CN106337672B - A kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing - Google Patents

A kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing Download PDF

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CN106337672B
CN106337672B CN201610938189.8A CN201610938189A CN106337672B CN 106337672 B CN106337672 B CN 106337672B CN 201610938189 A CN201610938189 A CN 201610938189A CN 106337672 B CN106337672 B CN 106337672B
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coal
low temperature
bed gas
extraction
freeze thawing
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CN106337672A (en
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翟成
秦雷
徐吉钊
于国卿
孙勇
董若蔚
武尚俭
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/006Production of coal-bed methane
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E21B43/168Injecting a gaseous medium
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods of anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing.Construction forms a drilling and multiple rows of guiding slot first in coal seam, is oriented to drilling described in slot connection and extends along with drilling vertical direction to drilling two sides in coal seam, opens up coal bed gas extraction borehole in guiding slot outer end.It is anti-reflection to coal seam progress freeze thawing fracturing using pulsating cyclic low temperature freezing-thawing method to drilling and each guiding slot mesohigh pulsation injection liquid low temperature medium, form coal bed gas extraction Fracture Networks.Pass through coal bed gas extraction borehole extraction coal bed gas.The method of the present invention combines pulsating cyclic fluid injection state cryogenic media and freeze thawing phase transformation fracturing, significantly improves the anti-reflection efficiency of coal body freeze-thaw erosion phenomenon in conjunction with coal bed gas extraction.Method is simple, and construction cost is low, can effectively improve coal-bed gas single hole extraction amount and extraction concentration, extends gas density die-away time.It is particularly suitable for low-permeability, coal bed gas extraction in high methane preservation coal seam.

Description

A kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of extraction coal bed gas, especially a kind of anti-reflection coal body of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing is taken out The method of mining coal seam gas.
Technical background
Coal bed gas is used as a kind of fungible energy source, Coalbed Methane In China total amount as a kind of unconventional energy resource, in many countries Greatly, suitable with natural gas resource total amount, with the increase of mining depth, coal bed gas content, pressure in coal seam are also gradually increased, coal Layer permeability is gradually reduced, and the Gas Disasters such as coal bed gas explosion, coal and gas prominent are also on the rise.Due to China's coal seam reservoirs Low-permeability overcomes the problems, such as that coal bed gas extraction concentration is low, small pumping volume is always the most important thing for administering Gas Disaster, at present Deep single coal bed extraction coal bed gas conventional method mostly uses hydraulic fracturing, hydraulic slotted liner technique, standing etc..Above-mentioned coal bed gas is taken out Mining method is anti-reflection, and range is small, can not form a wide range of coal bed gas extraction crack passage, cause coal bed gas extraction rate low, coal bed gas is controlled It is undesirable to manage effect.
Freeze-thaw erosion is the volume expansion since the moisture in soil and its matrix hole or in rock fracture is when freezing, Increase crack therewith, increase caused by the monolith soil body or the chipping phenomenon of rock.Melt repeatedly caused by freeze-thaw erosion With freeze, cause the destruction of the soil body or rock mass, disturbance, deformation even mobile, cause the serious destruction of object configurations.Freeze thawing phenomenon It is a kind of common physico-geological function and phenomenon in nature, particularly occurs in the bigger object configurations of difference variation. The appearance repeatedly of Frozen-thawed cycled causes the serious destruction of object configurations.The fracturing that freeze-thaw erosion phenomenon is applied to coal body is anti-reflection In, the damage Fracturing of freeze-thaw erosion can be given full play to.
Under normal pressure, such as reachable -196 DEG C/- 37 DEG C of liquid nitrogen/carbon dioxide temperature of liquid low temperature medium, gasify pure for 21 DEG C Expansion rate when nitrogen/carbon dioxide is respectively 696 times/585 times, can produce huge air pressure, liquid low temperature in a limited space Medium gasification latent heat is respectively 5.56kJ/mol and 5.34kJ/mol, when gasification absorbable surrounding amount of heat.Liquid nitrogen/liquid two Carbonoxide has many advantages, such as that preparation is simple, raw material sources are extensive, and liquid low temperature medium can be used as one kind in coal body Frozen-thawed cycled Efficient refrigeration and anti-reflection medium.
