CN108394155A - 一种节能阳光膜材料 - Google Patents

一种节能阳光膜材料 Download PDF

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CN108394155A
CN108394155A CN201810194534.0A CN201810194534A CN108394155A CN 108394155 A CN108394155 A CN 108394155A CN 201810194534 A CN201810194534 A CN 201810194534A CN 108394155 A CN108394155 A CN 108394155A
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王栋
赵青华
毛秦岑
梅涛
牛应买
李沐芳
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种建筑材料,特别是一种节能阳光膜材料。其特征在于它由三部分组成:光热转化层、织物增强导热层、储能保温层所组成;本发明具有以下优点:1、纤维中添加少量的氮化硼超细粉体可以在一定程度上对涤纶纤维起到增强作用;2、含有氮化硼超细粉体的涤纶纤维具有优良的导热性能,能将光热转化层的热量迅速转移到储能保温层。

Description

一种节能阳光膜材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑材料,特别是一种节能阳光膜材料。
背景技术
膜结构是近几十年发展起来的一种新型的大跨度空间结构,它由具有优良性能的织物(膜材)通过支撑构件(如刚性梁、柱、柔性索),或给膜内空气加压以一定的方式组合并施加适当的初始预张力而形成具有一定刚度的空间结构形状,从而承受一定外荷载的一种空间结构形式。它的历史可以追溯到远古时期的人们利用树木的纤维和兽皮建造的帐篷。
中国专利申请号200620043712.2,授权日为2007年11月7日,发明创造名称为一种阳光膜,该申请公开了一种由一层薄膜状的基础支撑层构成,基础支撑成的下侧面复合有一个第一表面层,基础支撑层上侧面有一个第二表面层,第二表面层的外表面上设置一个结合层的阳光膜。其中基础支撑层由聚酯切大有光切片构成,结合层是电晕处理层或化学预处理层。该发明设计的阳光膜光泽度高、雾度低、适合于作为隔热膜、窗膜保护膜、反光膜等的基材薄膜使用。该发明创造由于其支撑层的强度弱,具有力学强度差的缺点。
中国专利申请号201310029492.2,专利公开日为2013年6月26日,发明创造名称为一种储能变色建筑膜材料的制备方法。该申请公开了一种储能变色而建筑膜材的制备方法,包括将PVC粉体、增塑剂混合均匀而制成PVC预浸胶,然后预烘干制备半成品,将PVC粉末、增塑剂、碳酸钙、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、储能微胶囊和变色颜料共混组成的PVC高分子涂层胶涂覆在半制品表面,然后预烘干,最后烘焙而制成吃醋能变色建筑膜材料。该制备方法能够使储能微胶囊和变色颜料在高分子中均匀分散,并且使制备的储能变色建筑膜材料材质均匀,变色均匀,同时涂层膜与基布之间粘结牢度高。该建筑膜材料的制备方法采用相变储能微胶囊、变色颜料添加到PVC高分子涂层中,该PVC建筑膜材具有一定的储能效果,但不具备自发热功能。
中国专利申请号201710461251.3,专利公开日为2017年9月22日,发明创造名称为一种PVC建筑膜材。该申请公开了一种PVC建筑膜材料,由以下原料制成:PVC树脂20~80份,聚氯乙烯22~35份、二硫代氨基甲酸酯11~18份、聚异氰酸酯5~10份、己内酰胺33~45份、2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮1~5份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯-一氧化碳共聚物10~15份、增塑剂1~3份、三氧化二锑1~15份、阻燃剂4~9份、氯丁橡胶1~4份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯8~12份、二氢吡啶3~6份、抗氧剂1~4份、粘合剂1~4份、乙醇22~45份、水12~34份。该发明提供的PVC建筑膜材具有抗氧性能好、具有优良的阻燃、防火性能,且使用寿命长的有点。然而该PVC膜材料在建筑膜材料的关键指标机械性能的强度没有明确的说明。
所以,有必要研制一种机械性能优良、具有降外界的热量吸收,储存到膜内层的阳光膜材料。该阳光膜既可以提供良好的机械性能,又具有调温储能的效果,在农业、工业制造领域具有广泛的用途。
发明内容
针对上述存在的问题,本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足,提供一种新型节能阳光膜材料。为实现上述目的,本发明的技术解决方案是:一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于:它由光热转化层、织物增强、导热层、储能保温层所组成;
所述的光热转化层为光热转化材料与聚氯乙烯高分子混合物,所述的织物增强层为添加了导热材料的涤纶机织物、芳纶机织物、碳纤维机织物、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维机织物中的一种,所述的储能保温层为聚氯乙烯与相变材料按照以下重量份数比例进行复合,按照聚氯乙烯质量的百分数计,
