CN1083568C - 耐刺材料,用于该材料的带涂层载体和由该材料制造的布料 - Google Patents

耐刺材料,用于该材料的带涂层载体和由该材料制造的布料 Download PDF

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CN1083568C
CN1083568C CN98804397A CN98804397A CN1083568C CN 1083568 C CN1083568 C CN 1083568C CN 98804397 A CN98804397 A CN 98804397A CN 98804397 A CN98804397 A CN 98804397A CN 1083568 C CN1083568 C CN 1083568C
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J·J·布列克斯
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TEVORON PRODUCTS CO
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2041—Two or more non-extruded coatings or impregnations
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    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
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Abstract

本发明涉及耐刺材料，该材料由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成，该材料被提供在织物的包裹片上，其中载体上的涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，并且其中织物的包裹片的厚度大于1.5mm。本发明还涉及带涂层的载体，借助于粘合剂将磨料颗粒提供在载体上，粘合剂在固化后形成弹性膜。尤其由Aramid(芳族酰胺)或Nylon(尼龙)制成的织物可用作载体材料。优选的粘合剂是沥青粘合剂或以聚氨酯为基料的粘合剂。该材料尤其用于保护布料中。

Description

耐刺材料，用于该材料的带涂层载体和由该材料制造的布料
本发明涉及由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成的耐刺材料，它被提供在织物的小包(包裹片)内。本发明进一步涉及用于上述材料的带涂层的载体材料，和涉及包括该耐刺材料的布料，和涉及以本发明的材料为基础的基料(padding)，后者被装入该布料中。
从国际专利申请WO 94/09656中已知一种材料，能够承受裁切。尤其外科医生用的手套可从该材料制造。外科医生必须受到保护使得不致于因手术用刀的滑落而受伤，或不致于受突出的断裂骨和类似物的伤害。该手套所使用的材料由几层构成，尤其有外层，内层和中间层。在这些层之间提供磨料颗粒。所使用的磨料颗粒具有大约0.15mm的直径。因此，重要的是，穿戴由该材料制成的手套的外科医生，除了受手套保护外，还应在手中保持触感。这仅仅当制造手套的材料非常薄时才有可能，而且在前面的国际专利申请中指明材料的总厚度最高为1.5mm。这一类型的手套能够为外科医生提供预定的效果。然而，本发明的目的是提供承受刀的强力穿刺的材料，因此，本发明涉及的材料能够用于警察、士兵和类似人群的布料中。
从国际专利申请WO 96/03277中已知一种材料，它能够防刀的穿刺和子弹和类似物的冲击，因此该材料能够用于防弹背心，它也能够承受刀的穿刺。该材料的芯材是由等离子体溅射方法用陶瓷材料涂敷芳族酰胺(Aramid)载体而获得的。因此在塑料材料上提供厚度最大100μm(低于0.1mm)，优选20-40μm的陶瓷涂层。陶瓷涂层在塑料载体上的存在使得布料制品更僵硬。本发明的目的是提供一种柔性和方便穿戴的布料制品，但同时还提供耐刀穿刺的能力。
从EP-A-0 499 812中已知一种布料制品，它能够耐子弹的冲击以及抵抗刀的袭击。因此在载体材料上提供直径4-18mm的玻璃或陶瓷材料的颗粒。该材料比较硬且不太柔软，但在防止子弹穿透上非常有效，虽然在耐刀的穿刺上不太有效。为寻找能够耐刀穿刺和易穿戴的材料所进行的研究得以开发出在前面的介绍中指明的材料，它的特征在于载体上的涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，和织物的包裹片厚于1.5mm。
