CN106337672A - Method for extracting coal bed gas from circulating pulse type low temperature freeze-thawed anti-reflection coal - Google Patents

Method for extracting coal bed gas from circulating pulse type low temperature freeze-thawed anti-reflection coal Download PDF

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CN106337672A
CN106337672A CN201610938189.8A CN201610938189A CN106337672A CN 106337672 A CN106337672 A CN 106337672A CN 201610938189 A CN201610938189 A CN 201610938189A CN 106337672 A CN106337672 A CN 106337672A
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coal
low temperature
coal bed
bed gas
reflection
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CN106337672B (en
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翟成
秦雷
徐吉钊
于国卿
孙勇
董若蔚
武尚俭
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006Production of coal-bed methane
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E21B43/168Injecting a gaseous medium
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting coal bed gas from circulating pulse type low temperature freeze-thawed anti-reflection coal. Firstly, a borehole and multiple rows of guiding slots are constructed in a coal bed, the guiding slots are communicated with the borehole and extend to two sides of the borehole in the direction perpendicular to the borehole in the coal bed, and coal bed gas extraction boreholes are formed at the outer ends of the guiding slots. A liquid low-temperature medium is injected into the borehole and the guiding slots in a high-pressure pulse mode, the coal bed is freeze-thawed by adopting a pulse circulating low temperature freeze-thawing method to fracture for increasing reflection, and a coal bed gas extraction fracture network is thus formed. Coal bed gas is extracted via the coal bed gas extraction boreholes. By combining freeze-thawing erosion with coal bed gas extraction and combining pulse circulating injection of the liquid low-temperature medium with freeze-thawing phase change fracture, the method significantly improves the anti-reflection efficiency of coal. The method is simple, feasible and low in construction cost, can effectively improve the single-pore extraction quantity and extraction concentration of coal bed gas and prolong the attenuation time of gas concentration, and is particularly suitable for coal bed gas extraction in low-osmosis and high-gas bearing coal beds.

Description

A kind of method of coal body extraction coal bed gas that cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing is anti-reflection
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of extraction coal bed gas, especially a kind of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing is anti-reflection, and coal body is taken out The method of mining coal seam gas.
Technical background
Coal bed gas as a kind of unconventional energy resource, in many countries as a kind of fungible energy source, Coalbed Methane In China total amount Greatly, suitable with natural gas resource total amount, with the increase of mining depth, the coal bed gas content in coal seam, pressure are also gradually increased, coal Layer permeability is gradually reduced, and the Gas Disaster such as coal bed gas blast, coal and gas prominent is also on the rise.Due to China's coal seam reservoirs Hypotonicity, overcomes the problem that coal bed gas extraction concentration is low, pumping volume is little to be always the most important thing administering Gas Disaster, at present Adopting fracturing, hydraulic slotted liner technique, standing etc. the single coal bed extraction coal bed gas traditional method of deep more.Above-mentioned coal bed gas is taken out Scope that mining method is anti-reflection little it is impossible to form the crack passage of coal bed gas extraction on a large scale, lead to that coal bed gas extraction rate is low, coal bed gas is controlled Reason effect is undesirable.
Freeze-thaw erosion is the volumetric expansion because the moisture in soil and its matrix hole or in rock fracture is when freezing, So that crack is increased therewith, increase the led to monoblock soil body or phenomenon that rock is chipping.The thawing repeatedly that freeze-thaw erosion causes With freeze, lead to the destruction of the soil body or rock mass, disturbance, deformation even mobile, cause the heavy damage of object configurations.Freeze thawing phenomenon It is a kind of common physico-geological function and phenomenon in nature, particularly occur in difference variation than in larger object configurations. The appearance repeatedly of freeze-thaw cycle, causes the heavy damage of object configurations.Fracturing freeze-thaw erosion phenomenon being applied to coal body is anti-reflection In, the damage Fracturing of freeze-thaw erosion can be given full play to.
At ambient pressure, liquid low temperature medium such as liquid nitrogen/carbon dioxide temperature, up to -196 DEG C/- 37 DEG C, gasifies pure for 21 DEG C Expansion rate during nitrogen/carbon dioxide is respectively 696 times/585 times, can produce huge air pressure, liquid low temperature in the confined space Medium gasification latent heat is respectively 5.56kj/mol and 5.34kj/mol, absorbable surrounding amount of heat during gasification.Liquid nitrogen/liquid two Carbonoxide has the advantages that preparation is simple, raw material sources are extensive, and in coal body freeze-thaw cycle, liquid low temperature medium can be used as one kind Efficient refrigeration and anti-reflection medium.
