CN108369363A - 电致变色装置 - Google Patents

电致变色装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN108369363A
CN108369363A CN201780004513.1A CN201780004513A CN108369363A CN 108369363 A CN108369363 A CN 108369363A CN 201780004513 A CN201780004513 A CN 201780004513A CN 108369363 A CN108369363 A CN 108369363A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
electrochromic
layer
density
electrochromic device
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780004513.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN108369363B (zh
Inventor
姜铢熙
章盛皓
金忠完
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Chem Ltd
LG Corp
Original Assignee
LG Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical LG Chemical Co Ltd
Priority claimed from PCT/KR2017/002491 external-priority patent/WO2017155295A1/ko
Publication of CN108369363A publication Critical patent/CN108369363A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108369363B publication Critical patent/CN108369363B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/285—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyethers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/286—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polysulphones; polysulfides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B32B27/365—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters comprising polycarbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/144—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers using layers with different mechanical or chemical conditions or properties, e.g. layers with different thermal shrinkage, layers under tension during bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/29—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for multicolour effects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
    • C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/08—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/08—Oxides
    • C23C14/083—Oxides of refractory metals or yttrium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/02—2 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/72—Density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/02—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2551/00—Optical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
    • B32B37/182—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only one or more of the layers being plastic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
    • G02F1/15165—Polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
    • G02F1/1524—Transition metal compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F2001/1502—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect complementary cell
    • G02F2001/15025—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect complementary cell having an inorganic electrochromic layer and a second solid organic electrochromic layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • G02F2001/1536—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for additional, e.g. protective, layer inside the cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G02F2001/1552—Inner electrode, e.g. the electrochromic layer being sandwiched between the inner electrode and the support substrate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G02F2001/1555—Counter electrode
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F2001/164—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect the electrolyte is made of polymers

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及电致变色装置和用于制造电致变色装置的方法。本申请可以提供具有提高的生产率以及改善的电致变色速率和耐久性的电致变色装置以及用于制造电致变色装置的方法。该电致变色装置可以有利地用于各种各样的装置，例如智能窗、智能镜、显示器、电子纸和自适应伪装。

