achieved;
(7) Removing the high-pressure water pump 8 and the liquid nitrogen pump 9, opening the water injection valve 12, discharging the high-pressure water in the freeze thawing drill hole 11, and then closing the water injection valve 12;
(8) And removing the pulse discharge reactor 1 and the high-pressure water injection pipe 4 from the freeze thawing drill hole 11, installing a gas extraction pipe, and connecting the gas extraction pipe with an external gas extraction pipe network to perform gas extraction.
The present embodiment is not limited in any way by the shape, material, structure, etc. of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention are all included in the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The method for carrying out freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal seam by using the electric pulse and the device for carrying out freeze thawing of the anti-reflection coal seam by using liquid nitrogen is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the device for the electric pulse cooperated with the liquid nitrogen freeze thawing anti-reflection coal seam comprises a pulse discharge reactor, a cable, a high-pressure pulse generator, a high-pressure water injection pipe, a hole sealing device, a nitrogen injection pipe, a water source, a high-pressure water pump, a liquid nitrogen pump and a liquid nitrogen source;
the high-pressure water injection pipe, the cable and the nitrogen injection pipe extend into the freeze-thawing borehole, the hole sealing device is arranged at the orifice of the freeze-thawing borehole to seal the outsides of the high-pressure water injection pipe, the cable and the nitrogen injection pipe, the pulse discharge reactor is fixedly arranged at the outlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe through the connecting frame, one end of the cable inside the freeze-thawing borehole is connected with the pulse discharge reactor, one end of the cable outside the freeze-thawing borehole is connected with the high-pressure pulse generator, the inlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe is connected with a water source, the high-pressure water pump is arranged on the high-pressure water injection pipe and is adjacent to the water source, the inlet end of the nitrogen injection pipe is connected with a liquid nitrogen source, and the liquid nitrogen pump is arranged on the nitrogen injection pipe and is adjacent to the liquid nitrogen source;
the high-pressure water injection pipe is provided with a water injection valve and a pressure gauge, the nitrogen injection pipe is provided with a nitrogen injection valve, and the water injection valve, the pressure gauge and the nitrogen injection valve are all positioned outside the freeze thawing drilling hole;
the cable is arranged along the outer wall of the high-pressure water injection pipe and is adhered by a waterproof adhesive tape between the outside of the hole sealing device and the outlet end of the high-pressure water injection pipe, and the joint of the cable and the pulse discharge reactor is insulated and sealed;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a coal bed at a construction site, and constructing and drilling a freeze thawing drill hole into the coal bed;
(2) The pulse discharge reactor is arranged at one end of a high-pressure water injection pipe through a connecting frame, one end of a cable is connected with the pulse discharge reactor, then the cable is fixed to the high-pressure water injection pipe along the length direction of the high-pressure water injection pipe by using a waterproof adhesive tape, one end of the high-pressure water injection pipe, which is provided with the pulse discharge reactor, and one end of a nitrogen injection pipe are sent into a freeze thawing borehole together, the other end of the cable is connected with an external high-pressure pulse generator, the high-pressure water injection pipe, a high-pressure water pump and a water source are connected, a water injection valve and a pressure gauge are arranged on the high-pressure water injection pipe, the nitrogen injection pipe, a liquid nitrogen pump and a liquid nitrogen source are connected, the nitrogen injection valve is arranged on the nitrogen injection pipe, and finally a hole sealing device is adopted to seal holes of the freeze thawing borehole;
(3) Starting a water injection valve, starting a high-pressure water pump, injecting water into the freeze thawing drill hole by the high-pressure water injection pipe by the high-pressure water pump, stopping water injection when the pressure gauge shows that the pressure reaches 5-10Mpa, and closing the high-pressure water pump and the water injection valve;
(4) Starting a power supply of the high-voltage pulse generator to charge the pulse discharge reactor, starting discharging the pulse discharge reactor when the voltage reaches 30-350KV, generating a liquid-electricity effect between water and electricity in the freeze thawing drill hole, sending out shock waves, damaging a coal bed by the shock waves, forming a fracture network, and closing the high-voltage pulse generator after discharging for 40-60 times;
(5) Starting a nitrogen injection valve, starting a liquid nitrogen pump, injecting liquid nitrogen into the freeze thawing drill hole by the liquid nitrogen pump through a nitrogen injection pipe, enabling a coal bed with a fracture network to form a temperature gradient, enabling low-temperature liquid nitrogen to contact with water, enabling the liquid nitrogen to be quickly vaporized, and enabling the volume of the vaporized nitrogen to expand to impact the coal wall; the liquid nitrogen amount in the freezing and thawing drill hole can be up to the extent that water in the coal bed can be totally frozen into ice, a nitrogen injection valve is closed, liquid nitrogen injection is stopped, and the coal bed is increased in permeability;
(6) Repeating the steps (3) - (5) until a preset anti-reflection effect and a preset anti-reflection range are achieved;
(7) Removing the high-pressure water pump and the liquid nitrogen pump, opening a water injection valve, discharging high-pressure water in the freeze thawing drilling hole, and then closing the water injection valve;
(8) And removing the pulse discharge reactor and the high-pressure water injection pipe from the freeze thawing drill hole, installing a gas extraction pipe, and connecting the gas extraction pipe with an external gas extraction pipe network to perform gas extraction.
CN201810389045.0A 2018-04-27 2018-04-27 Device and method for enhancing permeability of coal seam through electric pulse and liquid nitrogen freeze thawing Active CN108397182B (en)

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