Pulsation pressure break has higher efficiency compared to static pressure pressure break, how to cooperate with pulsation liquid low temperature medium pressure break and freeze thawing Damage is to overcome the critical issue of coal bed gas extraction low efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming deficiency in the prior art, a kind of anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of low temperature freeze thawing is provided Method.The method of the present invention is based on the anti-reflection coal body of water jet slot pulsating cyclic low temperature freeze thawing, increases coal seam fracturing range and effect Rate promotes the formation of Fracture Networks, is remarkably improved coal bed gas extraction amount.
A kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing, includes the following steps:
Step 1, in coal seam, constructed in coal seam using water jet slotting process formation one drilling and multiple rows of guide slit Slot, there is two guiding slots in every row, drilling described in the guiding slot connection and in coal seam along with drilling vertical direction to brill Hole two sides extend.Coal bed gas extraction borehole is opened up in guiding slot outer end.
Step 2 injects liquid low temperature medium to drilling and each guiding slot mesohigh pulsation, using pulsating cyclic low-temperature frozen It is anti-reflection to coal seam progress freeze thawing fracturing to melt method, forms coal bed gas extraction Fracture Networks.
Step 3 passes through coal bed gas extraction borehole extraction coal bed gas.
The pulsating cyclic low temperature freezing-thawing method is anti-reflection to coal seam progress freeze thawing fracturing, and step is:
A, to drilling and each guiding slot mesohigh pulsation injection liquid low temperature medium, until the single liquid low temperature of setting is situated between Matter injection length stops the injection of liquid cryogenic media;With injection process, the moisture in coal seam is frozen into ice, generates frost heave Fracturing effect.
B, freeze coal body absorption formation temperature gradually to melt, to form the circulating freezing resistance effect in coal seam.
C, after the coal seam freezed is dissolved, to drilling and each guiding slot mesohigh gas injection, water flow and cooling capacity is promoted to pass It passs, conducting freeze thawing crack and expansion freeze thawing range.
D, according to the freezing-thawing cycles of setting, circulation executes step a~step c.
The liquid low temperature medium can be the inertia cryogenic media such as liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide.
Optimally, the single liquid low temperature medium injection length is 10min.
The freezing-thawing cycles cycle-index is 5-10 times.
The high-pressure gas injection, gas injection time 10min.
Beneficial effect:
The method of the present invention is innovatively destroyed freezing-thawing damage bad freeze-thaw erosion phenomenon in conjunction with coal bed gas extraction Gesture is converted into advantage, and pulsating cyclic fluid injection state cryogenic media and freeze thawing phase transformation fracturing are combined, and collaboration efficiently utilizes two methods, Significantly improve the anti-reflection efficiency of coal body.
Pulsating cyclic injects liquid low temperature medium, can produce three kinds of freeze thawing fracturing, high pressure gas fracturing, low temperature fracturing fracturings Effect.The boosting gas injection process of high pressure gas can produce high pressure gas fracturing effect, and can increase the diffusion of cooling capacity and expand freeze thawing Fracturing range.By the way that coal-bed gas single hole extraction amount and extraction concentration can be effectively improved after circulating freezing resistance, extends gas density and decline Subtract the time.Since pulsation freeze thawing medium can penetrate into coal seam well, coal seam can be effectively eliminated after pulsation freeze thawing is anti-reflection Local high stress concentration zone promotes the migration of local accumulation gas, discharges the coal and gas prominent potential gathered in coal seam, has Coal and gas prominent effect is eliminated well.In addition, liquid low temperature medium not only has efficient gasification expansion efficiency, gasification is same When also absorb coal seam amount of heat, to coal body fire extinguishing have positive effect.It is low that the method for the present invention efficiently solves high methane Gas coal seam permeability improves critical issue unobvious, that fracturing range is small, has wide applicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas method schematic diagram of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing based on water jet slot.