所述的相变材料为正十八烷、硬脂酸、PEG6000中的一种或多种混合物。
所述的光热转换材料为碳化锆粉体、碳化钛粉体、碳化铪粉体、远红外陶瓷粉体、碳纳米管粉体、石墨烯粉体中的一种或多种混合物。
所述的光热转化材料与聚氯乙烯的质量比如下:按照聚氯乙烯质量的百分数计,
所述的导热材料为氧化铝、氮化硼、石墨烯中的一种或多种混合物。由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明的节能阳光膜采用了三层结构,即光热转化层、导热织物增强层、储能保温层,正是由于本发明的特殊设计,膜材料的各层之间可以发挥各自的功能。本发明的阳光膜的增强织物采用的是含有氮化硼、氧化铝、石墨烯的一种的涤纶、芳纶、碳纤维平纹织物,该织物的选用具有以下优点:1、纤维中添加少量的氮化硼超细粉体可以在一定程度上对涤纶纤维起到增强作用;2、含有氮化硼超细粉体的涤纶纤维具有优良的导热性能,能将光热转化层的热量迅速转移到储能保温层。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于,所述的建筑膜材料由三部分组成:光热转化层、织物导热增强层、储能保温层所组成;
光热转化层有以下原料组成,其他组分均已聚氯乙烯的质量计算,
所述的光热转换材料为碳化锆粉体
所述的节能阳光膜的织物增强层为添加了一定质量的氮化硼的涤纶机织物;
所述的节能阳光膜的储能保温层为聚氯乙烯与相变材料按照以下比例进行复合,
所述的相变材料为正十八烷。
实施例2
一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于,所述的建筑膜材料由三部分组成:光热转化层、织物导热增强层、储能保温层所组成;
光热转化层有以下原料组成,其他组分均已聚氯乙烯的质量计算,
所述的光热转换材料为碳化钛粉体;
所述的节能阳光膜的织物增强层为添加了一定质量的氧化铝材料的芳纶机织物;
所述的节能阳光膜的储能保温层为聚氯乙烯与相变材料按照以下比例进行复合,
所述的相变材料为硬脂酸。
实施例3
一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于,所述的建筑膜材料由三部分组成:光热转化层、织物导热增强层、储能保温层所组成;
光热转化层有以下原料组成,其他组分均已聚氯乙烯的质量计算,
所述的光热转换材料为碳化铪粉体;
所述的节能阳光膜的织物增强层为添加了一定质量的石墨烯材料的碳纤维织物;
所述的节能阳光膜的储能保温层为聚氯乙烯与相变材料按照以下比例进行复合,
所述的相变材料为PEG6000。
实施例4
一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于,所述的建筑膜材料由三部分组成:光热转化层、织物导热增强层、储能保温层所组成;
光热转化层有以下原料组成,其他组分均已聚氯乙烯的质量计算,
所述的光热转换材料为远红外陶瓷粉体;
所述的节能阳光膜的织物增强层为添加了一定质量的氮化硼材料的超高分子量聚乙烯织物;
所述的节能阳光膜的储能保温层为聚氯乙烯与相变材料按照以下比例进行复合,
所述的相变材料为正十八烷。
实施例5
一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于,所述的建筑膜材料由三部分组成:光热转化层、织物导热增强层、储能保温层所组成;
光热转化层有以下原料组成,其他组分均已聚氯乙烯的质量计算,
所述的光热转换材料为碳纳米管、石墨烯的混合;
所述的节能阳光膜的织物增强层为添加了一定质量的氮化硼材料的涤纶织物;
所述的节能阳光膜的储能保温层为聚氯乙烯与相变材料按照以下比例进行复合,
所述的相变材料为正十八烷。

Claims (4)

1.一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于:所述的建筑膜材料由三部分组成:光热转化层、织物增强导热层、储能保温层所组成;
所述的光热转化层为光热转化材料与聚氯乙烯高分子混合物,所述的织物增强导热层为添加了导热材料的涤纶机织物、芳纶机织物、碳纤维机织物、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维机织物中的一种,所述的储能保温层为聚氯乙烯与相变材料按照以下比例进行复合,按照聚氯乙烯质量的百分数计,
所述的相变材料为正十八烷、硬脂酸、PEG6000中的一种或多种混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于:所述的光热转换材料为碳化锆粉体、碳化钛粉体、碳化铪粉体、远红外陶瓷粉体、碳纳米管粉体、石墨烯粉体中的一种或多种混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于:所述的光热转化材料与聚氯乙烯的质量比如下:按照聚氯乙烯质量的百分数计,
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种节能建筑膜材料,其特征在于:所述的导热材料为氧化铝、氮化硼、石墨烯中的一种或多种混合物。
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