Description

电致变色装置
技术领域
本申请涉及电致变色装置和该电致变色装置的用途。
本申请要求基于于2016年3月8日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2016-0027597号以及于2017年3月7日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2017-0028748号的优先权的权益，其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。
背景技术
电致变色是指电致变色活性材料的光学特性如颜色或透射率被材料的电化学氧化还原反应所改变的现象。利用这种现象的电致变色装置即使以小成本也可以制造成具有大面积的装置并且具有低的能耗，使得其可以用于各种领域，例如智能窗、智能镜和电子纸(专利文献1：韩国特许专利公开第2008-0051280号)。
作为电致变色材料，可以例示过渡金属氧化物。例如，WO3、MoO3、TiO2等可以例示为通过还原的显色材料，以及LiNiOx、NIOx、V2O5、IrO2等可以例示为通过氧化的显色材料。
为了将电致变色材料应用于电致变色装置，需要提供薄膜形式的电致变色材料。在一个实例中，可以使用溅射真空设备使电致变色材料变薄。然而，真空沉积法具有高的单元工艺成本和维护成本，并且虽然为了稳定驱动电致变色装置需要厚度为数百纳米的薄膜，但是真空沉积法的沉积速率低，因而存在难以将其应用于大规模生产的问题。作为真空沉积方法的替代，存在涂覆电致变色材料的方法。涂覆法与真空沉积法相比具有简单的工艺，因此具有降低工艺成本的效果，但是由于涂层与基材之间的粘合性降低，可能还需要额外的工艺如处理工艺。
在另一方面，在电致变色装置领域，需要在循环测试期间保持稳定的电致变色特性并且具有热稳定性和耐久性。此外，当电致变色装置劣化时，存在电致变色特性降低或者无法实现并且视觉观察到劣化的问题，因此，需要改善电致变色稳定性以将其用于智能窗等。
发明内容
技术问题
本申请要解决的目标是提供具有改善的生产率、电致变色速率和耐久性的电致变色装置以提高电致变色装置的生产率并且解决和补偿由材料引起的工艺稳定性问题，以及用于制造所述电致变色装置的方法。
技术方案
本申请涉及电致变色装置。本申请的电致变色装置可依次包括第一电极层、复合电致变色层、电解质层、离子存储层和第二电极层。复合电致变色层可包括多个电致变色层的层合结构。在多个电致变色层中的至少两个电致变色层可具有不同的密度。在具有不同密度的两个电致变色层中的密度较高的电致变色层可被设置成与密度较低的电致变色层相比更接近第一电极层。第一电极层和第二电极层可分别设置在第一基底和第二基底上。
本申请的电致变色装置可以通过厚度相对小的电致变色层层合结构来实现，使得可以提高生产率。此外，本申请的电致变色装置可以通过经由布置密度不同的多个电致变色层防止电解质层中的离子(例如，Li+离子)渗入电极层中来减少因电极层材料(例如，ITO)和电解质层中的离子的副反应引起的劣化现象，从而表现出优异的电致变色速率和耐久性。
图1示意性地示出了根据本申请的一个实施方案的电致变色装置。如图1所示，根据本发明的一个实施方案的电致变色装置可依次包括第一基底(10)、第一电极层(11)、复合电致变色层(12)、电解质层(3)、离子存储层(22)、第二电极层(21)和第二基底(20)。复合电致变色层(12)可包括具有不同密度的至少两个电致变色层(121、122)，并且密度较高的第一电致变色层(121)可被设置成比密度较低的第二电致变色层更接近第一电极层(11)。在根据图1的电致变色装置中，密度较高的第一电致变色层(121)与第一电极层(11)相邻，并且密度较低的第二电致变色层(122)与电解质层(3)相邻。
下文中，将具体描述本申请的电致变色装置。
[电极层]
在本说明书中，与复合电致变色层相邻的电极层可被称为第一电极层，以及与离子存储层相邻的电极层可被称为第二电极层。第一电极层和第二电极层可用于向复合电致变色层或离子存储层供应电荷。第一电极层可被称为在与复合电致变色层相邻的同时在电致变色装置中具有电致变色作用的相邻电极，例如活性电极。第二电极层可被称为在与离子存储层相邻的同时能够容纳从活性电极解吸的氢或锂离子等的电极，例如对电极。然而，如以下所述，当离子存储层也包含电致变色材料时，第一电极层和第二电极层二者均可用作对电极同时作为活性电极。
第一电极层和第二电极层各自可包含透明导电材料。具体地，第一电极层和第二电极层各自可包含透明导电氧化物、导电聚合物、银纳米线和金属网中的至少一者。在一个实例中，作为透明导电氧化物，可以使用ITO(氧化铟锡)、FTO(氟掺杂的氧化锡)、AZO(铝掺杂的氧化锌)、GZO(镓掺杂的氧化锌)、ATO(锑掺杂的氧化锡)、IZO(铟掺杂的氧化锌)、NTO(铌掺杂的氧化钛)、ZnO或CTO等，但不限于此。在另一个实例中，第一电极层和第二电极层可以形成为其中层合有上述透明导电氧化物中的两种或更多种材料的结构。
第一电极层或第二电极层可以例如通过以下过程来制造：通过诸如溅射或数字印刷的工艺在透明玻璃基底上以薄膜形式形成包含透明导电氧化物颗粒的电极材料。
第一电极层或第二电极层的物理特性可以在不损害本申请的目的的范围内适当地调节。在一个实例中，第一电极层或第二电极层可被设计成具有低的厚度和薄层电阻以及高的透射率。第一电极层或第二电极层的薄层电阻越低，电致变色装置的着色和脱色转换时间越倾向于减小。考虑到这一点，可以适当地控制第一电极层或第二电极层的物理特性。例如，第一电极层或第二电极层的厚度可以为1nm至500nm。
通过外电路对第一电极层或第二电极层施加的电压可以在不损害本申请的目的的范围内适当地调节。对第一电极层或第二电极层施加的电压越高，电致变色装置的特性越好，但是可能通过加速装置劣化而使耐久性降低。考虑到这一点，可以适当地调节通过外电路对第一电极层或第二电极层施加的电压。例如，通过外电路对第一电极层或第二电极层施加的电压可以为-5V至+5V，但不限于此。此外，着色和脱色时的电压可以相同或不同，并且如果需要，可以适当地进行调节。电压可以通过交流电源来施加，并且施加电压的电源或方法可由本领域技术人员适当地选择。