Pulsation pressure break is compared static pressure pressure break and is had higher efficiency, how to work in coordination with pulsation liquid low temperature medium pressure break and freeze thawing Damage is the key issue overcoming coal bed gas extraction efficiency low.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provides a kind of low temperature freeze thawing anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas Method.The inventive method is based on the anti-reflection coal body of water jet slot pulsating cyclic low temperature freeze thawing, increases coal seam fracturing scope and effect Rate, promotes the formation of Fracture Networks, is remarkably improved coal bed gas extraction amount.
A kind of method of coal body extraction coal bed gas that cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing is anti-reflection, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, in coal seam, using water jet slotting process construct in coal seam formation one boring and multiple rows of guiding slot, Often arrange in have two guiding slots, described in described guiding slot UNICOM boring and in coal seam along and boring vertical direction to boring two Side extends.Open up coal bed gas extraction borehole in guiding slot outer end.
Step 2, injection liquid low temperature medium of pulsing to boring and each guiding slot mesohigh, using pulsating cyclic low-temperature frozen Melting method, that coal seam is carried out with freeze thawing fracturing is anti-reflection, forms coal bed gas extraction Fracture Networks.
Step 3, pass through coal bed gas extraction borehole extraction coal bed gas.
It is anti-reflection that described pulsating cyclic low temperature freezing-thawing method carries out freeze thawing fracturing to coal seam, the steps include:
A, injection liquid low temperature medium of pulsing to boring and each guiding slot mesohigh, to the single liquid low temperature medium note setting The angle of incidence, stops the injection of liquid cryogenic media;With injection process, the moisture in coal seam is frozen into ice, produces frost heave fracturing Effect.
B, freeze coal body absorb formation temperature gradually melt, thus forming the circulating freezing resistance effect in coal seam.
After c, the coal seam freezed are dissolved, to boring and the slot mesohigh gas injection of each guiding, water flow and cold is promoted to pass Pass, turn on freeze thawing crack and expand freeze thawing scope.
D, according to set freezing-thawing cycles, circulate execution step a~step c.
Described liquid low temperature medium can be the inertia cryogenic media such as liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide.
Optimally, described single liquid low temperature medium injection length is 10min.
Described freezing-thawing cycles cycle-index is 5-10 time.
Described high-pressure gas injection, gas injection time is 10min.
Beneficial effect:
The inventive method, is combined freeze-thaw erosion phenomenon with coal bed gas extraction, and the inferior position innovatively freezing-thawing damage destroyed turns Turn to advantage, pulsating cyclic fluid injection state cryogenic media and freeze thawing phase transformation fracturing are combined, two methods of collaborative efficient utilization, significantly Improve the anti-reflection efficiency of coal body.
Pulsating cyclic injects liquid low temperature medium, can produce freeze thawing fracturing, gases at high pressure fracturing, three kinds of fracturing effects of low temperature fracturing Really.The boosting gas injection process of high pressure gas, can produce high pressure gas fracturing effect, and can increase the diffusion of cold and expand freeze thawing cause Split scope.Coal-bed gas single hole extraction amount and extraction concentration can be effectively improved after circulating freezing resistance, extend gas density decay Time.Because pulsation freeze thawing medium can penetrate in coal seam well, can effectively eliminate coal seam office after pulsation freeze thawing is anti-reflection Portion's high stress concentration zone, promotes the migration of local accumulation gas, in release coal seam, the coal and gas prominent potential of accumulation, has very Good elimination coal and gas prominent effect.Additionally, liquid low temperature medium not only has efficient gasification expansion efficiency, gasification is simultaneously Also absorb coal seam amount of heat, to coal body fire extinguishing, there is positive effect.It is low ventilative that the inventive method efficiently solves high methane Coal seam permeability improves the key issue inconspicuous, fracturing scope is little, has wide applicability.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas method schematic diagram based on water jet slot.
Fig. 2 is the gasifier structural representation in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is Pneumatic booster pump schematic diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a-a section pipeline and boring arrangement schematic diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is that a layer uphole pulsed circulation fluid injection state cryogenic media orientation freeze thawing anti-reflection coal body extraction coal seam is worn in low level lane Gas method schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that a layer downhole pulsed circulation fluid injection state cryogenic media orientation freeze thawing anti-reflection coal body extraction coal seam is worn in high-order lane Gas method schematic diagram.