Fig. 2 is the gasifier structural schematic diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is Pneumatic booster pump schematic diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is A-A section pipeline and drilling arrangement schematic diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is that a layer uphole pulsed circulation fluid injection state cryogenic media orientation freeze thawing anti-reflection coal body extraction coal seam is worn in low level lane Gas method schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that a layer downhole pulsed circulation fluid injection state cryogenic media orientation freeze thawing anti-reflection coal body extraction coal seam is worn in high-order lane Gas method schematic diagram.
In figure:1- liquid low temperature medium tank car, 1-1- liquid low temperature medium tank car total valve, 1-2- liquid low temperature are situated between Matter tank car sub-valve, 2-gasifiers, 2-1-gasifier entrance, 2-2-liquid low temperature medium vapor lamp, 2-3-star fin, 2-4-gasifier exit, 3-Pneumatic booster pumps, 3-1-driving gas source, 3-2-are by pressurization air source, 3-3-boost pressure ga(u)ge, 3-4-pressurization gas outlet, 4-high pressure current stabilization air storage chambers, 5-ripple regulators, 6-pulsation injecting liquid state pumps for cryogenic media, 6- 1- Injection valve, 7-high-pressure air pipes, 7-1-High-pressure air valve, 8- water jet slot equipment, 9- supervisor, 9-1- floral tube, 9- 2- drilling, 10- sealing section, 11- are oriented to slot, the coal seam 12-, 13- coal bed gas extraction borehole, 14- pulsating cyclic low temperature Freeze thawing equipment group, 15-1- low level lane, 15-2- high position lane.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, in coal seam 12, using water jet slot equipment 8 in coal seam Middle construction forms drilling 9-2 and multiple rows of guiding slot 11.There are two guiding slots 11, guiding slot one end and brill in every row's guide groove Hole connection.Two guiding slots respectively along with drilling vertical direction in coal seam to extending at left and right sides of drilling.In guiding slot Outer end opens up coal bed gas extraction borehole 13.A coal bed gas extraction borehole 13 is each side opened up in drilling 9-2.
Then arrangement supervisor 9 in drilling 9-2, using conventional method high pressure sealing of hole, 10 length of injection hole sealing section is 5-20 m. Then it is anti-reflection freeze thawing fracturing to be carried out to coal seam 12 using pulsating cyclic freeze thawing equipment group 14.Specifically frozen-thaw process is:
Liquid low temperature medium tank car total valve 1-1 is opened, the liquid low temperature medium that liquid low temperature medium tank car 1 exports passes through Gasifier 2 is converted into gas.As shown in Fig. 2, gasifier 2 is star fin 2-3 structure.Increase the gasification speed of liquid low temperature medium Rate and vapor pressure, gas enter liquid low temperature medium vapor lamp 2-2 by gasifier entrance 2-1, pass through gasifier after gasification Outlet 2-4 is connected to Pneumatic booster pump 3.Pneumatic booster pump 3 is pressurized using nitrogen/carbon dioxide of gasification, all the way gas To drive gas source 3-1, gas is to observe pressure size, gas after gasification by boost pressure ga(u)ge 3-3 by pressurization air source 3-2 all the way Body enters high pressure current stabilization air storage chamber 4 after being pressurized by Pneumatic booster pump 3.High pressure current stabilization air storage chamber 4 and ripple regulator 5 combine work Make to export regulatable pulsation high pressure gas.Open ripple regulator 5, liquid low temperature medium tank car divides valve 1-2 and pulsation injecting liquid State pumps for cryogenic media 6 carries out high-pressure pulsating fluid injection state cryogenic media fracturing, the liquid low temperature of pulsation by 9 pairs of coal seams 12 of supervisor Along guiding 11 seepage flow of slot into coal seam, the high pressure gas that liquid low temperature medium gasifies in coal seam forms high pressure gas and causes medium It splits, freezing moisture phase change expansion in coal seam is ice, forms frost heave fracturing.Stop injection liquid low temperature medium after 10min, freezes coal Body absorbs formation temperature and gradually melts, to form the circulating freezing resistance effect in coal seam.After thawing, in next Frozen-thawed cycled Before, High-pressure air valve 7 is opened to 9 gas injections of supervisor and carries out note high pressure gas 10min, promotes water flow and cooling capacity transmitting, freeze thawing is connected Crack and expansion freeze thawing range.According to the number of freezing and thawing of setting(Such as 5 times or 10 inferior), repeat pulsation injecting liquid state cryogenic media Freeze thawing and high pressure gas actuation step, dredge crack, promote cryogenic energy transmitting, achieve the effect that circulating freezing resistance, coal seam Reach the limiting range of stress during fatigue loading repeatedly, forms good coal bed gas extraction Fracture Networks.