如图1所示，本申请的电致变色装置还可包括分别设置在第一电极层和第二电极层的一个表面上的第一基底和第二基底。第一基底和第二基底可以分别为玻璃基底或聚合物基底。具体地，第一基底和第二基底中的每一者可为选自以下的任一者：玻璃、玻璃纤维、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚醚砜、聚酰亚胺及其组合。根据本申请的一个实施方案，第一基底可以为玻璃基底，第二基底可以为聚合物基底。
[复合电致变色层]
复合电致变色层可具有多个电致变色层的层合结构。在本说明书中，多个电致变色层的层合结构可意指至少两个电致变色层的层合结构。在本说明书中，关于电致变色层，除非其被限定为“复合”或“多个”，否则电致变色层可意指独立形成的单个电致变色层。如果需要，复合电致变色层可具有两个、三个、四个、五个或更多个电致变色层的层合结构。
在多个电致变色层中的至少两个电致变色层的密度可彼此不同。在密度不同的两个电致变色层中的密度较高的电致变色层可被布置成比密度较低的电致变色层更接近第一电极层。通过经由上述布置防止电解质层中的离子(例如，Li+离子)渗入电极层，可以减少因电极层材料(例如，ITO)和电解质层中的离子的副反应引起的劣化现象，从而表现出优异的电致变色速率和耐久性。
在一个实例中，当复合电致变色层具有密度不同的两个电致变色层的层合结构时，密度较高的电致变色层可被设置成与第一电极层相邻，并且密度较低的层可被设置成与电解质层相邻。在另一个实例中，当复合电致变色层具有密度不同的三个或更多个电致变色层的层合结构时，密度最高的电致变色层可被设置成与第一电极层相邻，并且密度最低的电致变色层可被设置成与电解质层相邻。此外，电致变色层可被设置成使得电致变色层的密度从第一电极层侧向电解质层侧变得更低。
多个电致变色层可被布置成使得例如密度不同的至少两个电致变色层彼此相邻。因此，根据本申请的电致变色装置，密度不同的至少两个电致变色层可以以彼此相邻的状态进行驱动。
多个电致变色层例如密度不同的至少两个电致变色层可彼此直接层合。在本说明书中，短语“A和B彼此直接层合”可意指在A与B之间不存在中间层例如压敏粘合层或粘合层的情况下A和B彼此层合。两个或更多个电致变色层的直接层合可以例如通过在一个电致变色层上沉积或涂覆另一个电致变色层来进行。
考虑到本申请的目的，可以适当地选择密度不同的两个电致变色层的密度差。在一个实例中，密度差可以是0.1g/cm3或更大、0.2g/cm3或更大、0.3g/cm3或更大、0.4g/cm3或更大、或者0.5g/cm3或更大。密度差的上限可以为3.0g/cm3或更小。当密度不同的两个电致变色层的密度差在以上范围内时，在具有提高的生产率以及实现具有优异的电致变色速率和耐久性的电致变色装置方面可以是有利的。
考虑到本申请的目的，可以适当地选择密度不同的两个电致变色层各自的密度。在一个实例中，在密度不同的两个电致变色层中的密度较高的电致变色层的密度可以为5.0g/cm3至8.0g/cm3。具体地，密度较高的电致变色层的密度可以为5.0g/cm3或更大、5.25g/cm3或更大、5.5g/cm3或更大、5.75g/cm3或更大、6g/cm3或更大、或者6.25g/cm3或更大且8.0g/cm3或更小、7.5g/cm3或更小、7.0g/cm3或更小、或者6.5g/cm3或更小。在密度不同的两个电致变色层中的密度较低的电致变色层的密度可以为3.0g/cm3至7.0g/cm3。具体地，密度较低的电致变色层的密度可以为3.0g/cm3或更大、3.5g/cm3或更大、4.0g/cm3或更大、4.5g/cm3或更大、或者5.5g/cm3或更大且7.0g/cm3或更小、6.5g/cm3或更小、或者6.0g/cm3或更小。当各电致变色层的密度在以上范围内时，在具有提高的生产率以及实现具有优异的电致变色速率和耐久性的电致变色装置方面可以是有利的。
考虑到本申请的目的，可以适当地选择包括在复合电致变色层中的各电致变色层的厚度。在一个实例中，各电致变色层的厚度分别可以为10nm至800nm。具体地，在密度不同的两个电致变色层中，密度较高的电致变色层的厚度可以为10nm至800nm，并且密度较低的电致变色层的厚度可以为10nm至800nm。更具体地，密度较高的电致变色层的厚度可以为10nm或更大、20nm或更大、30nm或更大、60nm或更大、或者90nm或更大且400nm或更小、300nm或更小、200nm或更小、或者100nm或更小。更具体地，密度较低的电致变色层的厚度可以为10nm或更大、50nm或更大、100nm或更大、150nm或更大且400nm或更小、300nm或更小、或者200nm或更小。此外，复合电致变色层的总厚度可以为20nm至810nm。更具体地，复合电致变色层的总厚度可以为20nm或更大、60nm或更大、100nm或更大、140nm或更大、180nm或更大且810nm或更小、700nm或更小、600nm或更小、500nm或更小、400nm或更小、或者300nm或更小。当复合电致变色层的厚度满足以上范围时，在具有提高的生产率以及实现具有优异的电致变色速率和耐久性的电致变色装置方面可以是有利的。
密度不同的至少两个电致变色层可通过不同的物理结构来实现。在一个实例中，密度不同的至少两个电致变色层中的任一者可以是多孔膜。在一个具体实例中，在密度不同的至少两个电致变色层中的密度较低的电致变色层与密度较高的电致变色层相比可以是多孔膜。在本说明书中，多孔膜可意指具有多孔结构的膜，即，具有这样的结构的膜，其中在该膜的内部或表面上存在多个孔(多孔性)。在本说明书中，短语“A与B相比是多孔膜”可意指A比B包含更多的孔。
多个电致变色层例如密度不同的至少两个电致变色层各自可包含电致变色材料。电致变色是颜色根据电信号可逆地改变的现象，并且电致变色可以通过在电致变色材料中嵌入/提取电子和离子(H+、Li+等)的过程而发生。电致变色材料可以分为通过离子注入可逆地着色的还原性电致变色材料和通过离子提取可逆地着色的氧化性电致变色材料。
作为电致变色材料，可以使用金属氧化物电致变色材料、金属配合物化合物、有机电致变色材料或导电聚合物电致变色材料等。