从US-A-4,292,882已知一种用于制造防弹背心的材料。该材料由几层织物组成，尤其层M含有陶瓷颗粒。该颗粒借助于树脂或类似物被包埋在织物内，而且它们相互联结在一起。在颗粒之间的任何开口被填充较小的颗粒。此外，该颗粒实际上完全被粘接树脂材料所包围，在许多情况下各层之间互通，这样获得了层压材料。该US专利说明书没有注意到该材料在防止刺刀武器穿刺上的操作性。还有，该材料较硬和对于穿戴来说显得不太柔软，因此穿戴舒适感不令人满意。
为了解决现有技术的上述问题，本发明提供了一种由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成的耐刺材料，它被提供在织物的包裹片上，该材料的特征在于该载体上的涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，和织物的包裹片的厚度大于1.5mm。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种用于制造前述耐刺材料的带涂层的载体材料，它由在其表面上提供了用粘合剂粘结的磨料颗粒的载体组成。
根据本发明的再一方面，提供了抵抗穿刺起保护作用的垫料，在织物的包裹片上提供一种耐刺材料，该耐刺材料由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成，其中所述涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，并且所述织物的包裹片的厚度大于1.5mm，所述耐刺材料被包封在聚酯衬材内。
根据本发明的再一方面，提供了耐刺刀武器起保护作用的保护布料，其特征在于该布料被提供了一种耐刺材料，该耐刺材料由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成并且提供在织物的包裹片上，其中所述涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，且所述包裹片的厚度大于1.5mm。
根据本发明，制造出由直径0.1-3mm，优选0.3-0.9mm的细粒状磨料颗粒组成的材料，它由粘合剂膜粘结于承载性合成织物或载体上。在织物包裹片上提供了一层或多层带涂层的载体材料。如此获得的材料具有耐刺性能。在载体上撒满磨料颗粒之前将粘合剂施加在载体上。然后，通过将载体翻转向下或敲打它来脱除未粘接的多余磨料颗粒，最终将粘合剂固化或干燥。载体优选是芳族酰胺织物(930dtex纱，如Twaron CT或Kevlar 129，重量为200g/m2)。织物包裹片优选由与载体相同的芳族酰胺织物制成。
原则上，可使用合成织物用作载体。然而，实验表明，最佳的结果是通过使用冲击尼龙的织物或芳族酰胺织物获得的。正常情况，芳族酰胺纤维用油或其它润滑剂进行部分涂敷以有利于编织。芳族酰胺织物常常用拒水性物质进行处理，因为水汽对芳族酰胺的冲击性能(ballistic performance)有坏影响。根据本发明，优选的是使用芳族酰胺织物，在机织之前已从中除去助剂，且没有进行拒水处理。这将导致在磨料颗粒和载体织物之间有改进的粘接作用，因为粘合剂膜更好地粘附于芳族酰胺载体上。
从EP-A-0 499 812已知较大的磨料颗粒对复合材料的冲击性能有积极的影响。发射体如子弹被该磨料颗粒损坏并碎裂，结果使得它们的杀伤力显著降低。然而从试验可以清楚地看出，较小的磨料颗粒，在其周围存在最少可能用量的树脂或粘合剂，提供耐刺性能。为此有可能使用磨料颗粒如碳化硅、碳化钛、氧化铝、碳化钨、氮化钛、氮化硅、硬玻璃和莫氏硬度为8以上的其它材料。通过使用粒度0.3-0.9mm的碳化硅颗粒尤其可获得所需性能。磨料颗粒的硬度必须大于刺刀武器的硬度，而且磨料颗粒必须确保在刺刀武器“冲击”时使刺刀武器的尖头钝化，这样在非常短的时间内将刺刀武器的穿透力和尤其切削力降低至这样一种程度，使得保护布料(织物包裹片)的内层能够阻止刀的深入并吸收冲击能量。在刺刀武器冲击的瞬间必须防止磨料颗粒从载体上脱落，或防止在穿刺过程中被迫偏移。这可通过合适的粘合剂体系来实现。
