CN108384048A - 一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108384048A
CN108384048A CN201810133224.8A CN201810133224A CN108384048A CN 108384048 A CN108384048 A CN 108384048A CN 201810133224 A CN201810133224 A CN 201810133224A CN 108384048 A CN108384048 A CN 108384048A
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谷红波
吕上韵
张洪源
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法。本发明结合水相分散法与冷冻干燥法，并以十二烷基硫酸钠作为发泡剂制备出用于处理水环境油污染的轻型高效吸油材料‑纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶，以达到处理含油废水，保护环境，节约水资源的目的。采用1‑6 g/L十二烷基硫酸钠作为发泡剂，与2‑7 g/L纳米纤维素和100‑500 mL蒸馏水混合，以10000‑60000 r/min的转速高速搅拌5‑10 min后，经液氮冷冻1‑5 min后，转入冷冻干燥机处理12‑32 h，得到用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶。

Description

一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备 方法
技术领域
本发明属于环境保护技术领域，具体涉及一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，人类活动日益频繁，工业快速发展。伴随着石油的大量开采、运输和使用而产生的油田泄漏、油船泄漏、输油管道破裂等一系列事故及含油废水的排放对海洋生态环境和淡水生态环境造成了极大的破坏，带来了不可估量的生态灾难和经济损失，例如美国墨西哥湾和我国渤海湾漏油事件。因此，开发低成本、高吸油量的吸油材料，使之能快速高效处理水面油污，具有十分重要的意义。
目前，吸油材料主要分为制备简单、成本低、吸油倍率高的无机吸油材料和油品适用性好、吸附速率快、吸油率高、循环能力强的有机吸油材料。据文献报道，20世纪初，成功制备了以纤维素衍生物为原料的纤维素气凝胶。在继承传统气凝胶低密度、低热导率、高比表面积、高孔隙率等诸多优点的同时，融入了纤维素具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性以及无毒无害等的天然优势。纤维素气凝胶经过一定的修饰改造可以成为理想的吸油材料。
发明内容
本发明要解决无机类吸油材料吸油率低，有机类吸油材料难以生物降解技术问题，并降低吸油材料的制备成本，提供一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
（1）采用水相分散法，将1-6 g/L发泡剂十二烷基硫酸钠与2-7 g/L纳米纤维素和100-500 mL蒸馏水混合，混合时控制高速搅拌转速为10000-60000 r/min，高速搅拌转速时间为5-10 min；
（2）采用冷冻干燥法，将步骤（1）所得溶液经液氮冷冻1-5 min后，转入冷冻干燥机处理12-32 h，得到用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶。
本发明中，步骤（1）中所述发泡剂十二烷基硫酸钠浓度为2-5 g/L。
本发明中，步骤（1）中所述纳米纤维素浓度为3-6 g/L。
本发明中，步骤（1）中控制高速搅拌转速为20000-50000 r/min。
本发明中，步骤（1）中控制高速搅拌转速时间为6-8 min。
本发明中，步骤（2）中所述冷冻干燥时间为16-28 h。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明结合水相分散法与冷冻干燥法，并以十二烷基硫酸钠为发泡剂制备出用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶，以达到处理含油废水，保护环境，节约水资源的目的，并能降低吸油材料的制备成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明。
本发明经过多次反复实验，发现采用下述结合水相分散法与冷冻干燥法，并以十二烷基硫酸钠作为起泡剂制备出用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的方法，能够提升吸油材料的吸油性能，同时降低吸油材料的制备成本。
实施例1
将4g/L纳米纤维素、2g/L Fe3O4及蒸馏水加入高速搅拌机中，以40000 r/min的速度高速搅拌8min，溶液经液氮冷冻后转移进到冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥24 h，得到的磁性纳米纤维素气凝胶对环己烷的吸收能力为70.9658 g/g，对乙酸乙酯的吸收能力为62.895 0g/g，对泵油的吸收能力为57.9364 g/g。
实施例2
将4g/L纳米纤维素、4g/L Fe3O4及蒸馏水加入高速搅拌机中，以40000 r/min的速度高速搅拌8 min，溶液经液氮冷冻后转移进冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥24 h，得到的磁性纳米纤维素气凝胶对环己烷的吸收能力为61.5044 g/g，对乙酸乙酯的吸收能力为51.8818 g/g，对泵油的吸收能力为46.7811 g/g。
实施例3
将4g/L纳米纤维素、6g/L Fe3O4及蒸馏水加入高速搅拌机中，以40000 r/min的速度高速搅拌8min，溶液经液氮冷冻后转移进入冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥24 h， 得到的磁性纳米纤维素气凝胶对环己烷的吸收能力为30.1348 g/g，对乙酸乙酯的吸收能力为40.0562 g/g，对泵油的吸收能力为24.4483 g/g。
实施例4
将4g/L纳米纤维素、8g/L Fe3O4及蒸馏水加入高速搅拌机中，以40000r/min的速度高速搅拌8min，溶液经液氮冷冻后转移进入冷冻干燥机中冷冻干燥24h， 得到的磁性纳米纤维素气凝胶对环己烷的吸收能力为24.4377g/g，对乙酸乙酯的吸收能力为30.3617g/g，对泵油的吸收能力为18.8211g/g。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于这里的实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于具体步骤如下：
（1）采用水相分散法，将1-6 g/L发泡剂十二烷基硫酸钠与2-7 g/L纳米纤维素和100-500 mL蒸馏水混合，混合时控制高速搅拌转速为10000-60000 r/min，高速搅拌转速时间为5-10 min；
（2）采用冷冻干燥法，将步骤（1）所得溶液经液氮冷冻1-5 min后，转入冷冻干燥机处理12-32 h，得到用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中所述发泡剂十二烷基硫酸钠浓度为2-5 g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中所述纳米纤维素浓度为3-6 g/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于处理水环境油污染的磁性纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中控制高速搅拌转速为20000-50000 r/min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于处理水环境油污染的磁性纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中控制高速搅拌转速时间为6-8 min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于处理水环境油污染的磁性纳米纤维素气凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中所述冷冻干燥时间为16-28 h。
CN201810133224.8A 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 一种用于处理水环境油污染的纳米纤维素泡沫气凝胶的制备方法 Pending CN108384048A (zh)

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CN114957804A (zh) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-30 中国农业大学 一种用于3d打印的绿色功能泡沫材料的制备及其应用

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114957804A (zh) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-30 中国农业大学 一种用于3d打印的绿色功能泡沫材料的制备及其应用
CN114957804B (zh) * 2022-06-08 2023-03-10 中国农业大学 一种用于3d打印的绿色功能泡沫材料的制备及其应用

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Application publication date: 20180810