作为金属氧化物电致变色材料的实例，可以使用钨(W)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、钼(Mo)、铌(Nb)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、钽(Ta)、铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、钴(Co)、铱(Ir)和锂镍(LiNi)的金属氧化物中的一种或更多种。钨(W)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、钼(Mo)、铌(Nb)等的金属氧化物可以被分类为还原性电致变色材料，并且钒(V)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、钽(Ta)、铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、钴(Co)、铱(Ir)或锂镍(LiNi)等可以被分类为氧化性电致变色材料。
作为金属配合物化合物，例如，可以使用普鲁士蓝、酞菁或铋等。
作为有机电致变色材料，例如，可以使用紫罗碱或醌等。
作为导电聚合物电致变色材料，例如，可以使用以下的一种或更多种：聚噻吩、聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚蒽、聚芴、聚咔唑、聚亚苯基亚乙烯基及其衍生物。
在一个实例中，多个电致变色层例如密度不同的至少两个电致变色层各自可包含相同种类的电致变色材料。作为一个实例，密度不同的至少两个电致变色层各自可包含钨氧化物(WOx)。本申请的电致变色装置实现成使得包含相同种类的电致变色材料的至少两个电致变色层的密度彼此不同，由此可以提高电致变色装置的生产率，并且可以解决和补偿由材料引起的的工艺稳定性问题。
[离子存储层]
离子存储层可用于接收和释放引起电致变色层变色所必需的离子电荷。因此，为了匹配离子存储层与电致变色层之间的电荷平衡，离子存储层可包含与电致变色层互补的导电材料。
当复合电致变色层包含还原性电致变色材料时，离子存储层可包含氧化性导电材料。或者，当复合电致变色层包含氧化性电致变色材料时，离子存储层可包含还原性导电材料。
作为一个实例，包含在离子存储层中的导电材料可以是电致变色材料。当复合电致变色层包含还原性电致变色材料时，离子存储层可包含氧化性电致变色材料。当复合电致变色层包含氧化性电致变色材料时，离子存储层可包含还原性电致变色材料。根据本申请的一个实施方案，当在复合电致变色层中使用钨氧化物(WO3)时，可以在离子存储层中使用锂镍氧化物(LiNixOy)。
或者，不管复合电致变色层包含还原性变色材料还是氧化性变色材料，离子存储层还可包含合适的导电材料，例如诸如导电石墨的导电材料。
离子存储层的厚度可以在不损害本申请的目的的范围内适当地选择。例如，离子存储层的厚度可以为20nm至810nm。当离子存储层的厚度满足以上范围时，可以提供具有改善的电致变色速率和稳定性的电致变色装置。
[电解质层]
电解质层可包含电解质盐。具体地，电解质层可以为选自以下的任一者：其中溶解有电解质盐的液体电解质、凝胶电解质、固体电解质、聚合物电解质和凝胶聚合物电解质。在液体电解质的情况下，其可以是其中电解质盐溶解在溶剂中的液体电解质。根据本申请的一个实施方案，电解质可以是凝胶聚合物电解质。
电解质盐可以是有机电解质盐或无机电解质盐。更具体地，电解质盐可包括锂盐、钾盐、钠盐或铵盐等，并且电解质盐可以是例如选自以下的任一者：n-Bu4NClO4、n-Bu4NPF6、NaBF4、LiClO4、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiCF3SO3、C2F6LiNO4S2、K4Fe(CN)6及其组合。
如果溶剂为非水性溶剂则可应用，具体地，溶剂可以是选自以下的任一者：二氯甲烷、氯仿、乙腈、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、四氢呋喃(THF)、碳酸亚丁酯及其组合。
电解质层的厚度可以在不损害本申请的目的的范围内适当地选择。例如，电解质层的厚度可以是400nm至2000nm。当电解质层的厚度满足以上范围时，可以提供具有改善的电致变色速率和稳定性的电致变色装置。
本申请还涉及用于制造电致变色装置的方法。该制造方法可以是用于制造上述电致变色装置的方法。该制造方法可包括在第一电极层上依次层合复合电致变色层、电解质层、离子存储层和第二电极层的过程。在该制造方法中，复合电致变色层可包括多个电致变色层，其中在多个电致变色层中的至少两个电致变色层的密度彼此不同，并且在密度不同的两个电致变色层中的密度较高的电致变色层与密度较低的电致变色层相比可被层合以被布置成与第一电极层相邻。在该制造方法中，第一电极层、复合电致变色层、电解质层、离子存储层和第二电极层的细节可以通过在电致变色装置的项目中描述的内容等同地应用。
在该制造方法中，层间层合方法可通过适当地选择已知的方法来进行。在一个实例中，各层可以使用以下任一种方法来形成：溅射、溶胶-凝胶法、电子束蒸镀(e-beamevaporation)、脉冲激光沉积、CVD(化学气相沉积)、旋涂和浸涂。
在该制造方法中，将至少两个电致变色层的密度调节成彼此不同可以通过如下方式进行：层合与其他相邻电致变色层相比呈多孔膜形式的任一电致变色层。多孔膜的细节可以通过在电致变色装置的项目中描述的内容等同地应用。
在一个实例中，在层合电致变色层时，层合多孔膜形式的电致变色层可以通过对其应用溅射工艺来进行，条件是调节工艺压力条件，或者通过对其应用电子束蒸镀(E-beamevaporation)工艺来进行，条件是调节气体条件。溅射工艺中的工艺压力条件或电子束沉积工艺中的气体条件可以根据要实现的密度来适当地选择。
作为一个实例，当应用溅射工艺时，随着工艺压力增加，电致变色层的密度倾向于减小。或者，当应用电子束蒸镀工艺时，随着通过气体注入增加工艺压力，电致变色层的密度倾向于减小。在另一方面，由于溅射工艺源是金属组分的刚性固体而电子束蒸镀工艺源是颗粒型固体，因此由于溅射源和电子束蒸镀源不同可能存在密度关于工艺而不同。
本申请的电致变色装置具有改善电致变色速率和稳定性的效果。这样的电致变色装置可以有利地用于各种装置，例如智能窗、智能镜、显示器、电子纸和自适应伪装(adaptive camouflage)。构造这样的装置的方法没有特别限制，只要应用本申请的电致变色装置即可，可以应用常规方法。
有益效果
