CN108368611B

CN108368611B - Treatment device for pickling and phosphating of threads or thread parts, and treatment method and treatment installation for coating threads or thread parts

Info

Publication number: CN108368611B
Application number: CN201680064772.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 约阿希姆·舍恩贝格
Original assignee: Retomax AG
Current assignee: Retomax AG
Priority date: 2015-11-05
Filing date: 2016-11-07
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2036-11-07
Also published as: DE102015014304A1; US20180327910A1; CN108368611A; EP3640368A1; WO2017077124A1; EP3371341B1; KR20180080714A; HK1257948A1; ZA201802509B; EP3371341A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a treatment device (1) for treating a metallic treatment object (2), wherein the treatment object (2) is a wire or a wire component, wherein the treatment comprises at least an acid pickling and a phosphating of the treatment object (2), wherein a protective layer is produced on the surface of the treatment object (2) by phosphating, wherein the treatment device (1) comprises at least the following proposed means: a treatment container (4) for receiving a treatment object (2) and for receiving a flowable treatment substance (6); a pump device (10) for circulating at least a portion of the treatment substance (6), wherein at least a part of the treatment substance (2), in particular the entire treatment substance (2), is circulated by the treatment substance (6), wherein the treatment substance (6) is a phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution, in particular phosphoric acid, wherein the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution is formed from water, in particular VE water, on the one hand, and a reaction substance on the other hand; and the reaction mass is composed of phosphorus or phosphate and water and at least one additional process performance enhancing substance, in particular a process performance enhancing substance with one or more inhibitors, wherein the proportion of phosphorus or phosphate in the reaction mass is greater than 98% by volume and particularly preferably greater than 99% by volume, wherein the reaction mass preferably has no proportion of any hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid and preferably also no proportion of any fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, lead, mercury and selenium, and wherein the reaction mass is mixed with water in a predetermined ratio, wherein the predetermined ratio lies between a lower limit defined by mixing 1kg of reaction mass with 2 liters of water and an upper limit defined by mixing 1kg of reaction mass with 12 liters of water, particularly preferably 1kg of reaction mass with 6 liters of water.

Description

Treatment device for pickling and phosphating of threads or thread parts, and treatment method and treatment installation for coating threads or thread parts

Technical Field

The invention relates to a treatment plant for treating objects in a single stage, to a treatment plant, and to a treatment method for pickling and phosphating at least metallic treated objects.

Background

The treatment plants used hitherto for phosphating objects require a large number of work steps, in particular 7 work steps, and for this purpose have a plurality of different baths. The object is first inserted into a first tank, in which a first liquid for degreasing the object is provided. After degreasing, the objects must be transported out of the first tank and into a second tank. A rinsing liquid for rinsing the object is provided in the second tank. After rinsing, the objects are transferred to a third tank. The third tank is filled with a hydrochloric acid/sulfuric acid mixture. After the hydrochloric acid/sulfuric acid treatment, the object is successively transferred to two other tanks, which are filled with rinsing liquid, respectively, to rinse the object. Furthermore, the objects are conveyed after the last rinsing bath into a bath for passivation. After passivation, the object is phosphated and then transported to another location for drying. In such a plant, after a production time of about 6 to 8 weeks, the highly toxic and environmentally harmful chemicals in the degreasing tank and in the treatment tank must be completely replaced, since after this time the chemicals are lost and the accumulated sludge must be removed from the tank. This means plant outages and high replacement and waste disposal costs.

It is apparent that: the installations known from the prior art require on the one hand a considerable amount of space, since they have to provide six different tanks, and on the other hand a considerable variety of different chemicals in large quantities. Furthermore, the transfer of objects from one tank to the next requires secondly considerable time, corresponding transport facilities and operating personnel. Furthermore, the chemicals used are toxic or environmentally harmful, since, for example, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are used, so that either expensive safety measures have to be implemented or there is a high risk to personnel and the environment and also the construction of most steel workshops.

Furthermore, the treated workpiece or treated object should be prevented from hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement is usually carried out by hydrogen intrusion and intercalation into the metal lattice and can cause material fatigue. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when hydrogen atomic hydrogen is formed on a metal surface, either by hydrogen corrosion or, but in other chemical reactions in metal working where hydrogen participates in the other chemical reactions in the metal working, where the atomic hydrogen bonds to the material faster than hydrogen does not bond to an outgoing molecule without diffusion capability on the surface of the material. In this case, some of the hydrogen is incorporated into the metal lattice or accumulates at defects or at the crystal boundaries. Depending on the strain of the respective object, there is a risk of material failure, for example by introducing tensile residual stresses and/or tensile load stresses.

Disclosure of Invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a treatment plant and a treatment method, wherein at least one disadvantage and preferably a plurality of disadvantages and particularly preferably all of the aforementioned disadvantages of the treatment plants for phosphating objects known from the prior art are to be avoided by the treatment plant according to the present invention and the treatment method according to the present invention. It is particularly preferred that the surface properties of the treated object treated according to the invention should be improved.

The aforementioned object is achieved according to a first aspect of the present invention by a treatment apparatus for treating a metal treatment object, wherein the treatment object is a wire or a wire component, wherein the treatment comprises at least pickling and phosphating the treatment object, wherein a protective layer is produced on the surface of the treatment object by phosphating. The treatment plant, in particular a tank installation, according to the invention preferably comprises a treatment container for receiving the treatment bodies and for receiving the flowable treatment substance and a pump device for exchanging at least a portion of the treatment substance, wherein at least a part of the treatment bodies, in particular the entire treatment bodies, are circulated by the treatment substance, wherein the treatment substance is a phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution, in particular phosphoric acid, wherein the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution is composed of water on the one hand and a reaction substance on the other hand, wherein the reaction substance is composed of phosphorus or phosphate and preferably at least one additional treatment effect improving substance, in particular a treatment effect improving substance with one or more inhibitors and water, in particular VE water, wherein the portion of phosphorus or phosphate in the reaction substance is greater than 98% by volume and preferably greater than 98% by volume, and the treatment effect improving substance, in particular one or more inhibitors, are preferably present in an amount of between 0.1% and 2.5% by volume, preferably between 0.2% and 2% by volume, and particularly preferably between 0.5% and 1.5% by volume of the reaction mass. The other portion remaining in 100% by volume is preferably formed by water, in particular VE water. The reaction mass preferably has no proportions of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid and also preferably no proportions of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, lead, mercury and selenium. Furthermore, the reaction mass is mixed with water, in particular in a predetermined ratio, wherein the predetermined ratio lies between a lower limit and an upper limit, wherein the lower limit is defined by the mixture being a ratio of 1kg of reaction mass to 1 liter of water and the upper limit is defined by the mixture being a ratio of 1kg of reaction mass to 12 liters of water, the mixture being present in particular in a ratio of 1kg of reaction mass to 6 liters of water.

Thus, the reaction mass is preferably mixed with water, for example in a ratio between 1kg of reaction mass and 3 liters of water and 1kg of reaction mass and 9 liters of water, in particular in a ratio between 1kg of reaction mass and 5 liters of water and 1kg of reaction mass and 7 liters of water, in particular in a ratio of exactly or essentially 1kg of reaction mass and 5.5 liters of water, or in a ratio between exactly or essentially 1kg of reaction mass and 5.8 liters of water, or in a ratio between exactly or essentially 1kg of reaction mass and 6.2 liters of water, or in a ratio between exactly or essentially 1kg of reaction mass and 6.5 liters of water.

This solution is advantageous because a protective layer is produced which is also not damaged by the subsequent modification step, in particular the subsequent stretching step, but remains in place. The layer produced by means of the device according to the invention is elastic, so that it is adapted to the shaping, in particular stretching. Furthermore, the protective layer prevents, for example: the material of the treatment object oxidizes, whereby the treatment object treated by means of the apparatus according to the invention can be exposed to air for a significantly longer time than an untreated object.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a swirling device is provided for swirling up impurities, in particular solid particles, which accumulate in the treatment substance, the swirling device having at least one fluid supply device and a fluid conducting element having a plurality of outlet openings for delivering a swirling fluid to the treatment substance, wherein the swirling fluid can be delivered to the fluid conducting element by the fluid supply device at a pressure of more than 2bar, in particular at a pressure of more than 3bar, or more than 4bar, or more than 5bar, or more than 6bar, or more than 7bar, or up to 10bar, or up to 15bar, or up to 20 bar.

