CN1083809C - 用于地板和屋顶填料的具有高隔热和隔音性能的绝缘砂浆及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于地板和屋顶填料的具有高的隔热和隔音性能的绝缘砂浆，含有水泥和填充材料的干混合物，经制备待加水使用，它由下列物质制成：90-94体积%回收的固体聚氨酯，研磨成粉末和粒径小于8mm的颗粒的混合物，以及6-10体积%水泥，所述百分含量。
Description
本发明涉及一种绝缘砂浆，该砂浆可用作地面和屋顶填料，具有高的绝热和隔音性能。
本发明在建筑工业上有很重要的用途，它适用于覆盖混凝土层以及用作各种建筑物的填料。
WO-91 04 291的文本中揭示了一种能提供覆盖层的组合物，它是酚树脂和水泥的一种混合物。有一种酯催化剂加速该两种组分之间的反应。该混合物可用作填料、固体材料和增强件。
另外，EP-A-0 219 579的文本中揭示了一种基于水泥和蛭石的绝缘材料。该产品具有增加的耐压性。它可用于预制板的生产。
上述两篇文献均涉及一种具有很好的绝热和隔音性能的绝缘材料，但该种材料的制造不能使用回收的废料。
本发明的目的是将被发现仍具有高性能的废料转变成有价值的产品。
本发明的用于地板和屋顶填料的具有高的隔热和隔音性能的绝缘砂浆含有水泥和填充材料的干混合物，经制备待加水使用，其特征在于它由下列物质制成：
90-94体积％回收的固体聚氨酯，研磨成粉末和粒径小于8mm的颗粒的混合物，以及
6-10体积％水泥，
尤其是92体积％回收的固体聚氨酯和8体积％水泥。
所述混合物中还可含有熟石灰或水硬石灰和/或颜料，尤其是粉状氧化铁。
本发明的绝缘砂浆的比重为300至450kg/m3，尤其是400kg/m3。
本发明的绝缘砂浆还可含有作为添加剂的消泡剂，尤其是稀酸或酸式盐。
本发明的绝缘砂浆还可含有作为添加剂的表面活性剂，尤其是磷酸盐。
本发明的绝缘砂浆还可含有作为添加剂的稀释剂，尤其是蜜胺树脂。
本发明的绝缘砂浆还可含有使其具有触变胶性能的添加剂，尤其是粘合剂，例如墙纸胶，如甲基纤维素。
本发明还提供了上述绝缘砂浆制造建筑物单元的方法，其特征在于将所述砂浆分布于某一区域或注入模具中，然后进行压制，尤其是进行冲压。
本发明的绝缘砂浆与现有的砂浆相比，绝缘性能高得多，典型的值为：
λ＝0.05W/mK。
当增加混合物中水泥的比例时，可以提高其耐压性能并改变其绝缘性能。
从各类工厂回收的聚氨酯用作主要成分。例如由汽车消音器、屋顶隔热板、冰箱、冷冻设备、锅炉回收的聚氨酯废料和其它含固体聚氨酯的废料。
将该种固体泡沫聚氨酯研磨成粒径小于8mm的碎粒和细颗粒的混合物，并混合达到恒定体积，这是因为所提供的材料具有35kg/m3至200kg/m3以上的不同密度。
充分混合之后，加入其它的添加物，如水泥、水硬石灰和颜料，形成干的砂浆混合物，该混合物加水后会硬化。将这种干的混合物用纸袋或塑料袋包装。由于只需加水就可使用，因此就可以在需要使用的现场临时制备混合物。
本发明的砂浆含有至少70％(较好为80％)的经研磨回收的发泡固体聚氨酯，其余为水泥；如果需要，还可以加入集料，尤其是颜料。选择水泥的量，使之能达到至少满意甚至加固凝结的程度。所以水泥的加入量不能低于一定的值，该值主要由研磨的聚氨酯表面积所限定。
聚氨酯碎粒的尺寸不是非常重要，只是当碎粒的尺寸小于20mm，较好为小于8mm时，容易处理。在研磨时还会磨出极细的尘粒。这些尘粒填在颗粒之间的空间，增加了总的表面积。所以如果存在大量尘粒的话，则需要加入更多的水泥。
事实已经证明，向基本混合物中加入消泡剂具有很多优点。为此，使用稀酸或酸式盐；它们的作用是消除混合时出现的泡沫。其加入量低于混合物总重量的3％，较好为低于1％通常是足够的。
事实还证明了使用交织剂或表面活性剂的优越性，为此通常使用磷酸盐。其加入量小于1％已经足够。
加入稀释剂，例如蜜胺树脂、萘、亚硫酸盐纸浆废液(如经干燥的亚硫酸盐纸浆废液)也是有利的。稀释剂的加入量也可保持在混合物总重量的1％以下。
最后，可以加入凝结水泥的缓凝剂和促凝剂：这类添加剂在混凝土领域已众所周知，对于绝缘砂浆也是适用的。
较好的是加入着色颜料，因为它使砂浆混合物具有理想的均匀颜色。特别适宜的着色颜料是氧化铁(Fe2O3)，它以粉末形式存在，最大粒径为2mm。要加入足够的量使着色充分。
可对该绝缘砂浆采取增强措施；对此适用的是加入网，尤其是塑料网，以及块状材料，如块状合成材料等等。
本发明的其它优点和性能在其它的权利要求和下面叙述的使用实施例中揭示，它们对本发明不起限制作用。下面借助于附图来说明本发明。这些附图是：
图1：地面结构的剖面示意图；
图2：屋顶结构的剖面示意图，其一侧是倾斜的，另一侧是水平的。
本发明的绝缘砂浆层24是铺在支撑着墙22的混凝土层20上。先要在混凝土层上安放管子26作为所需的敷设管道。然后覆盖上绝缘砂浆。绝缘砂浆层24的最小厚度通常为3cm，一般厚度为5至10cm。
聚氨酯颗粒和碎粒的混合物用于绝缘砂浆；该混合物重量的30％至40％是粒径小于0.1mm的尘粒，混合物中有10％的粒径大于2mm。
砂浆层24与墙22的一面紧接。在图1的实例的左侧，砂浆层24的上面，有一层绝缘层28，通常用于对脚步声的隔音，这有时是规定要有的。该绝缘层28也可以不用，如图1的右侧所示。本发明的绝缘砂浆层24提供了足够的对脚步声的隔音性能。
在绝缘层28之上是一层地面铺砌层30，而在图1的右侧，地面铺砌层30直接在绝缘砂浆层24之上。它是略微增强的，其厚度一般为5cm。在其顶部是真正的地面，在此图中是瓷砖。在靠近墙22的地方，地面铺砌层是通过绝缘层28或涂上去的绝缘砂浆层33与墙隔开的。设想还有一层底梁(bottomrail)32。
一般在施加绝缘砂浆之后还要对它进行压缩，例如用扁平的工具轻轻冲压。一块平的压板就很适用，例如面积为1/4至1/2m2的压板，其上装有手柄。手持手柄将压板在疏松堆垛的砂浆上冲压，进行压缩，同时使之均匀。也可以使用其它的方法对砂浆层进行压缩。
在图2的实例中，右侧是倾斜的屋顶结构，左侧是水平的屋顶结构。砂浆层24是直接施加在混凝土层20上，该混凝土层是承重的混凝土天花板：在该图右侧的倾斜砂浆层和左侧的水平砂浆层都是通过压缩形成的。同样可以安装敷设管道等26。在砂浆层24上面直接覆盖一层隔离层34，以确保结构不漏水。屋顶22的右侧呈矮墙22形状，上面包覆着一层保护型材36。
实施例
为了得到50升待用的砂浆，取一袋本发明干的混合物，其体积约为76升，重量约为23kg，在STOW型或HST型浆叶式搅拌机中将其搅拌约一分钟，同时边加水。也可以使用混凝土搅拌机、简单搅拌机、EstromatTM型吹气搅拌机或PFT型地面铺砌机。
使用一袋体积为76升的干混合物，可以在1m2面积上面覆盖上厚度为5cm的绝缘砂浆层。这层覆盖层的比重约为450kg/m3，耐压性至少为2kg/m2。
本发明的绝缘砂浆也可用于制造作为隔墙和/或建筑物单元块用的绝缘板、隔离板。
Claims (22)
1.用于地板和屋顶填料的具有高的隔热和隔音性能的绝缘砂浆，含有水泥和填充材料的干混合物，经制备待加水使用，其特征在于它由下列物质制成：
90-94体积％回收的固体聚氨酯，研磨成粉末和粒径小于8mm的颗粒的混合物，以及
6-10体积％水泥，所述百分含量。
2.如权利要求1所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于它由下列物质制成：92体积％回收的固体聚氨酯和8体积％水泥。
3.如权利要求1所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述混合物中还含有熟石灰或水硬石灰和/或颜料。
4.如权利要求3所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述颜料为粉状氧化铁。
5.如权利要求1至4中任何一项所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于比重为300至450kg/m3。
6.如权利要求5所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述比重为400kg/m3。
7.如权利要求1至4或6中任何一项所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于它含有一种或多种添加剂选自消泡剂、表面活性剂、稀释剂和使其具有触变胶性能的添加剂。
8.如权利要求5所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于它含有一种或多种添加剂选自消泡剂、表面活性剂、稀释剂和使其具有触变胶性能的添加剂。
9.如权利要求7所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述消泡剂为稀酸或酸式盐。
10.如权利要求7所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述表面活性剂为磷酸盐。
11.如权利要求7所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述稀释剂为蜜胺树脂。
12.如权利要求7所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述使其具有触变胶性能的添加剂为粘合剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述粘合剂为墙纸胶。
14.如权利要求13所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述墙纸胶为甲基纤维素。
15.如权利要求8所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述消泡剂为稀酸或酸式盐。
16.如权利要求8所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述表面活性剂为磷酸盐。
17.如权利要求8所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述稀释剂为蜜胺树脂。
18.如权利要求8所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述使其具有触变胶性能的添加剂为粘合剂。
19.如权利要求18所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述粘合剂为墙纸胶。
20.如权利要求19所述的绝缘砂浆，其特征在于所述墙纸胶为甲基纤维素。
21.使用如权利要求1至20中任何一项所述的绝缘砂浆制造建筑物单元的方法，其特征在于将所述砂浆分布于某一区域或注入模具中，然后进行压制，尤其是进行冲压。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于其中所述的压制为冲压。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE9500266 | 1995-03-24 | ||
| BE9500266A BE1009260A3 (nl) | 1995-03-24 | 1995-03-24 | Isolatiemortel. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1179141A CN1179141A (zh) | 1998-04-15 |
| CN1083809C true CN1083809C (zh) | 2002-05-01 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96192724A Expired - Fee Related CN1083809C (zh) | 1995-03-24 | 1996-03-14 | 用于地板和屋顶填料的具有高隔热和隔音性能的绝缘砂浆及其使用方法 |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5904763A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0815065B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH11505203A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1083809C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE174884T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU697758B2 (zh) |
| BE (1) | BE1009260A3 (zh) |
| BG (1) | BG62396B1 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9607765A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2212962A1 (zh) |
| CZ (1) | CZ292738B6 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE59601052D1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK0815065T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2128843T3 (zh) |
| GR (1) | GR3029765T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP9800842A3 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO974391L (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL183389B1 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2158246C2 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR199700835T1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1996030315A1 (zh) |
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| CN106103378B (zh) * | 2014-03-10 | 2018-02-06 | 株式会社大虎Rc | 利用发泡聚氨酯的自流平性能优秀的装饰砂浆 |
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| DE19937314A1 (de) | 1999-08-10 | 2001-02-15 | Wilfried Blocken | Mehrschichtiger Fußbodenaufbau und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| US20020157340A1 (en) * | 2000-01-27 | 2002-10-31 | Boral Industries, Inc. | System for providIng a textured wall structure |
| GB0220510D0 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2002-10-09 | Kane Kevin J O | Composite board |
| WO2005033039A1 (de) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-04-14 | Recyfoam S.A. | Blockförmiger baustein als baumaterial für wände |
| CZ18255U1 (cs) * | 2007-09-17 | 2008-02-11 | D&Daxner Technology, S. R. O. | Tepelne izolacní omítka |
| US8013029B2 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2011-09-06 | Shin Soon-Ok | Mortar for concrete having polyurethane foam and method of thereof |
| BE1018017A5 (nl) * | 2008-02-26 | 2010-04-06 | Nys Manu | Gelaagde constructie met buizenstelsel. |
| IT1393554B1 (it) * | 2009-04-07 | 2012-04-27 | Ecoplast Nord S R L | Metodo per la realizzazione di una superficie piana per edifici |
| ES2358458B1 (es) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-12-23 | Universidad De Burgos | Composite ligero cemento-polimero para la construccion obtenido a partir del reciclado de espumas rigidas de poliuretano |
| CN105669101A (zh) * | 2009-11-25 | 2016-06-15 | 卡博特公司 | 气凝胶复合材料及其制造和使用方法 |
| CZ305013B6 (cs) * | 2012-04-03 | 2015-03-25 | Václav Husák | Způsob výroby stavebních prvků a stavební prvky vyrobené tímto způsobem |
| ES2598902B2 (es) * | 2015-07-30 | 2017-09-14 | Universidad De Burgos | Mortero estructural aligerado y de baja porosidad fabricado con residuos de poliuretano |
| LU93263B1 (fr) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-17 | Contern S A | Bloc pour construction seche |
| CZ2017127A3 (cs) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-05-02 | HELUZ cihlářský průmysl v.o.s. | Akustický a tepelný izolant, zejména pro stavebnictví |
| ES2683082B1 (es) * | 2017-03-16 | 2019-04-03 | Univ La Laguna | Hormigones no estructurales elaborados con residuos de pellet de poliuretano procedentes del proceso de reciclaje de frigoríficos. |
| ES2685219B2 (es) | 2017-03-31 | 2019-01-15 | Univ Sevilla | Procedimiento para la fabricación de morteros con residuos plásticos y su aplicación en una pieza de entrevigado para forjados unidireccionales |
| IT201800007034A1 (it) * | 2018-07-09 | 2020-01-09 | Struttura multistrato termicamente e/o acusticamente isolante per pavimentazioni, metodo e kit per la sua realizzazione | |
| ES1244254Y (es) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-08-26 | Cotaina Antonio Jesus Gonzalez | Material de aislamiento para la construccion |
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- 1996-03-14 ES ES96908033T patent/ES2128843T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-14 BR BR9607765-4A patent/BR9607765A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1996-03-14 PL PL96322357A patent/PL183389B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-14 CN CN96192724A patent/CN1083809C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-14 DK DK96908033T patent/DK0815065T3/da active
- 1996-03-14 TR TR97/00835T patent/TR199700835T1/xx unknown
- 1996-03-14 AT AT96908033T patent/ATE174884T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-14 RU RU97117881A patent/RU2158246C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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| CN106103378B (zh) * | 2014-03-10 | 2018-02-06 | 株式会社大虎Rc | 利用发泡聚氨酯的自流平性能优秀的装饰砂浆 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2158246C2 (ru) | 2000-10-27 |
| ATE174884T1 (de) | 1999-01-15 |
| BR9607765A (pt) | 1999-11-30 |
| WO1996030315A1 (de) | 1996-10-03 |
| AU5143596A (en) | 1996-10-16 |
| PL322357A1 (en) | 1998-01-19 |
| CZ300397A3 (en) | 1997-12-17 |
| US5904763A (en) | 1999-05-18 |
| EP0815065B1 (de) | 1998-12-23 |
| GR3029765T3 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
| BG101899A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
| AU697758B2 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
| HUP9800842A3 (en) | 1998-12-28 |
| NO974391D0 (no) | 1997-09-23 |
| CA2212962A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
| MX9707279A (es) | 1998-06-30 |
| BE1009260A3 (nl) | 1997-01-07 |
| ES2128843T3 (es) | 1999-05-16 |
| JPH11505203A (ja) | 1999-05-18 |
| CZ292738B6 (cs) | 2003-12-17 |
| NO974391L (no) | 1997-09-23 |
| EP0815065A1 (de) | 1998-01-07 |
| CN1179141A (zh) | 1998-04-15 |
| TR199700835T1 (xx) | 1998-01-21 |
| PL183389B1 (pl) | 2002-06-28 |
| BG62396B1 (bg) | 1999-10-29 |
| HUP9800842A2 (hu) | 1998-08-28 |
| DK0815065T3 (da) | 1999-08-23 |
| DE59601052D1 (de) | 1999-02-04 |
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