本申请可以提供具有提高的生产率以及改善的电致变色速率和耐久性的电致变色装置。这样的电致变色装置可以有利地用于各种装置，例如智能窗、智能镜、显示器、电子纸和自适应伪装。
附图说明
图1示意性地示出了根据本申请的一个实施方案的电致变色装置。
图2至5分别是实施例1至3和比较例1的电流图。
图6是实施例1在第750次循环下的着色和脱色图。
图7是实施例2在第750次循环下的着色和脱色图。
图8是实施例3在第400次循环下的着色图。
图9至11分别是实施例1至3的电荷量图。
图12至14分别是实施例1至3的透射率和电荷量图。
图15至16分别是实施例2和比较例2的电荷量图。
图17是比较例2在第50次循环下的着色图。
图18是比较例2的透射率和电荷量图。
具体实施方式
下文中，将通过实施例和比较例更详细地描述本申请的内容，但本申请的范围不限于以下内容。
测量实施例1
使用XRR(X射线反射)分析法，从0.2度至2.4度的2θ每0.002度1秒测量电致变色层的薄膜密度。
实施例1(堆叠体：玻璃/ITO/WOx(1)/WOx(2)/GPE/LiNixOy/ITO/PET膜)
工作电极的制造
通过以下过程来形成第一电致变色层(121)：在层合在玻璃基底上的ITO层上通过使用DC溅射机在W(钨)靶上形成等离子体，并将Ar和O2气体注入室中，通过活性反应，使得以厚度为约30nm的薄膜形式提供WOx(钨氧化物)。以6.03kV的高压和0.5nm/秒的蒸镀速率设置WOx源，通过电子束蒸镀在第一电致变色层(121)上形成第二电致变色层(122)，使得以厚度为约150nm的薄膜形式提供WOx(钨氧化物)。第一电致变色层(121)的密度为约6.3±0.1g/cm3，以及第二电致变色层(122)的密度为约5.8±0.1g/cm3。
对电极的制造
通过以下过程来形成离子存储层(22)：在层合在PET膜上的ITO层上使用DC溅射机在LiNiO2靶上形成等离子体，并将Ar和O2气体注入室中，通过活性反应，使得以厚度为约75nm的薄膜形式提供LiNixOy。
电致变色装置的制造
使用包含PC(碳酸亚丙酯)和LiClO4的混合物的凝胶聚合物电解质，通过将工作电极和对电极结合在一起使得第二电致变色层(122)和离子存储层(21)与凝胶聚合物电解质(3)接触来制造电致变色装置。
实施例2(堆叠体：玻璃/ITO/WOx(1)/WOx(2)/GPE/LiNixOy/ITO/PET膜)
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造电致变色装置，不同之处在于，在实施例1中形成第一电致变色层(121)时，通过将DC溅射时间增加两倍来以厚度为约60nm的薄膜形式提供第一电致变色层(121)。第一电致变色层薄膜(121)的密度为约6.3±0.1g/cm3，以及第二电致变色层薄膜(122)的密度为约5.8±0.1g/cm3。
实施例3(堆叠体：玻璃/ITO/WOx(1)/WOx(2)/GPE/LiNixOy/ITO/PET膜)
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造电致变色装置，不同之处在于，在实施例1中形成第一电致变色层薄膜(121)时，通过将DC溅射时间增加三倍来以厚度为约90nm的薄膜形式提供第一电致变色层薄膜(121)。第一电致变色层薄膜(121)的密度为约6.3±0.1g/cm3，以及第二电致变色层薄膜(122)的密度为约5.8±0.1g/cm3。
比较例1(堆叠体：玻璃/ITO/WOx/GPE/LiNixOy/ITO/PET膜)
以与实施例1中相同的方式制造电致变色装置，不同之处在于，在实施例1中制造工作电极和形成第一电致变色层薄膜(121)时，通过增加DC溅射时间十四倍来以厚度为约420nm的薄膜单层结构形成电致变色层。电致变色层薄膜的密度为约6.3±0.1g/cm3。
比较例2(堆叠体：玻璃/ITO/WOx(2)/WOx(1)/GPE/LiNixOy/ITO/PET膜)
以与实施例2中相同的方式制造电致变色装置，不同之处在于，在实施例2中制造工作电极时，首先在ITO电极层上形成密度为约5.8±0.1g/cm3的第二电致变色层(122)，然后在第二电致变色层(122)上形成密度为约6.3±0.1g/cm3的第一电致变色层(121)。
电致变色装置的驱动和劣化评估
在以下条件下驱动实施例和比较例中制造的电致变色装置以评估劣化的存在，结果示于图2至9中。
-驱动偏压：-2V至+2V的AC电压
-持续时间：100秒(着色)-100秒(脱色)。
图2至5分别示出了在着色和脱色时实施例1至3和比较例1的电致变色装置的电流量根据经过的时间和循环次数的变化。如图2至5所示，在比较例1中，劣化在100次循环之后发生，而在实施例1和2中，即使在800次循环或更多次循环下也未发生劣化，在实施例3中，多至约150次循环才发生劣化，因此可以确定，实施例3与比较例1相比具有更优的耐久性。图7和8分别是实施例1和2的电致变色装置在驱动750次循环之后的着色和脱色图，并且图9是实施例3在驱动400次循环之后的着色图。在实施例3中，在第400次循环下发生劣化，并且在着色与脱色之间不存在色差。图9至11分别示出了在着色和脱色时实施例1至3的电致变色装置的电荷量根据经过的时间的变化。在电荷量增加时，可意味着Li+离子非常有助于着色和脱色或电致变色。如图9和11所示，可以确定，在实施例1和2的情况下，多至约750次循环，电致变色装置表现出稳定的电致变色特性，电荷量并未降低。图12至14分别示出了在着色和脱色时实施例1至3的电致变色装置的透射率和电荷量根据循环次数的变化。
图15至16分别示出了在着色和脱色时实施例2和比较例2的电致变色装置的电荷量根据经过的时间的变化。如图15至16所示，可以确定，在实施例2中，电致变色装置表现出稳定的电致变色特性，电荷量根据经过的时间并未降低，而在比较例2中，在50次循环后电荷量降低。图17是比较例2在驱动50次循环后的着色图。在比较例2中，在驱动50次循环之后发生劣化，并且在着色与脱色之间没有色差。图18示出了在着色和脱色时比较例2的电致变色装置的透射率和电荷量根据循次数的变化。
[附图标记说明]
10：第一基底，11：第一电极层，12：复合电致变色层，122：第二电致变色层，121：第一电致变色层，20：第二基底，21：第二电极层，22：离子存储层，3：电解质层。