This solution is advantageous because no chemicals are used that are toxic or harmful to the environment. Furthermore, the treatment substance does not have to be replaced and removed every 6 to 8 weeks, since a facility configuration is achieved by the treatment apparatus according to the invention in which the chemicals used are continuously cleaned. The losses of the treatment substance due to evaporation and drag (Verschlepping) can be re-dosed by adding water and the reaction substance, whereby it is possible to reduce the number of treatment substance changes required per year to less than 4 changes, in particular to 2 changes or less than two changes, to 1 change or less than one change. Preferably, the treatment substance is only replaced when a predetermined concentration of dissolved iron is present in the treatment substance, wherein the replacement is preferably only performed when the concentration of dissolved iron is greater than 2%. Furthermore, by means of the solution according to the invention, the accumulation of contaminants or impurities, in particular sludge and/or metal particles or rust particles, is prevented and/or removed from the aggregates resulting from the accumulation. The agglomerates can be separated again by the swirling device, whereby the impurities can again be maintained as a suspension in the treatment substance. As a suspension, the impurities can then be removed from the receiving chamber by adding a portion of the treatment substance to the filter device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the fluid-conducting element forms a plurality of line sections which can be at least functionally or fluidically decoupled from one another by means of the valve device, wherein at least a majority of the line sections are arranged in the region of the bottom of the treatment container. In this case, each part of the processing container which is arranged or formed closer to the bottom than the opening formed on the upper side of the processing container can be considered as a region of the bottom. However, it is also conceivable for the fluid-conducting element to be formed as a component of the base or in the base, so that it is formed in sections or completely below the surface of the base which points toward the receiving space. Preferably, the fluid-conducting element is at least in sections spaced from the bottom of the receiving space by less than 50cm, preferably less than 30cm and particularly preferably less than 10 cm. Preferably, the or each discharge opening or a plurality of discharge openings or a small number of discharge openings, through which the treatment object can be introduced into the receiving chamber, are oriented downwards, that is to say towards the bottom, or are oriented sideways, that is to say in the direction of a wall or side wall of the receiving chamber, or are oriented upwards, that is to say towards an introduction opening of the receiving chamber, with the fluid-conducting element arranged above the bottom. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the discharge openings of different tubes are oriented in different directions. Furthermore, it is conceivable that each line section or pipe is provided with a first discharge opening and a second discharge opening, or that a first discharge opening and a second discharge opening are provided at the respective line section or pipe, the first discharge opening being oriented along a first direction and the second discharge opening being oriented along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are preferably oriented at least 10 ° and preferably at least 20 ° and particularly preferably at least 45 ° or at least 60 ° or at least 90 ° or at least 120 ° or at least 150 ° or up to 180 ° apart from each other. In addition, it is conceivable for a third outlet opening to be provided, which is oriented at an angle relative to the first outlet opening that differs from the angle between the first outlet opening and the second outlet opening. Similarly, this can apply to the fourth discharge opening and/or the fifth discharge opening, etc. This embodiment is advantageous because the introduction of the swirling fluid or fluid, in particular air, can be oriented such that the swirl generated by the swirling fluid effectively loosens the build-up.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the line section is formed by a pipe, in particular a pipe made of copper, aluminum, iron and/or plastic, in particular having a pipe diameter of between 2mm and 12mm, and preferably in a pipe diameter of between 3mm and 9mm, and particularly preferably in a pipe diameter of between 4mm and 6mm, wherein the pipe is coupled to or arranged on the bottom of the treatment vessel, wherein the pipes are connected to one another by means of at least one distribution unit, and wherein each valve device is preferably formed as a shut-off valve, in particular as a magnetic shut-off valve. The outlet opening is preferably designed as a bore, in particular a bore, and preferably has a diameter of between 0.5mm and 8mm, preferably between 1.5mm and 6mm, and particularly preferably between 2.5mm and 4mm, in particular exactly or substantially 3 mm.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the supply device is designed for supplying a gas, in particular air, at a pressure of less than at least 2 bar. In case the gas is air, the air preferably consists of ambient air from the surroundings of the device according to the invention. This embodiment is advantageous because ambient air is cost-free to prepare and, due to its low density, automatically moves through the treatment substance or automatically moves out of the movement substance. While traversing the treatment substance, the air causes a local displacement of the treatment substance, whereby the treatment substance moves, whereby a vortex can be induced.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a filter device is provided for filtering the treatment substance, wherein impurities are removed from the treatment substance by filtration, which impurities have already accumulated in the treatment substance. Preferably, a control device for operating the filter device and the swirling device is additionally provided. It is particularly preferred that the filter means and the swirling means are at least partially operable in relation to each other. This embodiment is advantageous because impurities can be removed very efficiently from the treatment substance by the interaction of the swirling device with the filter device.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the operation of the swirling device comprises, at least temporarily: providing a fluid, and operating the valve device, wherein the valve device can be operated according to a preset curve, in particular at programmed time intervals. It is thereby possible to connect each, a plurality or all of the valve devices in the guide element or each guide section in such a way that the fluid is fed to the treatment substance via all of the outlet openings which are in fluid connection with the open valve devices, preferably during a predetermined time period. However, it is also conceivable here for the individual or several valve devices to be connected in series, in particular in a pulsating manner. In particular, the individual valve devices are preferably controlled, however, by means of a preset program and/or preferably an adjustable distance switch (intervallschaldung) and/or as a function of the state data of the treatment substance detected by means of the sensor device. In this case, it is particularly preferred that the swirling device is activated and/or deactivated as a function of the sensor data. The sensor data can have data about the proportion of impurities in the floor region of the device and/or in one or more regions of the treatment container, for example. Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable that the swirling device can be activated and/or deactivated manually and/or by means of a remote operation.

Furthermore, the reaction mass particularly preferably has no hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid content. This is advantageous because by means of the invention a very simple treatment of the treatment object is possible. The treatment object must be essentially immersed only into the treatment substance, which must be acted upon and dried after removal from the bath. In particular, the protective layer is formed on the treatment object after drying by means of high-purity phosphorus or high-purity phosphate, so that it is protected against further attack (Ausbefall) over a longer period of time, in particular over several weeks, wherein this takes place without the passivation and subsequent phosphating which is necessary according to the prior art, and wherein in particular the protective layer produced is far superior to phosphating according to the prior art. This solution is furthermore advantageous because the treatment substance, by using which the MAK value (maximum working space concentration) is not exceeded and which does not cause corrosive vapors, is not flammable, so that no degassing is required.

Another advantage of the present invention is that by the treatment effect enhancing substance(s) used, significant protection of the material is created and welding capability is not compromised.

Yet another advantage is the versatile usability of the present invention. The invention can also be used, for example, for pretreatment and aftertreatment in quench workshops, or for removing oxide layers on aluminum. Furthermore, the invention makes it possible to avoid hard-hardening during the galvanic reprocessing of castings. Thus, the saving of the doctor blade is significant when the casting is skinned. Furthermore, the hydraulic pipes and pipe lines can be pickled directly at the construction site in a single process step, for example, without further flushing and neutralization.

Particularly preferably, by means of the treatment plant according to the invention, in addition to pickling and phosphating the treatment object, degreasing and/or descaling and/or preservation and/or decalcification of the treatment object is preferably likewise brought about.

The percentage data relating to the present invention are to be regarded as volume percentages unless otherwise stated in the subject matter of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be mentioned that the percentage data and the temperature data in ° c relate to the ambient pressure or normal pressure in relation to the invention, unless otherwise stated in the subject matter of the invention, and furthermore the data in ° c correspondingly also apply in kelvin. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present data regarding the physical units throughout the present disclosure need not be further elaborated, however, if a physical parameter should be changed, then it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the resulting changes in other physical variables may be adjusted accordingly without departing from the scope of the invention herein.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention results from the following description, in which a temperature control device is provided for controlling the temperature of a process substance which can be maintained in a process container, wherein the temperature of the process substance can be controlled in a defined manner by means of the temperature control device.

Preferred temperatures for the treatment of the substances are preferably higher than 0 ℃, in particular higher than or equal to 5 ℃, higher than or equal to 10 ℃, higher than or equal to 15 ℃, higher than or equal to 17 ℃, higher than or equal to 20 ℃, higher than or equal to 25 ℃, higher than or equal to 30 ℃, higher than or equal to 35 ℃, higher than or equal to 37 ℃, higher than or equal to 40 ℃, preferably between 20 ℃ and 60 ℃, and particularly preferably between 30 ℃ and 50 ℃. Preferably, the tempering of the treatment substance is a heating of the treatment substance, wherein, however, it is also conceivable that the tempering is a cooling. It is also conceivable that the treatment substance can be temporarily heated and can be temporarily cooled by the temperature control device. The temperature control device is preferably designed as an electric heating device, an electric cooling device and/or a heat exchanger system. The workflow can be controlled according to the temperature of the treatment substance. Purely exemplarily, the acceleration factor is 20:20C × 6 when degreasing rust. This means that the treatment object can become rust-free in a treatment carried out at 20 ℃ for 2 hours, or by means of a treatment at 40 ℃ for 20 minutes.