In figure: 1- liquid low temperature medium tank car, 1-1- liquid low temperature medium tank car total valve, 1-2- liquid low temperature is situated between Matter tank car sub-valve, 2 gasifiers, 2-1 gasifier entrance, 2-2 liquid low temperature medium vapor lamp, 2-3 star fin, 2-4 gasifier exit, 3 Pneumatic booster pumps, 3-1 drives source of the gas, 3-2 by pressurization air source, 3-3 boost pressure ga(u)ge, 3-4 pressurization gas export, 4 high pressure current stabilization air storage chambers, 5 ripple regulator, 6 pulsation injecting liquid state pumps for cryogenic media, 6- 1- Injection valve, 7 high-pressure air pipes, 7-1 High-pressure air valve, 8- water jet slot equipment, 9- is responsible for, 9-1- floral tube, 9- 2- holes, 10- sealing of hole sections, and 11- guides slot, 12- coal seam, 13- coal bed gas extraction borehole, 14- pulsating cyclic low temperature Freeze thawing equipment group, 15-1- low level lane, 15-2- high position lane.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the invention is further described.
Embodiment one, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, in coal seam 12, using water jet slot equipment 8 in coal seam Middle construction forms boring 9-2 and multiple rows of guiding slot 11.Often there are two guiding slots 11, guiding slot one end and brill in row's gathering sill Hole UNICOM.Two guiding slots extend to the boring left and right sides in coal seam along with boring vertical direction respectively.In guiding slot Outer end opens up coal bed gas extraction borehole 13.Boring 9-2 each side open up a coal bed gas extraction borehole 13.
Then arrange supervisor 9 in boring 9-2, using conventional method high pressure sealing of hole, injection hole sealing section 10 length is 5-20 m. Then using pulsating cyclic freeze thawing equipment group 14, freeze thawing fracturing is carried out to coal seam 12 anti-reflection.Concrete frozen-thaw process is:
Open liquid low temperature medium tank car total valve 1-1, the liquid low temperature medium of liquid low temperature medium tank car 1 output is through gasification Device 2 is converted into gas.As shown in Fig. 2 gasifier 2 is star fin 2-3 structure.Increase liquid low temperature medium gasification rate and Vapor pressure, gas enters liquid low temperature medium vapor lamp 2-2 by gasifier entrance 2-1, passes through gasifier exit after gasification 2-4 is connected to Pneumatic booster pump 3.Pneumatic booster pump 3 is pressurized using the nitrogen/carbon dioxide of gasification, and a road gas is to drive Take offence source 3-1, and a road gas is by pressurization air source 3-2, observes pressure size by boost pressure ga(u)ge 3-3, after gasification, gas leads to High pressure current stabilization air storage chamber 4 is entered after crossing Pneumatic booster pump 3 supercharging.High pressure current stabilization air storage chamber 4 and ripple regulator 5 associated working are defeated Go out regulatable pulsation gases at high pressure.Open ripple regulator 5, liquid low temperature medium tank car divides valve 1-2 and pulsation injecting liquid state low Warm medium pump 6, carries out high-pressure pulsating fluid injection state cryogenic media fracturing, the liquid low temperature medium of pulsation by being responsible for 9 to coal seam 12 Along guiding slot 11 seepage flow in coal seam, in coal seam, the gases at high pressure of liquid low temperature medium gasification form high pressure gas fracturing, freeze In knot coal seam, moisture phase change expansion is ice, forms frost heave fracturing.Stop injection liquid low temperature medium after 10min, freeze coal body and inhale Receive formation temperature gradually to melt, thus forming the circulating freezing resistance effect in coal seam.Melt after terminating, before next freeze-thaw cycle, Open High-pressure air valve 7 and carry out noting high pressure gas 10min to being responsible for 9 gas injections, promote water flow and cold transmission, turn on freeze thawing crack With expansion freeze thawing scope.According to the number of freezing and thawing (such as 5 times, or 10 inferior) setting, repeat pulsation injecting liquid state cryogenic media freeze thawing With high pressure gas actuation step, crack is dredged, promote cryogenic energy transmission, reach the effect of circulating freezing resistance, coal seam is anti- Reach the limiting range of stress during multiple fatigue loading, form good coal bed gas extraction Fracture Networks.
In the anti-reflection region of fracturing, in the range of distance supervisor 9 about 20-35 m both sides, arrangement coal bed gas extraction borehole 13 is carried out watt This extraction.Changed according to gas pumping effect during extraction, control the number of times of circulation fluid injection nitrogen, in pulsation liquid low temperature medium Under the influence of fracturing, gases at high pressure fracturing, frost heave fracturing and the multiple fracturing of low temperature fracturing, promote the effective communication of Fracture Networks, real The efficient extraction of existing coal bed gas and utilization.