The arrangement progress watt of coal bed gas extraction borehole 13 within the scope of the anti-reflection region of fracturing, 9 two sides about 20-35 m of distance supervisor This extraction.Changed during extraction according to gas pumping effect, the number of control loop fluid injection nitrogen, in pulsation liquid low temperature medium Under the influence of fracturing, high pressure gas fracturing, frost heave fracturing and the multiple fracturing of low temperature fracturing, promote the effective communication of Fracture Networks, it is real The efficient extraction and utilization of existing coal bed gas.
Embodiment two,
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, a layer uplink drilling pulsating cyclic being worn for low level lane 15-1, liquid cryogenic media freeze thawing increasing is perfused Saturating pumping and mining pressure relief mash gas, is basically the same as the first embodiment.Different piece predominantly wears layer to superjacent 12 from low level lane 15-1 Circulation note pulsation liquid low temperature medium is implemented in the middle anti-reflection region of freeze thawing, and 9 depth of supervisor should penetrate rock stratum into coal seam 12, according to coal Thickness degree supervisor 9 should squeeze into coal seam 10m ~ 100m.Rest part and embodiment one are all identical, and same section omits.
Embodiment three,
As shown in figs. 4 and 6, layer downlink drilling anti-reflection pumping of circumfusion liquid low temperature medium freeze thawing is worn for high position lane 15-2 Mining pressure relief mash gas is basically the same as the first embodiment.Different piece is predominantly worn layer from high-order lane 15-2 and is frozen in coal seam 12 to the lower part Melt anti-reflection region and implement circulation fluid injection state cryogenic media, 9 depth of supervisor should penetrate rock stratum into coal seam 12, according to coal seam thickness master Pipe 9 should squeeze into coal seam 10m ~ 100m.Rest part and embodiment one are all identical, and same section omits.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing, step are:
Step 1, in coal seam, constructed in coal seam using water jet slotting process formation one drilling and multiple rows of guiding slot, Have two guiding slots in every row, drilling described in the guiding slot connection and in coal seam along with drilling vertical direction to drilling two Side extends;Coal bed gas extraction borehole is opened up in guiding slot outer end;
Step 2 injects liquid low temperature medium to drilling and each guiding slot mesohigh pulsation, using pulsating cyclic low temperature freeze thawing side Method is anti-reflection to coal seam progress freeze thawing fracturing, forms coal bed gas extraction Fracture Networks;
The pulsating cyclic low temperature freezing-thawing method is anti-reflection to coal seam progress freeze thawing fracturing, and step is:
A, to drilling and each guiding slot mesohigh pulsation injection liquid low temperature medium, until the single liquid low temperature medium note of setting The angle of incidence stops the injection of liquid cryogenic media;With injection process, the moisture in coal seam is frozen into ice, generates frost heave fracturing Effect;
B, freeze coal body absorption formation temperature gradually to melt, to form the circulating freezing resistance effect in coal seam;
C, after the coal seam freezed is dissolved, to drilling and each guiding slot mesohigh gas injection, promote water flow and cooling capacity transmitting, lead Logical freeze thawing crack and expansion freeze thawing range;
D, according to the freezing-thawing cycles of setting, circulation executes step a~step c;
Step 3 passes through coal bed gas extraction borehole extraction coal bed gas.
2. a kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 1, feature It is:The liquid low temperature medium is liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide.
3. a kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 1, feature It is:The single liquid low temperature medium injection length is 10min.
4. a kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 1, feature It is:The freezing-thawing cycles are 5-10 times.
5. a kind of method of the anti-reflection coal body extraction coal bed gas of cycle pulse formula low temperature freeze thawing according to claim 1, feature It is:The high-pressure gas injection, gas injection time 10min.
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