A particularly preferred operating temperature range is 35 ℃ to 45 ℃, which is advantageous because no pumping is required, because no corrosive or unhealthy steam is produced. However, it is conceivable to provide a suction device if, for example, the working space is extremely low or if the working space is not ventable.

Preferably, the phosphorus-and phosphate-containing solution consists of completely decalcified water and the reaction mass, wherein the fraction of reaction mass relative to the fraction of VE water is between 1:4 and 1:7, wherein the fraction of reaction mass to VE water is preferably 1:6 if the reaction mass is present in the solid state, or wherein the fraction of reaction mass to VE water is preferably 1:5 if the reaction mass is present in the liquid state.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reaction mass also has no fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, lead, mercury and selenium content, so that the device according to the invention operates without materials or substances harmful to health or to the environment.

The pump device is preferably designed as a circulation pump and preferably causes the treatment substance to circulate inside the treatment container. Alternatively or additionally, however, it is conceivable that a system for generating a flow in a gate dam is provided

The pump apparatus of (1). Preferably, one or more nozzles are coupled to the pump device, through which the treatment substance is discharged in particular into the treatment container, in particular for bath circulation.

The treatment container can preferably be constructed in any of various sizes. It is particularly preferred that the treatment container has a material or a material mixture on the inside, that is to say on the side which is in contact with the treatment substance, which material or material mixture is not attacked by the treatment substance. Preferred materials here are, among others, for example, high-grade steel, GVP, PVC. However, it is also conceivable that not only the surface of the treatment container which is in contact with the treatment substance is formed from this material, but also additional elements of the treatment container, in particular the entire treatment container, are likewise formed from this material or material mixture.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a filter device for filtering the process substance is provided, wherein impurities enriched in the process substance are removed from the process substance by filtration. This embodiment is advantageous because the treatment substance can be cleaned or purified continuously or temporarily in the treatment vessel.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment container is coupled to at least two receiving chambers, wherein the first receiving chamber is a buffer receiving chamber, preferably formed below the treatment container, for receiving a specific quantity of the treatment substance, and wherein the second receiving chamber is a temperature control chamber, preferably formed laterally to the treatment container, wherein the temperature control device is arranged at least partially in the temperature control chamber. The first receiving chamber or buffer chamber can be used, for example, to maintain a desired volume of the process substance. Furthermore, it is conceivable for the first receiving space or the buffer space to be used for receiving or storing the sediment. The sediment can be, for example, fractions or particles which detach from the treatment object during the treatment. The temperature control chamber is preferably arranged laterally next to the treatment container, since this allows extremely good accessibility to the temperature control device. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable for the temperature control device to be formed or arranged in the first receiving space or in the buffer space, i.e. to be arranged or formed below the treatment container. This embodiment is advantageous because the individual portions of the treatment substance can reach different functional regions or the receiving space and the main receiving space without damaging devices, such as temperature control devices, which are formed or arranged in one or more receiving regions, by colliding with the treatment object.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment container is separated by a wall from a collecting chamber for collecting the treatment substance flowing through the wall, wherein the treatment substance collected in the collecting chamber can be transported back into the treatment container by means of a conveying device, in particular by means of a pump device, via a conveying line. This embodiment is advantageous because particles which collect on the surface of the treatment substance and which are detached from the treatment object and/or foam and/or other material concentrates which form on the surface of the treatment substance can be conducted out of the treatment container and preferably can be fed to the filter device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the pump device and the filter device form part of a feed line, and the fed treatment substance is preferably fed from the pump device or by means of the pump device through the filter device. This embodiment is advantageous because with this arrangement the pump means causes the treatment substance to be transported through the filter means and at least partly causes the treatment substance to circulate in the treatment vessel.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the or one feed line is designed such that a sluice dam can be produced, preferably by feeding the treatment substance back into the treatment container, for discharging a portion of the treatment substance out of the treatment container and into the collection chamber. This embodiment is advantageous because the transport of the treatment substance through the filter device can be brought about by means of the preferred pump device, at least in part by circulation of the treatment substance in the treatment vessel and by the establishment of a sluice-dam flow.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a dosing device is provided for adjusting the composition of the treatment substance, wherein the treatment substance is composed of a mixture of a plurality of components. Preferably, the metering device is coupled directly or indirectly via a control device to one or more sensor devices, wherein the sensor devices preferably enable monitoring or analysis of the composition of the treatment substance and/or monitoring of the volume or residual quantity or filling level of the treatment substance present in the treatment container.

The dosing device compensates for losses, in particular evaporation and/or soaking losses, in particular by adding a treatment substance corresponding to the amount of treatment substance lost. Preferably, the components forming the treatment substance, in particular VE water, the reaction substance and the treatment effect enhancing substance are added by means of a dosing device. The addition of the components forming the treatment substance is preferably carried out in fixed proportions, in particular in proportions in which the individual components are also arranged in the treatment vessel, or in other fixed proportions. It is also conceivable that the treatment substance to be added is already added in the form of a prepared mixture or a prepared solution.

The sensor device can preferably be designed as a device for carrying out a titration, that is to say for determining the concentration. However, it is also conceivable to dose and introduce the substance into the treatment substance partially, temporarily or always manually.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the portion of the reaction substance relative to the portion of VE water is between 1:4 and 1:7, wherein the portion of the reaction substance and the portion of VE water are preferably 1:6 if the reaction substance is mixed with VE water in the solid state, or wherein the portion of the reaction substance and the portion of VE water are preferably 1:5 if the reaction substance is mixed with VE water in the liquid state.

Preferably, the losses are also replaced by a fixed ratio of the various substances. The preferred substance(s) is/are thus a flowable, preferably liquid or solid, reaction substance(s) which is/are preferably mixed with a diluting substance, i.e. for example water, in particular desalinated or distilled water or completely decalcified water (VE water). Preferred mixing ratios of the reaction mass to the diluent mass, in particular VE water, are here also, for example, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:5.5, 1:6, 1:6.5, 1:7.5, 1:8, 1:8.5, 1: 9.

The mixing of the solution or mixture of one or more additional substances, in particular one or more liquids, in particular VE water, and/or one or more preferably soluble additives, with the treatment substance is preferably carried out automatically or manually as a function of the value generated by the sensor. Furthermore, it is conceivable to supply additional substances, in particular for degreasing by pickling and/or defoaming, to the treatment substance. Preferably, the additional substance is added to the treatment substance in the range of about 0.5% to 10%, in particular 1% to 5%, by volume of the treatment substance. The use of VE water is preferred here, since a substantially constant or a constant surface quality is thereby obtained on the treatment object.

The use of an acid-washing degreaser is advantageous because impurities such as light grease, dirt, oil, carbon and graphite can be removed in the same process by adding it to the treatment substance.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment substance is a phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution, in particular phosphoric acid, wherein the phosphorus or phosphate content of the solution is preferably highly pure, i.e. more than 75%, in particular more than 75%, 80%, 82%, 85% and preferably exactly or essentially 86%, wherein volume percentages are referred to here. Due to the purity of the phosphorus or phosphate content of the treatment substance according to the invention, the treatment substance is approximately free of impurities, so that a corresponding protective layer is formed on the treatment object.

The pH of the reaction mass is preferably substantially 1, the density of the reaction mass is preferably 1.8 at a temperature of 20c and the ignition point of the reaction mass is preferably 280 c or preferably above 280 c.