Embodiment two,
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, it is that low level lane 15-1 wears layer up boring pulsating cyclic perfusion liquid cryogenic media freeze thawing is anti-reflection takes out Mining pressure relief mash gas, essentially identical with embodiment one.Different piece predominantly from low level lane 15-1 wear layer to superjacent 12 freeze Melt anti-reflection region and implement circulation note pulsation liquid low temperature medium, supervisor's 9 depth should penetrate rock stratum in coal seam 12, thick according to coal seam Degree supervisor 9 should squeeze into coal seam 10m ~ 100m.Remainder is all identical with embodiment one, and same section is slightly.
Embodiment three,
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 6, wear the layer descending boring anti-reflection extraction of circumfusion liquid low temperature medium freeze thawing for high-order lane 15-2 and unload Pressure gas, essentially identical with embodiment one.Different piece is predominantly worn layer from high-order lane 15-2 and is increased to freeze thawing underlying seam 12 Circulation fluid injection state cryogenic media is implemented in region thoroughly, and supervisor's 9 depth should penetrate rock stratum in coal seam 12, be responsible for 9 according to coal seam thickness Coal seam 10m ~ 100m should be squeezed into.Remainder is all identical with embodiment one, and same section is slightly.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing, the steps include:
Step 1, in coal seam, using water jet slotting process construct in coal seam formation one boring and multiple rows of guiding slot, Often arrange in have two guiding slots, described in described guiding slot UNICOM boring and in coal seam along and boring vertical direction to boring two Side extends;Open up coal bed gas extraction borehole in guiding slot outer end;
Step 2, injection liquid low temperature medium of pulsing to boring and each guiding slot mesohigh, using pulsating cyclic low temperature freeze thawing side It is anti-reflection that method carries out freeze thawing fracturing to coal seam, forms coal bed gas extraction Fracture Networks;
Step 3, pass through coal bed gas extraction borehole extraction coal bed gas.
2. the method for the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of a kind of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 1, its feature It is: it is anti-reflection that described pulsating cyclic low temperature freezing-thawing method carries out freeze thawing fracturing to coal seam, the steps include:
A, injection liquid low temperature medium of pulsing to boring and each guiding slot mesohigh, to the single liquid low temperature medium note setting The angle of incidence, stops the injection of liquid cryogenic media;With injection process, the moisture in coal seam is frozen into ice, produces frost heave fracturing Effect;
B, freeze coal body absorb formation temperature gradually melt, thus forming the circulating freezing resistance effect in coal seam;
After c, the coal seam freezed are dissolved, to boring and the slot mesohigh gas injection of each guiding, promote water flow and cold transmission, lead Logical freeze thawing crack and expansion freeze thawing scope;
D, according to set freezing-thawing cycles, circulate execution step a~step c.
3. the method for the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of a kind of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is special Levying is: described liquid low temperature medium is liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide.
4. the method for the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of a kind of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 2, its feature It is:, described single liquid low temperature medium injection length is 10min.
5. the method for the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of a kind of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 2, its feature It is: described freezing-thawing cycles cycle-index is 5-10 time.
6. the method for the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of a kind of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 2, its feature It is: described high-pressure gas injection, gas injection time is 10min.
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CN106869891A (en) * 2017-03-09 2017-06-20 杨世梁 A kind of coal bed methane exploring method and device of ice-cleat pressure regulation
CN107476794A (en) * 2017-09-28 2017-12-15 徐州工程学院 Method for increasing coal gas permeability by injecting high-temperature nitrogen after liquid nitrogen gasification circulation
CN107605495A (en) * 2017-11-06 2018-01-19 贵州大学 A kind of structure and administering method for administering three-soft seam
CN108194125A (en) * 2017-12-18 2018-06-22 中国矿业大学 A kind of coal seam cooperates with anti-reflection method step by step
CN108397182A (en) * 2018-04-27 2018-08-14 河南理工大学 Electric pulse cooperates with the device and method in the anti-reflection coal seam of frozen-thawed
CN108756836A (en) * 2018-05-29 2018-11-06 西安科技大学 A kind of underground coal mine fluid injection nitrogen permeability-increasing gas pumping system
CN108915659A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-30 长江大学 A kind of low frequency waterpower pulse fracturing tool
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CN106869891A (en) * 2017-03-09 2017-06-20 杨世梁 A kind of coal bed methane exploring method and device of ice-cleat pressure regulation
CN106869891B (en) * 2017-03-09 2019-03-15 杨世梁 A kind of coal bed methane exploring method and device of ice-cleat pressure regulation
CN107476794A (en) * 2017-09-28 2017-12-15 徐州工程学院 Method for increasing coal gas permeability by injecting high-temperature nitrogen after liquid nitrogen gasification circulation
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