Claims (15)

1.一种电致变色装置，依次包括第一电极层、复合电致变色层、电解质层、离子存储层和第二电极层，其中所述复合电致变色层包括多个电致变色层的层合结构，在所述多个电致变色层中的至少两个电致变色层具有彼此不同的密度，并且在具有不同密度的所述至少两个电致变色层中的密度较高的电致变色层被设置成比密度较低的电致变色层更接近所述第一电极层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中具有不同密度的所述两个电致变色层被彼此相邻地驱动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中具有不同密度的所述两个电致变色层彼此直接层合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中具有不同密度的所述两个电致变色层的密度差为0.1g/cm3或更大。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中所述密度较高的电致变色层的密度为5.0g/cm3至8.0g/cm3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中所述密度较低的电致变色层的密度为3.0g/cm3至7.0g/cm3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中具有不同密度的所述两个电致变色层中的每一者的厚度为10nm至800nm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中所述密度较低的电致变色层与所述密度较高的电致变色层相比是多孔膜。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中具有不同密度的所述两个电致变色层中的每一者包含钨(W)、钛(Ti)、钒(V)、钼(Mo)、铌(Nb)、铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、钽(Ta)、铁(Fe)、镍(Ni)、钴(Co)、铱(Ir)和锂镍(LiNi)的金属氧化物中的至少一种金属氧化物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中具有不同密度的所述两个电致变色层中的每一者包含相同种类的电致变色材料。
11.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中当所述复合电致变色层包含还原性电致变色材料时，所述离子存储层包含氧化性导电材料，或者当所述复合电致变色层包含氧化性电致变色材料时，所述离子存储层包含还原性导电材料。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置，其中所述电解质层包含电解质盐，以及所述电极层包含透明导电材料。
13.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的电致变色装置的方法，包括在第一电极层上依次层合复合电致变色层、电解质层、离子存储层和第二电极层的过程，其中所述复合电致变色层包括多个电致变色层的层合结构，在所述多个电致变色层中的至少两个电致变色层具有彼此不同的密度，并且被层合成使得在具有不同密度的所述两个电致变色层中的密度较高的电致变色层被设置成与密度较低的电致变色层相比与所述第一电极层相邻。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用于制造电致变色装置的方法，其中将所述多个电致变色层的密度调节成彼此不同通过如下方式进行：层合所述多个电致变色层中与任意另一个电致变色层相比呈多孔膜形式的任一电致变色层。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用于制造电致变色装置的方法，其中层合呈多孔膜形式的所述电致变色层通过对其应用溅射工艺来进行，条件是调节工艺压力条件，或者通过对其应用电子束蒸镀工艺来进行，条件是调节气体条件。
CN201780004513.1A 2016-03-08 2017-03-08 电致变色装置 Active CN108369363B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20160027597 2016-03-08
KR10-2016-0027597 2016-03-08
KR10-2017-0028748 2017-03-07
KR1020170028748A KR102010753B1 (ko) 2016-03-08 2017-03-07 전기변색 소자
PCT/KR2017/002491 WO2017155295A1 (ko) 2016-03-08 2017-03-08 전기변색 소자