粘合剂膜的作用是在穿刺过程中保持磨料颗粒在原位，并防止它们运动开或被迫偏移，这样它们能够发挥它们的“钝化”作用。除此以外，粘合剂膜还用来防止磨料颗粒从载体上脱落。因此，粘合剂膜的组成必须使得能够获得适当的粘接作用，对磨料颗粒和对织物状载体都是如此。此外，粘合剂膜不必太软或太容易屈服。一般说来，由于粘合剂的热固性膜的硬度和劲度需要同时兼顾，因此在撒播磨料颗粒之前必须确保粘合剂膜被涂敷得尽可能的薄。研究表明，粘合剂必须在固化之后提供柔性、弹性的膜。尤其，含聚氨酯的粘合剂或沥青粘合剂可成功地用于此目的。实际上由Uithoorn(NL)的CinduChemicals公司以商品名Cinducoat销售的粘合剂可用于此目的。该粘合剂是沥青乳液。为了进一步防止颗粒移位，理想地在已涂有颗粒的载体上再涂敷第二层粘合剂膜。如此涂敷过的载体被放置在一层或两层形式的织物包裹片上。为了牢固地将其固定在布料中和防止其迁移到布料内，可在角部或边缘处将带涂层的载体固定在织物的包裹片上。实际上织物包裹片本身由多层芳族酰胺织物或类似物组成，它们相互松散地叠合在一起。为了防止这些层发生位移，  还有可能在多处将各层(由这些层组成织物的包裹片)相互联结。然而优选的是在尽可能少的地方将各层(由这些层组成织物的包裹片)相互联结，为的是保持结构尽可能的松散。为了容易地将织物包裹片和其上面提供的载体作为一个整体固定在布料中，优选的是将整体包裹在由衬材(尤其聚酯衬材)制成的覆盖材料中。
根据本发明的材料可用作耐刺层，尤其用作轻质和三维柔性和易弯性的层，或与织物的下层包裹片一起使用。该材料在防止刺刀武器和尖锐和/或突出的物体如刀、短剑、斧头、针头和类似物的穿刺上对人体有非常高的保护作用。因此，能够获得起保护作用的布料，提供给警察，监狱看守人和其它维持秩序的官员，使这些人群有了防备刺刀武器的较佳保护。该较佳的保护作用同时兼顾了保护布料的所需穿戴舒适度，因为该材料是柔性的和易弯曲的且重量低。
根据本发明的原理，当刺刀武器与磨料颗粒接触时刀的尖部和切削表面被损坏，在此之后下面的保护层如芳族酰胺织物的包裹片能够强烈地阻止损坏的刀或减慢其速度，使得保护布料的最终穿透深度是可接受的。该损坏作用是由磨料颗粒的存在而实现的，该颗粒由粘合剂提供在载体上面。另一优点是以下事实，保护程度不取决于刀袭击保护层的角度。保护层没有优先的取向，这样该材料能够在制造布料制品的所有可能的方向上使用，并能够裁剪出来，以便为保护布料的穿戴者量身定做。
由下面的实施例更详细地解释本发明。
实施例1
借助于刷子将沥青粘合剂涂敷在重量为200g/m2的载体织物上，该织物由930 dTex Twaron CT纱组成。该粘合剂是“Cinducoat”粘合剂(由Cindu Chemicals of Uithoorn(NL)销售)。粘合剂以130g/m2织物的量涂敷。磨料颗粒撒在粘合剂的湿膜上。为此使用750g/m2的粒度大约0.4mm的碳化硅。以上所述的粒度实际上由名称F40表示。该颗粒料由Orkanger的Orkla Exolon公司(挪威)销售。750g/m2的量是在除去未粘结住的多余颗粒之后在粘合剂膜上保留的量。一旦多余的碳化硅颗粒被除去之后，粘合剂在室温下干燥。在大约4.5小时之后，粘合剂充分干燥。
因此，获得了带涂层的载体。也有可能在该带涂层的载体上涂敷第二层粘合剂膜，从而使颗粒合适地固定在两侧上。为此，粘合剂膜应该涂敷得尽可能的薄，用量大概是在第一次处理步骤中所涂敷的粘合剂量的一半。
实施例2
将实施例1中获得的带涂层的载体放置在由24层芳族酰胺织物组成的织物的包裹片上。带涂层的所有载体在所有情况下都是以这样一种方式安置在织物的包裹片上，使得刀在与载体接触之前首先击中磨料颗粒。在织物的包裹片内各层芳族酰胺织物与实施例1中使用的载体材料对应。表面上存在带涂层的载体的织物的包裹片被包装在聚酯衬材中，从而能够使整体更容易地处理(handle)。根据本发明的材料(由织物的包裹片和其上面提供的带涂层的载体组成)因此容易滑入布料内作为垫料。
实施例3
重复实施例1，使用含聚氨酯的粘合剂，代替沥青粘合剂。Sikaflex221用作含聚氨酯的粘合剂。粘合剂由Maarssen的Sika B.V.销售。当使用该聚氨酯粘合剂时，没有必要在带涂层的载体上涂敷第二层粘合剂膜。
实施例4
重复实施例2，本发明的材料是由织物的包裹片与其表面上存在的根据实施例1的涂有磨料颗粒的两个载体组成，据此两个带涂层的载体相互叠合，这样第二片带涂层载体的载体材料位于第一层磨料颗粒的表面上。
试验
根据实施例2获得的材料进行试验。为此，根据本发明的材料被放置在粘土块上。在本发明的材料上方放置一只向下的管，然后将刀(重量2.6kg)从1.8m的高度通过该向下的管落下。获得46焦耳的冲击能量。该刀是由Sheffield(UK)的H.M.Slater公司以物品L-113销售的。该刀也在根据PSDB的UK耐刺试验中进行说明的刀具。在落下之后进行检查，发现该刀没有穿透织物的包裹片，它仅仅在粘土内引起刻痕。所以，没有在粘土内观察到刀的界限分明的痕迹。

Claims (19)

1、由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成的耐刺材料，它被提供在织物的包裹片上，该材料的特征在于该载体上的涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，和织物的包裹片的厚度大于1.5mm。
2、根据权利要求1的材料，其特征在于该磨料颗粒具有0.3-0.9mm的直径。
3、根据权利要求1或2的材料，其特征在于该磨料颗粒具有莫氏硬度至少为8的硬度。
4、根据权利要求1或2的材料，其特征在于该磨料颗粒选自碳化硅，碳化钛，氧化铝，碳化钨，氮化钛，和氮化硅。
5、根据权利要求1的材料，其特征在于该磨料颗粒借助于粘合剂膜被提供在载体上。
6、根据权利要求5的材料，其特征在于该粘合剂在固化后形成柔性、弹性的膜。
7、根据权利要求5的材料，其特征在于粘合剂是沥青粘合剂。
8、根据权利要求5的材料，其特征在于粘合剂是含聚氨酯的粘合剂。
9、根据权利要求1或2的材料，其特征在于第二层粘合剂膜被涂敷在该带涂层的载体上。
10、根据权利要求1的材料，其特征在于该载体是由芳族酰胺织物或尼龙织物组成。
11、根据权利要求1的材料，其特征在于该载体由纤维织成的芳族酰胺织物组成，并且已从中除去了辅助物质如润滑剂和拒水物质，以便在磨料颗粒和粘合剂之间提供更佳的粘结作用。
12、根据权利要求1的材料，其特征在于带涂层的载体实际上松散地位于织物的包裹片上，织物的包裹片由10层以上的芳族酰胺织物或尼龙织物组成。
13、根据权利要求12的材料，其特征在于：当需要保护以避免刀穿刺的情况下，带涂层的载体松散地位于织物的包裹片上。
14、根据权利要求1的材料，其特征在于：几个带涂层的载体以一个置于另一个之上的方式相互叠合，并且几个带涂层的载体作为一个整体存在于织物的包裹片上。
15、根据权利要求1的材料，其特征在于构成织物的包裹片的各层基本上松散地相互叠加。
16、用于制造权利要求1的耐刺材料的带涂层的载体材料，它由在其表面上提供了用粘合剂粘结的磨料颗粒的载体组成。
17、抵抗穿刺起保护作用的垫料，其特征在于，在织物的包裹片上提供一种耐刺材料，该耐刺材料由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成，其中所述涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，并且所述织物的包裹片的厚度大于1.5mm，所述耐刺材料被包封在聚酯衬材内。
18、耐刺刀武器起保护作用的保护布料，其特征在于该布料被提供了一种耐刺材料，该耐刺材料由涂有固体颗粒的载体组成并且提供在织物的包裹片上，其中所述涂层由直径0.1-3mm的磨料颗粒组成，且所述包裹片的厚度大于1.5mm。
19、根据权利要求18的保护布料，其特征在于所述的耐刺材料被包封在聚酯衬材内。
CN98804397A 1997-04-04 1998-04-03 耐刺材料,用于该材料的带涂层载体和由该材料制造的布料 Expired - Fee Related CN1083568C (zh)

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