In the case of a treatment object having or consisting of aluminum, the treatment substance preferably has VE water and preferably, in addition to VE water, also has a reactive substance in an amount of 1% to 10%, in particular 3% to 5%, of the amount of VE water. The exposure time, i.e. the time during which the treatment object is exposed to the treatment container of the treatment substance, is preferably from 0.5 minutes up to 20 minutes, and particularly preferably from 1 minute up to 10 minutes, when the bath temperature is from 40 ℃ to 45 ℃, that is to say when the treatment substance is tempered to a temperature of from 40 ℃ to 45 ℃. The reaction mass here preferably consists of phosphoric acid, water, in particular VE water (i.e. completely desalinated water), and inhibitors.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment substance has an additional substance for acid cleaning degreasing, or such an additional substance is added to the treatment substance, wherein the acid cleaning degreasing additive preferably has an aqueous solution composed of a nonionic biodegradable surfactant and an inhibitor, in particular butynediol, and wherein the acid cleaning degreasing additive is added in a volume of 0.5% to 7% of the volume of the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution or of the treatment substance.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment substance has an additional substance for defoaming, wherein the defoaming additional substance preferably has triisobutylphosphate, and wherein the defoaming additional substance is added to the treatment substance in a volume of 0.01% to 5%, in particular 0.1% to 1%, of the volume of the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution or treatment substance, or in a volume of 0.01% to 5%, in particular 0.1% to 1%, of the volume of the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution or treatment substance to which the degreasing additional substance is added, in particular in a volume of 0.01% to 5%, in particular 0.1% to 1%, of the volume of the treatment substance.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a control device is provided, wherein the control device controls the temperature control device such that the process substance is controlled to a target temperature or a target temperature curve, and/or wherein the control device controls the pump device such that the process substance is conveyed at a target flow rate or a target flow characteristic, and/or the control device controls the filter device such that the filtered portion of the process substance has a target purity, and/or the control device controls the dosing device such that a target composition of the process substance can be adjusted.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an ultrasonic device for applying a treatment object and/or a treatment substance is provided in or on the treatment container. Preferably, at least a portion of the treatment object is caused to move by ultrasonic loading. This is advantageous because the treatment object, which is designed as a wire or coil, has surfaces which bear against one another and which cannot come into contact with the treatment substance without the surfaces moving relative to one another.

It is also contemplated that, according to another embodiment or a plurality of other embodiments, the treatment apparatus has one or more oil separation systems, ultrasonic systems, high pressure systems, rotating and lifting devices, and/or a complete decalcified water supply system.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a degreasing bath can be provided, in particular for degreasing treatment objects having an unusually high fat content, which degreasing bath is connected in particular upstream of the treatment container. This embodiment is advantageous because the treatment substance in the degreasing bath is preferably capable of being heated to a temperature which is higher than the preferred operating temperature or treatment temperature of the treatment substance in the treatment vessel. Preferably, the temperature in the degreasing bath is greater than 50 ℃, in particular greater than 52 ℃ and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 60 ℃. This embodiment is advantageous because only very heavily oiled or greased treatment objects can be introduced into the degreasing bath which is suitable for degreasing and is tempered. This has a significant energy advantage, since the tempering of the degreasing bath, which is heated to preferably more than 50 ℃, preferably does not have to be carried out permanently or only temporarily. Furthermore, if the temperature of the treatment substance is below a threshold temperature, in particular below 52 ℃, or the heating does not exceed this threshold temperature, the formation of water vapor in the region of the treatment vessel of the treatment apparatus according to the invention can be prevented.

The invention also relates to a method for treating an object to be treated, in particular a metal, by at least pickling and phosphating. The method according to the invention preferably comprises the following steps: providing a treatment container for accommodating at least one treatment object and for accommodating a flowable treatment substance, wherein no further treatment container is used for degreasing and phosphating; introducing a treatment substance into the treatment vessel; and introducing the treatment object into a treatment vessel which is at least partially filled with a treatment substance to bring the treatment object into contact with the treatment substance, wherein at least an acid washing and a phosphating of the treatment object is brought about by the contact between the treatment substance and the treatment object, wherein the treatment substance is a phosphorus-containing or phosphate-containing solution, in particular phosphoric acid; wherein the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution is composed of completely decalcified water on the one hand and of the reaction mass on the other hand, wherein the reaction mass is composed of phosphorus or phosphate and water, in particular VE water, and preferably an additional treatment effect-enhancing substance, wherein the proportion of phosphorus or phosphate in the reaction mass is at least 75%, wherein the proportion of phosphorus or phosphate in the reaction mass is between 75% and 94% by volume, and preferably between 80% and 90% by volume, and particularly preferably between 83% and 88% by volume. Preferably, the reaction mass has in particular no hydrochloric acid and no sulfuric acid content.

The treatment method according to the invention is advantageous in that a closed circuit is achieved, which circuit makes no flushing process necessary, so that no objects need to be transported into the flushing basin. The method according to the invention is furthermore most advantageous, since a very thorough, protective and rapid treatment of the treatment object is achieved, in particular with respect to mechanical treatment methods. Furthermore, this solution is advantageous because the treatment substance, by using which the MAK value (maximum working space concentration) is not exceeded and which does not cause corrosive vapors, is not flammable, so that no suction device is required.

The method according to the invention preferably further comprises the steps of: taking out the processing object from the processing container; swirling up impurities transferred to the treatment substance by the treatment object by means of a swirling device, wherein a swirling fluid is delivered to the treatment substance by the swirling device in order to swirl the impurities; conveying the treated material with the impurities which rise by swirling to a filtering device; filtering off impurities from the fraction of the treatment substance supplied to the filter device; the treatment object is reintroduced into the treatment container at least partially filled with the treatment substance so that the treatment object is brought into contact with the filtered treatment substance, or another treatment object is introduced into the treatment container at least partially filled with the treatment substance so that the treatment object is brought into contact with the filtered treatment substance.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a control device is provided for operating the filter device and/or the swirling device. Preferably, the filter device is operated at least temporarily in connection with the operation of the swirling device, or wherein the operation of the swirling device is performed at least temporarily in connection with the operation of the filter device. Preferably, operation of the vortex device comprises, at least temporarily, providing a fluid or a vortex fluid and operating the valve device. Preferably, the valve device is actuated according to a preset profile, in particular at programmed time intervals. This solution is advantageous because impurities can be very quickly or efficiently filtered out of the treatment substance.

Preferably, the treatment object together with the treatment substance remains in the treatment container for more than 5 minutes, in particular more than 10 minutes, and preferably between 20 minutes and 120 minutes, in particular between 30 minutes and 90 minutes.

The method according to the invention is particularly preferably brought about by: i.e. the treatment object is exposed to the treatment substance, and degreasing and/or descaling and/or preservation and/or decalcification of the treatment object is likewise carried out, in addition to pickling and phosphating, in particular to produce a protective layer.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a nonporous protective layer is produced on the surface of the treatment object by means of the treatment substance, in particular by means of the reaction substance, in order to prevent hydrogen embrittlement, wherein the protective layer has a thickness of at least 2 μm and preferably at least 3 μm. In particular, the nonporous protective layer protects the treatment object from oxygen and water, so that rust attack is effectively prevented.

Preferably, a protective layer, in particular a phosphate layer, in particular an iron phosphate layer, is formed on the material surface of the treatment object (in particular consisting of iron or standard steel) by the treatment method according to the invention, in particular after a drying time of 3 hours to 48 hours, in particular 6 hours to 24 hours, in particular in ambient air, or after a drying duration of about 5 minutes to 60 minutes, in particular about 20 minutes, in an oven of 70 ℃ to 150 ℃, in particular about or exactly 100 ℃. The protective layer produced is preferably between 2 μm and 10 μm thick, in particular greater than or exactly 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm thick. Particularly preferably, the protective layer has a thickness of 2 μm to 20 μm and preferably 3 μm to 18 μm and particularly preferably 8 μm to 15 μm. The protective layer preferably has no or substantially no pores and is particularly preferably non-porous. Furthermore, the protective layer is elastic and particularly preferably adapts to temperature fluctuations of-60 ℃ to 750 ℃ and particularly preferably of-40 ℃ to 680 ℃ without delaminating in this case, wherein the protective layer preferably has a high bending capacity, in particular up to 180 ° or more than 180 ° (for example in iron bars). The protective layer can be an excellent substrate for further treatments, in particular for dyeing treatments, which can follow the method according to the invention, for example. Preferably, the protective layer reacts neutrally and does not chemically combine with the hydraulic fluid. Other very important advantages of the method according to the invention are that the treatment of the object by the protective layer does not lead to rust damage and that the material detachment during pickling is preferably less than 10g/qm, in particular less than 5g/qm, and particularly preferably 2.24g/qm or less than 2.24 g/qm.

Furthermore, the treatment method according to the invention preferably likewise has the following steps: the temperature of the treatment substance which can be maintained in the treatment container is regulated and/or a flow of at least a part of the treatment substance is generated, wherein at least a part of the treatment objects is circulated by the treatment substance.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment substance which can be maintained in the treatment container is tempered by means of a tempering device, wherein the temperature of the treatment substance is tempered in a defined manner by means of the tempering device, and wherein a flow is induced by means of the pump device to move at least a part of the treatment substance, wherein at least a part of the treatment objects is circulated by the treatment substance.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment substance is filtered by means of a filter device, wherein impurities which have been enriched in the treatment substance are removed from the treatment substance by filtration.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment container is separated by a wall from a collecting chamber for collecting the treatment substance flowing through the wall, wherein the treatment substance collected in the collecting chamber can be fed back into the treatment container by means of a feed device, in particular by means of a pump device, via a feed line.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the treatment method according to the invention, the pump device and the filter device form part of a feed line, and the fed treatment substance is fed by the pump device through the filter device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the treatment method according to the invention, the conveying line is designed such that a sluice-dam flow is generated by the treatment substance conveyed back into the treatment container, said sluice-dam flow serving to discharge a portion of the treatment substance out of the treatment container and into the collection chamber.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the treatment method according to the invention, the composition of the treatment substance is controlled by means of a dosing device, wherein the treatment substance consists of a mixture of a plurality of components.

According to a further preferred embodiment, for producing a protective layer on a treatment object formed as a wire or wire component, one or more treatment devices according to one of the embodiments are provided, wherein the protective layer has a thickness of 1 μm to 20 μm and preferably 3 μm to 18 μm or particularly preferably 8 μm to 15 μm and comprises at least a deformation device, particularly a stretching device, for treating the treatment object, and wherein preferably a transport device is provided for transporting the treatment object treated by means of the treatment device according to one of the embodiments to the deformation device.

In terms of method, according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the following steps are likewise subject matter of the method according to the invention: the treatment object is removed from the treatment container and is deformed, in particular stretched, by means of a deformation device, in particular with the protective layer remaining intact. Preferably, the following steps can also be the subject of the method according to the invention: drying the treatment object, in particular by means of a drying oven, wherein this step is preferably carried out before the retrofitting and after the treatment by means of the treatment plant.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, an additional substance for acid cleaning degreasing and/or an additional substance for defoaming is added to the treatment substance, wherein the acid cleaning degreasing additive preferably has an aqueous solution composed of a nonionic biodegradable surfactant and an inhibitor, in particular butynediol, and wherein the acid cleaning degreasing additive is added in a volume of 0.5% to 7% of the volume of the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution or of the treatment substance, and wherein the defoaming additive preferably has triisobutylphosphate, and wherein the defoaming additive is added to the treatment substance in a volume of 0.1% to 1% of the volume of the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution or of the treatment substance doped with the acid cleaning degreasing additive.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature control device is controlled by means of a control device in such a way that the process substance is controlled to a target temperature or a target temperature profile, and/or the pump device is controlled by means of a control device in such a way that the process substance is conveyed at a target flow rate or a target flow characteristic, and/or the filter device is controlled by means of a control device in such a way that the filtered portion of the process substance has a target purity, and/or the metering device is controlled by means of a control device in such a way that a target composition of the process substance can be adjusted, and/or the swirling device, in particular the provision device and/or the valve device, in particular the fluid conducting element and/or the valve device of the provision device, is controlled by means of a control device in such a way: impurities, in particular solid particles, for example metal particles, in particular rust particles, which are present in, in particular precipitated in, the treatment substance, are swirled or swirled up.

The invention is preferably also implemented by a processing plant. Preferably, the treatment plant according to the invention comprises: at least one or more of the treatment devices mentioned above or below and described below, in particular one or more of the treatment devices configured according to one of the embodiments for producing a protective layer on a treatment object, wherein the protective layer preferably has a thickness of 1 μm to 20 μm and preferably 3 μm to 18 μm or preferably 8 μm to 15 μm; and at least one further deformation device for treating the treatment object. Preferably, the treatment object, which is configured as a wire or as a wire part, is deformed, in particular stretched, by the deforming device.

The use of the word "substantially" is preferably defined in all cases where the word is used in the scope of the invention: a deviation in the range of 1% to 30%, in particular 1% to 20%, in particular 1% to 10%, in particular 1% to 5%, in particular 1% to 2% of the determined value which results without the use of this word.

Drawings

Individual or all views of the drawings described below can preferably be regarded as structural drawings, that is to say the dimensions, proportions, functional relationships and/or arrangements resulting from one or more drawings preferably correspond exactly or preferably substantially to the dimensions, proportions, functional relationships and/or arrangements of the device according to the invention or of the product according to the invention.

Further advantages, objects and features of the invention will be elucidated on the basis of the following description of the drawing, in which a processing device according to the invention is exemplarily shown. The elements of the device and the method according to the invention which are at least substantially identical with respect to their function in the figures can be denoted by the same reference numerals, wherein these elements or elements are not necessarily denoted or illustrated by numerals in all figures. The invention is described below purely by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In which is shown:

fig. 1 shows a first view of a treatment device according to the invention in an inactivated state;

fig. 2 shows a second view of the processing device according to the invention in an active state;

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of another treatment apparatus according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a further treatment device according to the invention;

fig. 5 shows a further perspective view of the treatment device according to the invention shown in fig. 4;

fig. 6 shows a perspective detail view of a part of the handling device according to the invention shown in fig. 4 and 5;

fig. 7 shows a first plan view of the treatment device according to the invention shown in fig. 4 to 6;

fig. 8 shows a second plan view of the treatment device according to the invention shown in fig. 4 to 6;

fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the main underside of the treatment device according to the invention shown in fig. 4 to 8;

fig. 10a shows a first schematic side view of the treatment apparatus according to the invention shown in fig. 4 to 9;

fig. 10b shows a second schematic side view of the treatment apparatus according to the invention shown in fig. 4 to 9;

FIG. 11 shows a scanning electron micrograph of a steel sheet which has been treated by means of a method according to the invention;

figure 12 shows an enlarged view of the scanning electron micrograph of figure 11,

fig. 13 shows an example of a swirling device as it is preferably provided according to the invention in a treatment vessel according to any of fig. 1 to 10;

figure 14 shows purely by way of example a swirling device known from figure 13 arranged purely by way of example in a treatment vessel,

figure 15 shows a side view of the apparatus according to the invention and a swirling device preferably arranged therein,

FIG. 16 shows a treatment plant according to the invention with a treatment plant for pickling and phosphating and a deformation apparatus; and

figure 17 shows a view of the surface properties of a wire or wire section treated according to the invention in a longitudinal blade.

Detailed Description

In fig. 1 a treatment device 1 according to the invention is shown. The treatment plant 1 is used for treating, in particular for degreasing, pickling, phosphating, descaling, preserving and descaling, one or more treatment objects 2. The treatment object 2 is preferably introduced into the treatment container 4 of the treatment apparatus 1 from above. The treatment container 4 is preferably at least partially and particularly preferably completely filled with a treatment substance 6. Furthermore, a temperature control device 8 is preferably provided for temperature control, in particular for heating the treatment substance 6. Furthermore, at least one pump device 10 is preferably provided for circulating the treatment substance 6 and/or for establishing a lock dam flow 20 and/or for feeding back the treatment substance exiting from the treatment container 4 into the treatment container 4. The processing container 6 is separated from the collection chamber 14 by means of a wall 12. By means of the flow established in the treatment container 4, the treatment liquid 6 leaves from the treatment container 4 via the wall 12 into the collection chamber 14. However, it is also conceivable for the treatment substance or liquid 6 to be subjected to displacement by introducing the treatment object 2 into the treatment chamber 4, so that a portion of the treatment substance 6 is removed from the treatment container 4 via the wall 12. Reference numeral 16 denotes a feed line by means of which the treatment substance 6 leaving the treatment container 4 is fed back into the treatment container 4. In the region of the feed line 16 or in the feed line 16 or as part of the feed line 16, a filter device 18 is preferably provided for filtering or purifying the treatment substance 6. It is conceivable here for the pump device 10 or another pump device (not shown) to be arranged or formed in the extension of the feed line 16. Furthermore, a pump filter device can be provided, which can either replace the pump device and/or the filter device or can be formed in addition thereto. Furthermore, it can be seen from the figures that the processing container 4 preferably has at least one main receiving chamber 22, a first auxiliary receiving chamber 24 and a second auxiliary receiving chamber 26. The

individual receiving chambers

22, 24, 26 are separated from one another by a barrier 27, in particular a grid. The barrier 27 here prevents: the treatment object 2 can enter one of the

secondary accommodation chambers

24, 26. Reference numeral 28 denotes a nozzle by means of which a flow of the treatment substance 6 can be generated. Fig. 1 also shows an ultrasound device 11 which applies ultrasound to the treatment substance 6. The ultrasound device 11 can be arranged in or on the treatment container 4. By the ultrasonic loading of the ultrasonic device 11, the treatment object 2, in particular a wire, in particular a coil, is preferably moved or set in vibration such that the treatment substance 6 also reaches the surfaces of the treatment object 2, which may come into contact with other surfaces without ultrasonic loading, so that the treatment substance 6 cannot come into contact with these surfaces. Additionally or alternatively, the ultrasound device can be arranged on a holding device which accommodates the wire or the coil.

Fig. 2 shows the view known from fig. 1, wherein the treatment object 2 according to the view is arranged in the treatment container 4 so as to come into contact with the treatment substance 6.

Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of the treatment device 1 according to the invention, in particular for coil treatment. The processing device 1 shown in fig. 3 has, by way of example, a receiving rack 40 which preferably carries a plurality of coils 39 to be processed. The receiving rack 40 is arranged on a delivery point 41, wherein preferably a plurality of receiving racks 40 and a plurality of delivery points 41 are provided. Furthermore, the treatment plant 1 preferably has a plurality of, in particular 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more treatment baths 42. In the treatment basin 42, preferably, a plurality of coils 39, in particular 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more coils 39 can be introduced for simultaneous treatment, in particular simultaneously. Reference numeral 43 denotes a preferably purely optional device, namely a stationary bath. It is conceivable here for a plurality of coils 39, in particular 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more coils, to be introduced simultaneously into the stationary bath 43. It is also conceivable to provide more stationary basins 43. The processed coil 39 may be disposed at an output location 44 for output. The processed coils 39 are preferably transported to the respective output point 44 by means of a transport device 45, in particular a transport carriage or a rail-guided gantry crane. Furthermore, a plurality of devices for supplying, controlling and regulating the treatment installation 1 are preferably provided. The embodiment shown therefore has, for example, a press belt filter 46, a metering device 47, a VE water purification device 48, a control device 49, a further press belt filter 50, a storage tank for a treatment basin 51 and a plurality of side channel compressors 52, in particular 8 pieces. The metering device 47 is preferably automated and particularly preferably has a buffer tank with a diameter preferably greater than 5m³Especially preferably more than 10m³And most preferably greater than or exactly 20m³The volume of (a).

Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a treatment device 1 according to the invention. The treatment device 1 is preferably L-shaped, that is to say it comprises a treatment container 4, wherein the treatment container 4 has a first interior space section which preferably extends perpendicularly to a second interior space section. Preferably, one interior space section is longer than the other interior space section, wherein it is likewise conceivable for the interior space sections to be equally long or substantially equally long. The illustrated structural form realizes, for example: handling curved elements such as tubes, carriers, cladding etc. The treatment container 4 preferably has at least one or exactly one wall 12, wherein a region into which the treatment substance to be treated is introduced is separated by the wall 12 from the collecting chamber 14. The collection chamber 14 is preferably used for collecting the process substance exiting from the process chamber via the wall 12.

Reference numeral 10 designates a pump device which is used, inter alia, to generate a flow inside the process substance to be introduced into the process chamber. Reference numeral 18 denotes a filter device 18 for filtering or purifying a treatment substance.

The movement or flow of the treatment substance is brought about by means of

nozzles

28a, 28b and 29a, 29b, 29c (see fig. 5), from which the treatment substance delivered by means of the pump device 10 is pumped into the treatment chamber.

The enclosure 61 surrounds or encloses the nozzles 29a to 29 c. Preferably, three rows with two

nozzles

28a, 28b and three rows with three

nozzles

29a, 29b, 29c are provided, wherein it is also conceivable that exactly one or at least one nozzle 28 and/or 29 is provided. Particularly preferably, the nozzle 28 is oriented obliquely, in particular vertically, to the nozzle 29.

Reference numeral 60 denotes a main suction line, by means of which the treatment substance is conducted out of the treatment chamber, in particular is drawn off, via the outlets 57a-57g (see fig. 7). The discharged treatment substance is preferably purified by means of the filter device 18 and is fed back into the treatment chamber by means of the pump device 10 via the nozzles 28 and 29.

The treatment apparatus 1 is preferably dimensioned toIt is determined that a setting surface of 5100mm × 3800mm is required. Preferably, the treatment device 1 comprises substantially up to, at least or exactly 14m³The cell volume of (a). The useful volume of the treatment apparatus 1 according to the invention is preferably 3400mm × 3000mm × 1500mm, and the height of the overflow opening to the upper edge is preferably 200 mm.

Fig. 5 shows a further view of the previously mentioned embodiment of the treatment device 1 according to the invention. As can be seen from this view, the nozzle arrangement of the nozzles 29a to 29c or 3 × 3 is preferably mounted in a hood box (Tasche)61 in the wall of the treatment vessel 4, in order preferably not to disturb or impair the useful surfaces. Preferably, the nozzles 28a to 28b are likewise mounted in a housing in the other wall of the treatment vessel 4, preferably so as not to interfere with or damage the useful surfaces. The housing 61 is preferably provided with a crash protection, not illustrated, in order to avoid damage to the insert.

Furthermore, a further filter device 19 is shown, wherein the further filter device 19 is preferably designed as a coarse filter. In a particularly preferred manner, the treatment substance to be purified is first withdrawn from the treatment container, then fed to a further filter device 19, then conducted through the pump 10, then conducted through the filter device 18, which is preferably designed as a bag filter, and then fed back into the treatment container via the nozzles 28, 29.

Furthermore, the figures show that the bottom of the treatment container 4 has

surface portions

53, 54, 55, 56 which are inclined with respect to the horizontal. Preferably, the face portions 53-54 and 55-56 are respectively arranged such that they constitute linear contact areas with each other in the region of the low points viewed in relation to the vertical direction. The contact region is preferably located here at a level below that of the contact region between the wall of the container, which extends in the vertical direction on the outside, and the respective face or

bottom part

53, 54. The surface or

base parts

53, 54 or 55, 56 thus preferably form grooves, through which the treatment substance and the foreign particles are guided in a targeted manner to one or more outlets. The face portions 53 to 56 are preferably oriented at a slope of 2 ° to 25 ° relative to the horizontal, and particularly preferably at a slope of 6 ° to 15 ° and most preferably at a slope of on the substrate or exactly 10 °.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a preferably provided temperature control device. The thermostat 8 preferably has 8, in particular approximately 2KW, electric heating elements. The heating element is preferably likewise mounted in the housing 61 in the wall so as not to disturb or impair the preferably desired useful surface. The heating power of the temperature control device is preferably designed for a waslink facility (20 m)³20KW heating power).

Fig. 6 shows in particular a detail of the housing 61, in which the nozzles 29a to 29c and the temperature control device 8 are preferably arranged.

Fig. 7 shows a first part of the grooves 62 and a second part 63 of the grooves 62 and grooves 62 produced from the

bottom parts

53, 54 and 55, 56 of the treatment container 4 which are oriented obliquely to one another. The grooves preferably also extend into the collection chamber 14. Particularly preferably, outlets 57a to 57f, in particular a plurality of outlets, for the outflow or extraction of the treatment substances from the treatment chamber are provided in the groove or in the region of the groove. It is also preferred that at least one outlet 57g is provided in the collection chamber 14 for the outflow or withdrawal of the treatment substance from the collection chamber 14. The outlets 57a to 57g are preferably fluidly connected to the main suction line 61 via a connecting line.

Not shown is a grid, which preferably overlaps the bottom 53, 54, 55, 56 of the treatment chamber in a horizontally or vertically oriented manner with the side walls of the treatment container 4, wherein the grid is spaced apart from the bottom, in particular by more than 20mm and preferably by more than 50mm and particularly preferably by more than 100mm, wherein the grid is particularly preferably spaced apart from the bottom of the treatment container by a maximum of 500 mm. The grid preferably has the function of spacing the treatment objects introduced into the treatment chamber from the bottom of the treatment chamber, so that particles falling off from the treated treatment objects can collect below the treatment objects, so that they can always be sucked in.

Fig. 8 shows a portion of the main suction line 60 and the connecting tubes 58a-58g through which the outlets 57a-57g are connected to the main suction line 60. The entire suction line, which preferably consists of at least the connecting lines 58a-58g and the main line 60, is preferably constructed in a detachable manner. This is advantageous in particular for cleaning the various parts of the entire suction line.

Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the underside of a treatment device 1 according to the invention. From this view, in particular, the connecting lines 58a-58g connecting the outlet and the main suction line can be seen.

Fig. 10a and 10b show different side views of the treatment device 1 according to the invention shown in fig. 4 to 9.

Fig. 11 and 12 each show a steel sheet which has been treated by means of the method according to the invention and in which a closed surface structure consisting of phosphorus accumulated on the steel sheet is produced as a result. Scanning electron micrographs were created by the fraunhofer institute with the specific details mentioned in the figures:

IFAM

GEMINI

resolution ratio: 10 μm

EHT＝10.00kV

WD＝12.3mm

Signal a ═ SE2

Signal B ═ InLens

Signal 0.5000

As can be seen from the resolution of less than 10 μm: the structure in the photograph, although it is approximately relief-like in photography, however, on account of the strong magnification, it is obvious to the person skilled in the art that a smooth and closed surface structure of accumulated phosphorus is produced on the steel plate. The closed surface structure made of phosphorus results from the use of pure phosphorus and can be used for further processing in a retrofit device, in particular a stretching device. This is particularly advantageous in the following respects: the accumulated phosphorus layer is connected to the steel plate without gaps, as a result of which: the steel sheet is rust-proof.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic top view of one example of a vortex device 70. The swirling device 70 can be formed as a fixed component of the treatment container 4 or can be detachably connected to such a treatment container 4. The swirling device 70 preferably comprises a fluid conducting element 74, which is preferably constituted by one or more pipe sections 80a-80 e. The individual line sections 80a to 80e can be formed by lines, in particular hoses or rigid tubes. Preferably, each conduit section 80a-80e has a plurality of discharge openings 76 through which swirling fluid deliverable to the fluid conducting element 74 via the fluid providing device 72 can again exit or drain from the fluid conducting element 74. The individual line sections (preferably tubes) are particularly preferably connected or coupled to the distribution device 84. Preferably, each line section 80a to 80e is connected or coupled to a valve device 78, in particular a magnetic block valve. Preferably, the valve arrangements 78 are respectively disposed between the valve arrangement 84 and the first drain 76 in the fluid flow direction of the swirling fluid directed through the fluid conducting elements. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a plurality of line sections 80a-80e are coupled to a common valve device 78, or that a common valve device 78, in particular a shut-off valve, for example a magnetic block valve, is provided for a plurality of line sections. Preferably, the control device 86 and/or the pulse generator device 86 are connected to the valve device 84. The control device 86 preferably causes one, individual, several, most or all of the valve devices 78, in particular the shut-off valves 78, to open and/or close. The control device 86 preferably has a control device valve device by means of which a fluid communication channel, by means of which the control device 86 is supplied with the swirling fluid, can be interrupted, restricted or opened. The fluid communication channel is preferably formed here on the one hand by the distributor unit 84 with the line sections 80a to 80e connected thereto and on the other hand by the line connection 73, in particular a hose, which is connected in communication with the fluid supply device 72. However, the fluid supply device 72 is also connected here alternatively directly to the control device 86 and/or the distribution unit 84. The fluid supply device 72 is preferably a pressure fluid connection of a pressure fluid source, for example a pressure gas connection of a pressure gas source, in particular a compressed air connection of a compressed air source. This can be, for example, a compressor and/or a reservoir under pressure.

In fig. 14, a swirling device 70 known from fig. 13 and described purely by way of example is provided in the treatment container 4, thus constituting an apparatus according to the invention by way of example. The treatment container 4 is delimited in the longitudinal direction by the gate wall 12 on the one hand and by the rear wall 92 on the other hand. Along the width direction, the treatment vessel is bounded on the one hand by the first side wall section 90 and on the other hand by the second side wall section 91. The bottom 82 of the treatment container 4 preferably has an outflow opening 85, through which the treatment substance can be discharged, in particular discharged or pumped out, from the main receiving space. The outflow opening 85 is preferably connected to the filter device 18, so that the treatment substance exiting via the outflow opening 85 is transported or can be transported to the filter device. The other side of the gate dam 12 delimits a collection chamber 14 in which impurities swirled up by the swirling device 70 and process substances exiting via the gate dam 12 can be conducted via the outflow openings 83 to the filter device 18 for filtering. Therefore, a pipe, in particular a pipe made of high-grade steel, having a diameter of preferably between 4mm and 6mm, is preferably inserted in a fixed manner at the bottom of the basin of the treatment plant. The tubes are preferably joined via a distribution unit. In particular, it is preferred that each pipe is provided with a shut-off valve, wherein it is alternatively conceivable that only the distribution unit is provided with a valve arrangement, in particular a shut-off valve, such as a magnetic shut-off valve, so that the individual sub-zones or the entire zone can be loaded in the tank in a targeted manner. That is, the swirling fluid can be delivered to one or more tubes as desired, thereby enabling a specific flow or swirl to be generated in the treatment substance. Via the fluid-conducting element or the pipe, preferably during the shut-down of the treatment plant or the apparatus according to the invention, a swirling fluid under pressure, in particular compressed air, is introduced into the sump or the treatment substance, so that the impurities still accumulating at the bottom rise in a swirling manner, so that they can be distributed in the liquid or the treatment substance. The admission, in particular the blowing in, of the swirling fluid, in particular compressed air, is preferably controlled via a time-switching valve and/or a control device 86 and can be carried out uniformly or in pulses, permanently or in programmed time intervals or as a function of detected sensor measurement data. Preferably, the filter device 18 or the installed filter means are preferably operated together during the blowing in of the fluid and particularly preferably up to 3 hours or up to 2 hours or up to 1 hour or more than 3 hours after the blowing in of the fluid, and the impurities rising by the vortex are removed from the treatment substance.

Fig. 15 schematically illustrates an ascending vortex fluid, in particular an ascending air bubble 88. The treatment substance is swirled by means of air bubbles 88 exiting through the discharge opening 76. Furthermore, impurities, in particular sludge, are lifted from the bottom region of the device according to the invention by means of air bubbles and transported upwards to the gate-dam flow. Fig. 15 shows the line 75 purely as an alternative to the line 73. The line 75 can be coupled to the process container 4 in such a way that a portion of the process substance can be removed from the process container 4. The portion of the treatment substance withdrawn by means of the line 75 is then preferably fed to the swirling device 70 by means of a pump device (not shown). The swirling fluid which is fed out by the swirling device 70 to the process substance arranged in the process container is thus a portion of the process substance which is discharged via the line 75 and which serves to swirl the process substance arranged in the process container. The line 75 can be connected here, for example, to a treatment substance removal device or opening or orifice or suction opening 85.

The swirling device 70 described in relation to fig. 13 to 15 can obviously be used or arranged in a similar or identical or adapted manner in a processing apparatus 1 designed for processing wires or coils. In particular, the objects described with respect to fig. 13 to 15 can thus likewise be implemented in the processing device 1 described with respect to fig. 3. Preferably, one treatment basin 42 or a corresponding plurality of treatment basins 42 illustrated in fig. 3 therefore each correspond to a treatment container 2. The ultrasound device 11 can likewise be used in all the treatment devices 1 shown.

Fig. 16 shows a purely exemplary and schematic configuration of a treatment plant 100 according to the invention. From this view, one or more processing devices 1 can be provided, such as those known from the previous figures. Furthermore, one or more deformation devices 94 for deforming, in particular for stretching, the treatment object 2 treated by means of the treatment device 1 before can be further treated or stretched longer without adversely affecting the corrosion resistance.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that a drying device (not shown) for drying the treatment object 2 is provided or formed in the transport path 96 between the treatment device 1 and the deformation device 94.

Figure 17 shows a view of the surface properties of a wire or wire component treated according to the invention in a longitudinal blade.

The invention preferably relates to a treatment plant 1 for the single-stage treatment of metallic treatment objects 2, wherein the treatment comprises at least an acid pickling and phosphating of the treatment objects 2, wherein the treatment plant 1 comprises at least the following means: a treatment container 4 for receiving the treatment object 2 and for receiving a flowable treatment substance 6; a pump device 10 for circulating at least one portion of the treatment substance 6, wherein at least a part of the treatment substance 2, in particular the entire treatment substance 2, is circulated with the treatment substance 6, wherein the treatment substance 6 is a phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution, in particular phosphoric acid, wherein the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution is formed on the one hand from water and on the other hand from the reaction substance; and a swirling device 70 for swirling up impurities, in particular solid particles, which have accumulated in the treatment substance, wherein the swirling device 70 has at least one supply device 72 and a fluid conducting element 74 having a plurality of discharge openings 76 for conveying swirling fluid to the treatment substance 6, wherein the swirling fluid can be conveyed to the fluid conducting element 74 by the supply device 72 at a pressure of more than 2 bar.