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108369363A true CN108369363A (zh) 2018-08-03
CN108369363B CN108369363B (zh) 2021-05-07

Family

ID=60034552

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780004513.1A Active CN108369363B (zh) 2016-03-08 2017-03-08 电致变色装置

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US10877348B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102010753B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN108369363B (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109683416A (zh) * 2019-01-28 2019-04-26 青岛九维华盾科技研究院有限公司 一种双色可调电致变色薄膜器件
CN110764331A (zh) * 2019-10-16 2020-02-07 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 一种超快响应、防过充电致变色器件及其制备方法
CN112180646A (zh) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-05 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 图案化多彩薄膜，其制作方法及应用
CN112198731A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2021-01-08 基迈克材料科技（苏州）有限公司 电致变色膜系及电致变色器件

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10852613B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2020-12-01 View, Inc. Counter electrode material for electrochromic devices
US8582193B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2013-11-12 View, Inc. Electrochromic devices
US10156762B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2018-12-18 View, Inc. Counter electrode for electrochromic devices
US12043890B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2024-07-23 View, Inc. Electrochromic devices
US9664974B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2017-05-30 View, Inc. Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices
US9759975B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2017-09-12 View, Inc. Electrochromic devices
US11891327B2 (en) 2014-05-02 2024-02-06 View, Inc. Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices
CN107111197A (zh) 2014-11-26 2017-08-29 唯景公司 用于电致变色装置的对电极
KR102160686B1 (ko) * 2017-10-26 2020-09-29 주식회사 오리온 전기변색소자
KR102125135B1 (ko) * 2018-08-29 2020-06-19 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 하이브리드 전기 변색 소자 및 그 제조 방법
KR102101874B1 (ko) * 2019-09-11 2020-04-20 주식회사 스위스 저항이 낮은 투명전극 구조를 가지는 전기변색소자
CN112285981B (zh) * 2020-10-27 2022-11-01 哈尔滨工业大学 一种具有高电荷储存能力的电致变色器件的制备方法
KR102513310B1 (ko) * 2020-11-16 2023-03-24 립하이 주식회사 전기변색소자 및 이를 포함하는 전기변색장치
US11868016B2 (en) * 2021-04-15 2024-01-09 Ambilight Inc. Light-emitting electrochromic device
CN113568236A (zh) * 2021-06-29 2021-10-29 浙江工业大学 基于高性能水凝胶电解质的电致变色器件及制备方法和应用
CN113791510A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-14 河北光兴半导体技术有限公司 用于电致变色玻璃的制备系统
KR20240030319A (ko) 2022-08-30 2024-03-07 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 교류펄스전압을 이용한 전기변색소자 구동방법
KR20240107870A (ko) * 2022-12-30 2024-07-09 주식회사 동진쎄미켐 전기변색소자