The invention therefore preferably relates to a treatment apparatus 1 for treating a metallic treatment object 2, wherein the treatment object 2 is a wire or a wire component, wherein the treatment comprises at least an acid pickling and a phosphating treatment of the object 2, wherein a protective layer is produced on the surface of the treatment object 2 by phosphating, wherein the treatment apparatus 1 preferably comprises at least the following means: a treatment container 4 for receiving the treatment object 2 and for receiving a flowable treatment substance 6; a pump device 10 for circulating at least a portion of a treatment substance 6, wherein at least a part of the treatment substance 2, in particular the entire treatment substance 2, is circulated with the treatment substance 6, wherein the treatment substance 6 is a phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution, in particular phosphoric acid, wherein the phosphorus-or phosphate-containing solution consists of water, in particular VE water, on the one hand and a reaction substance on the other hand, and the reaction substance consists of phosphorus or phosphate and preferably at least one additional treatment effect enhancing substance, in particular a treatment effect enhancing substance with one or more inhibitors, wherein the portion of phosphorus or phosphate in the reaction substance is greater than 98% by volume and particularly preferably greater than 99% by volume. The reaction mass preferably has no share of any hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid and preferably also no share of any fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, lead, mercury and selenium. The reaction mass is preferably mixed with water in a predetermined ratio, the predetermined ratio lying between a lower limit defined by mixing 1kg of reaction mass with 2 liters of water and an upper limit defined by mixing 1kg of reaction mass with 12 liters of water, particularly preferably in a ratio of 1kg of reaction mass with 6 liters of water.

List of reference numerals

1 treatment plant 47 dosing device

2 treatment object 48 VE Water purification installation

4 treatment vessel

6 treatment substance 49 control device

8 temperature control device 50 other pressure belt filtering device

10 pump unit 51 storage tank

11 ultrasonic device 52 side channel compressor

12 wall portion 53 first inclined bottom portion

14 second inclined bottom portion of collection chamber 54

16 third inclined bottom part of the transfer line 55

18 fourth inclined bottom portion of filter 56

19 other filtering means 57 outlet

20-gate dam type flow 58 connecting pipe

22 primary containment chamber 60 primary suction line

24 first sub-chamber 61 having a nozzle

26 first portion of groove of second sub-chamber 62

27 second part of the groove of the fence 63

28 nozzle 70 vortex device

39 coil 72 supply device

40 treatment device 73 line for a treatment line

74 fluid conducting element

41 delivery site 76 discharge opening

42 treatment cell 78 valve arrangement

43 stationary pool 80 piping section/pipe

44 output point 80a first line section

45 transport device 80b second pipeline section

46 pressure band filter device 80c third line section

80d fourth pipe section 90 side wall

80e rear wall of fifth pipe section 92

82 bottom 94 deforming device

84 distribution unit 96 transport path

86 control unit 100 processing facility

84 first indicator site of the outflow orifice 11 in the collection chamber

86 second indicator site of the outflow orifice 12 in the main housing

88 rising fluid (preferably air)

Claims

1. A treatment apparatus (1) for treating a metallic treatment object (2), wherein the treatment object (2) is a wire or a coil, wherein the treatment comprises at least pickling and phosphating the treatment object (2), wherein a protective layer is produced on the surface of the treatment object (2) by phosphating,

wherein the treatment device (1) comprises at least the following means:

a treatment container (4) for receiving the treatment object (2) and for receiving a flowable treatment substance (6);

pump means (10) for circulating at least a portion of the treatment substance (6), wherein at least a portion of the treatment objects (2) can be circulated by the treatment substance (6),

and wherein an ultrasonic device for loading the treatment object (2) and/or the treatment substance (6) is provided on the treatment container (4) or on the treatment container (4), wherein a movement of at least a part of the treatment object (2) is caused by the ultrasonic loading,

wherein the ultrasonic device is arranged on a holding device which accommodates the treatment object (2),

wherein a swirling device (70) is provided for swirling up impurities accumulated in the treatment substance, wherein the swirling device (70) can be designed as a fixed component of the treatment container (4) or can be detachably connected to the treatment container (4).

2. The processing apparatus according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the entire treatment object (2) can be circulated by the treatment substance (6).

3. The processing apparatus according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the swirling device (70) having at least one providing device (72) and a fluid conducting element (74) having a plurality of discharge openings (76) for conveying swirling fluid to the treatment substance (6),

wherein the swirling fluid can be supplied to the fluid-conducting element (74) by the supply device (72) at a pressure of more than 2bar, wherein the fluid-conducting element (74) forms a plurality of line sections (80) which can be decoupled from one another by means of a valve device (78), wherein at least a majority of the line sections (80) are arranged in the region of a bottom (82) of the treatment container (4).

4. The processing apparatus according to claim 1,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the swirling device (70) is used for swirling solid particles accumulated in the treatment substance.

5. The processing apparatus according to claim 3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the line section is formed by a line (80),

wherein the conduit (80) is coupled to or arranged on a bottom (82) of the treatment vessel (4),

wherein the conduits (80) are connected to each other by means of at least one valve unit (84), and

wherein each valve device (78) is designed as a shut-off valve, and

the supply device (72) is designed to supply a gas at a pressure of at least 2 bar.

6. The processing apparatus according to claim 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the conduit (80) has a diameter of between 2mm and 12 mm.

7. The processing apparatus according to claim 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the conduit (80) has a diameter of between 3mm and 9 mm.

8. The processing apparatus according to claim 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the conduit (80) has a diameter of between 4mm and 6 mm.

9. The processing apparatus according to claim 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

each valve device (78) is designed as a magnetic shut-off valve.

10. The processing apparatus according to claim 5,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the supply device (72) is designed to supply air at a pressure of at least 2 bar.

11. The treatment device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a filter device (18) for filtering the treatment substance (6) is provided, wherein impurities which have been enriched in the treatment substance (6) are removed from the treatment substance by filtration, and

control means are provided for operating the filter means and/or the swirling means,

wherein the filtration device and the swirling device are at least temporarily operable in relation to each other.

12. The treatment device (1) according to claim 3,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

operation of the scroll means at least temporarily includes providing fluid and operating the valve means,

wherein the valve means can be operated according to a preset curve.

13. The processing apparatus (1) according to claim 12,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the valve means can be operated at programmed time intervals.

14. The treatment device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

adding an antifoaming additive to the treatment substance (6), and

and/or

An acid-wash degreasing adjunct is added to the treatment substance (6).

15. The processing apparatus (1) according to claim 14,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the antifoam additive has triisobutyl phosphate.

16. The processing apparatus (1) according to claim 14,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the acid-wash degreasing adjunct has an aqueous solution comprised of a nonionic biodegradable surfactant and an inhibitor.

17. The processing apparatus (1) according to claim 16,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the inhibitor is butynediol.

18. The treatment device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the treatment container (4) has a main receiving chamber (22) and at least one first secondary receiving chamber (24), into which the treatment objects (2) can be introduced (22), wherein the main receiving chamber (22) and the first secondary receiving chamber (24) are connected to one another in such a way that the treatment substance (6) can flow out of the main receiving chamber (22) into the first secondary receiving chamber (24) on the one hand and out of the first secondary receiving chamber (24) into the main receiving chamber (22) on the other hand, wherein the main receiving chamber (22) and the first secondary receiving chamber (24) are delimited from one another in such a way that the treatment objects (2) are at least partially prevented from penetrating into the first secondary receiving chamber (24), and wherein

Wherein the main receiving chamber (22) is likewise coupled to the second auxiliary receiving chamber (26),

wherein the first sub-chamber (24) is a buffer chamber formed below the main chamber (22) and for containing a specific amount of the treatment substance (6), and

wherein the second secondary accommodation chamber (26) is a tempering chamber, wherein a tempering device (8) is at least partially arranged in the second secondary accommodation chamber (26).

19. Treatment device (1) according to claim 18,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

wherein the main receiving chamber (22) and the first secondary receiving chamber (24) are delimited from each other such that the treatment object (2) is completely prevented from penetrating into the first secondary receiving chamber (24).

20. Treatment device (1) according to claim 18,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

wherein the second sub-chamber (26) is a temperature control chamber formed laterally to the main chamber (22).

21. A treatment plant, comprising at least:

one or more treatment apparatuses for treating a metallic treatment object according to any one of claims 1 to 20 for producing a protective layer on the treatment object configured as a wire or coil, wherein the protective layer has a thickness of 1 μm to 20 μm, and

at least comprising deformation means for treating the treatment object.

22. The processing facility according to claim 21,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the protective layer has a thickness of 3 μm to 18 μm.

23. The processing facility according to claim 21,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the protective layer has a thickness of 8 μm to 15 μm.

24. The processing facility according to claim 21,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the deforming means is a stretching means.

25. The processing facility according to claim 21,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

a transport device for transporting the treatment object treated by means of the treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 20 to the deformation device is provided.