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303310A (en) * 1978-06-05 1981-12-01 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electrochromic display device
US5253100A (en) * 1984-08-31 1993-10-12 The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations Solid electrolytes for conducting polymer-based color switchable windows and electronic display services
KR20030072123A (ko) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-13 주식회사 엘지이아이 전기변색소자 및 그 제조방법
CN1916669A (zh) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-21 三星电机株式会社 用于液体透镜的高可靠性液体
US20120113496A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrochromic element and method of forming same
WO2014017656A1 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. An electrochromic device and a method for manufacturing an electrochromic device
US20140063584A1 (en) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Electrochromic thin film, electrochromic device, and manufacturing method thereof
CN104834145A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-08-12 上方能源技术(杭州)有限公司 一种叠层电致变色玻璃及其应用

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR19980061399A (ko) * 1996-12-31 1998-10-07 구자홍 ECD(Electro Chromic Device)
KR100870613B1 (ko) 2005-11-02 2008-11-25 주식회사 엘지화학 전기변색소자의 전극구조
JP2007256545A (ja) * 2006-03-23 2007-10-04 Konica Minolta Holdings Inc 表示素子
KR101127277B1 (ko) 2006-12-05 2012-03-29 주식회사 엘지화학 전기변색소자용 전극 및 이를 구비한 전기변색소자
TW201239495A (en) * 2011-03-25 2012-10-01 Jtouch Corp Electrochromic apparatus
KR20150076780A (ko) 2013-12-27 2015-07-07 한국전자통신연구원 전기 변색 소자 및 그 제조방법

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4303310A (en) * 1978-06-05 1981-12-01 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electrochromic display device
US5253100A (en) * 1984-08-31 1993-10-12 The Board Of Governors For Higher Education, State Of Rhode Island And Providence Plantations Solid electrolytes for conducting polymer-based color switchable windows and electronic display services
KR20030072123A (ko) * 2002-03-05 2003-09-13 주식회사 엘지이아이 전기변색소자 및 그 제조방법
CN1916669A (zh) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-21 三星电机株式会社 用于液体透镜的高可靠性液体
US20120113496A1 (en) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrochromic element and method of forming same
WO2014017656A1 (en) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. An electrochromic device and a method for manufacturing an electrochromic device
CN104487890A (zh) * 2012-07-23 2015-04-01 株式会社理光 电致变色装置和用于制造电致变色装置的方法
US20140063584A1 (en) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-06 Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. Electrochromic thin film, electrochromic device, and manufacturing method thereof
CN104834145A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-08-12 上方能源技术(杭州)有限公司 一种叠层电致变色玻璃及其应用

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109683416A (zh) * 2019-01-28 2019-04-26 青岛九维华盾科技研究院有限公司 一种双色可调电致变色薄膜器件
CN109683416B (zh) * 2019-01-28 2021-10-26 青岛九维华盾科技研究院有限公司 一种双色可调电致变色薄膜器件
CN112180646A (zh) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-05 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 图案化多彩薄膜，其制作方法及应用
CN112180646B (zh) * 2019-07-03 2022-06-17 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 图案化多彩薄膜，其制作方法及应用
CN110764331A (zh) * 2019-10-16 2020-02-07 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 一种超快响应、防过充电致变色器件及其制备方法
CN110764331B (zh) * 2019-10-16 2021-02-12 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 一种超快响应、防过充电致变色器件及其制备方法
CN112198731A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2021-01-08 基迈克材料科技（苏州）有限公司 电致变色膜系及电致变色器件

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20170104944A (ko) 2017-09-18
KR102010753B1 (ko) 2019-08-14
CN108369363B (zh) 2021-05-07
US20180373108A1 (en) 2018-12-27
US10877348B2 (en) 2020-12-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108369363A (zh) 电致变色装置
EP2555048B1 (en) Electrochromic device
KR20170101702A (ko) 전기변색 소자
KR102010755B1 (ko) 전기변색소자, 전기변색소자의 제조방법 및 그 투과율 제어방법
US10871696B2 (en) Electrochromic device
KR102038184B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
US11099450B2 (en) Electrochromic device
Da Rocha et al. Faradaic and/or capacitive: Which contribution for electrochromism in NiO thin films cycled in various electrolytes?
US10732476B2 (en) Electrochromic cell
CN101802700A (zh) 电致变色显示元件及其制造方法
Lin et al. Study of MoO3–NiO complementary electrochromic devices using a gel polymer electrolyte
US10935863B2 (en) Electrochromic device
US10353262B2 (en) Method for fabricating electrochromic device
WO2017155295A1 (ko) 전기변색 소자
KR102079142B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
KR102010734B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
KR102010754B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
KR102108562B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
US20230305351A1 (en) Electrochromic bi-layered devices for dynamic light throughput control and a process for the preparation thereof
KR102056599B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
KR102108553B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
KR102071901B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
KR102069486B1 (ko) 전기변색소자
JP2018138969A (ja) エレクトロクロミック素子

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant