CN108351024B - 手动变速器的自动化换挡系统 - Google Patents

手动变速器的自动化换挡系统 Download PDF

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CN108351024B
CN108351024B CN201680066686.1A CN201680066686A CN108351024B CN 108351024 B CN108351024 B CN 108351024B CN 201680066686 A CN201680066686 A CN 201680066686A CN 108351024 B CN108351024 B CN 108351024B
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flywheel
clutch
secondary flywheel
motor
drive shaft
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CN108351024A (zh
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佩尔·斯腾斯高
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Per Stensgaard Innovasjon AS
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Per Stensgaard Innovasjon AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

用于内燃机的双质量飞轮概念，其中次飞轮（3）可根据需要通过离合器（6）断开并重新连接。该概念的特征在于，其包括固定地安装在发动机（1）曲轴上的主飞轮（2）、储存以便它可自由旋转的次飞轮（3）、将次飞轮连接到驱动轴（5）（变速箱（9）上的输入轴）的离合器（6）、将主飞轮连接到驱动轴的弹性元件（4）（弹簧）。

Description

手动变速器的自动化换挡系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的手动变速器中的齿轮变速的系统和方法，特别是一种用于传统手动变速箱的自动化齿轮变速。
背景技术
目前，降低燃料消耗和减少CO2排放的需求驱动着变速器的开发。因此，有相当大的资源用于开发新的、更好的解决方案，自动变速器的开发是这个解决方案的一部分。
近年来，自动变速器的主要趋势是朝着2-离合器变速箱，通常称为DCT(双离合变速器)。与传统手动变速器相比，2-离合器变速器的缺点是更贵、更重、更大。这意味着，自动化手动变速器再次成为焦点，被称为AMT(自动化手动变速器)解决方案。
利用AMT解决方案，试图使传统手动变速箱自动化，从而保持手动变速箱的优点。
这通常由离合器的自动化操作来完成。
然而，挑战在于获得足够快速的齿轮变速。本领域中，每次换挡0.1秒是“无缝”换挡的标准。然而，手动变速器中齿轮的变换需要0.5-1秒。
除了AMT解决方案，可利用可变变速器持续工作，通常称为CVT(无级变速器)。如今，占有一小部分市场份额。
实现所需AMT解决方案的一个选择是以新的方式利用双质量飞轮的两个飞轮。双质量飞轮，通常称为DMFW(双质量飞轮)，是旋转机械装置，用于在能量不连续的系统中提供连续的旋转能量。
如今，多数汽车使用的双质量飞轮包括两个飞轮和一个弹性元件(弹簧)。这些构建到一个单一的单元中。
第一飞轮，主飞轮，连接到发动机曲轴上。第二飞轮，次飞轮，通过弹性元件与第一飞轮结合(且离合器安装在次飞轮上)。
弹性元件允许飞轮旋转相当大的角度，相互约60°。这导致电机与变速箱之间的低通过滤器。这消除了燃烧发动机的不均匀工作，这又意味着车辆中噪音和震动减少，动力系统负荷减少。
利用双质量飞轮，发动机可以较低转速使用。这导致燃料消耗降低和CO2排放减少。
双质量飞轮的主要任务是在低转速。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种换挡概念，其中传统手动变速箱可快速换挡，约降至0.1秒，而不使用用于断开发动机和变速器之间连接的离合器，并且在变速过程中不造成车辆不可接受的颠簸/震动。
这由附加的权利要求所限定的概念来实现。
用户享受优点，例如在中到高转速时降低的惯性、在低转速时更大的惯性、启动/停止功能的能力和混合的可能性。
本发明使用的部件与双质量飞轮中使用的相同-两个飞轮和一个弹性元件(弹簧)-以及离合器和两个电动机/发电机。在这里，离合器任务是将次飞轮连接到驱动轴，而不是将发动机扭矩传递到变速器。
电动机/发电机对于本概念不是严格必需的，但没有它们将失去作为启动/停止的功能和混合的可能性，离合器将遭受显著更大的磨损。
本概念允许以传统方式使用离合器，例如用于起动或是否需要其他原因使发动机脱离变速器。
变速箱可以手动或自动操作。
附图简要说明
图1是示出了本发明一个优选的实施方式的示意图，其中它具有双质量飞轮解决方案，而没有在发动机和变速器之间的离合器。
图2示出了本发明另一优选的实施方式，其中基本上与图1配置相同，但次飞轮通过离合器连接到驱动轴的另一端。
具体实施方式
图1是示出了本发明一个优选的实施方式的示意图，其中它具有双质量飞轮解决方案，而没有在发动机和变速器之间的离合器。
主要地，有与传统的双质量飞轮解决方案相同的部件，即两个飞轮和一个弹簧形式的弹性元件以及离合器，但是所述部件以新的方式配置，除了两个电动机/发电机连接到各自的飞轮之外。以下，两个电动机/发电机指定为EMG1和EMG 2。
最左边的是内燃机1。曲轴从内燃机1中出来。主飞轮2固定在燃烧发动机的曲轴上。然后，主飞轮通过弹性元件(4)连接到驱动轴5。驱动轴5是变速箱9的输入轴。
次飞轮3在变速箱9之前。次飞轮3被覆盖(bedded)。这种垫层(bedding)最好是滚珠轴承10。垫层使第二飞轮能够自由转动。
离合器6用于将次飞轮连接到驱动轴和从驱动轴断开的目的。它可以是放置在变速箱9内的湿式离合器，或位于变速箱外的干板离合器(次飞轮)。
两个电动机/发电机(EMG1)7和(EMG 2)8连接到飞轮。
EMG1连接到主飞轮。EMG 2连接到次飞轮。
在另一种解决方案中EMG1可连接到发动机曲轴。
在低发动机转速下，直到发动机怠速转速的约1.5-4倍，次飞轮将被连接。在这种模式下，该概念具有与双质量飞轮相同的特性。
在更高的转速下，超过发动机怠速转速的约1.5-4倍，次飞轮脱开。次飞轮的转速被电气控制。这意味着，当飞轮脱开时，通过使用EMG2，它保持在适合下一次齿轮变速的速率。
在没有电动机/发电机的装置中，次飞轮转速通过离合器和可能的制动器来控制。
在本发明中，飞轮构成了变速器的大部分惯性。轴、离合器、齿轮等都有帮助，但与飞轮惯性力矩相比，这种贡献小。
在中高发动机转速下，次飞轮脱开。
在换挡时，来自发动机的力被切断，变速器被设定为中性，曲轴和主飞轮适应下一个改变的转速。这意味着，主飞轮要么制动要么急剧加速，以获得用于下一次互换的正确的转速，可以进入下一次齿轮。
当曲轴和主飞轮减速或加速时，次飞轮同样地加速和减速。这意味着，如果主飞轮减速，则次飞轮加速。如果主飞轮加速，则次飞轮减速。这是通过电动机/发电机和/或离合器来完成的。
通过相互作用的飞轮-转矩施加到主飞轮，而次飞轮施加相等的、相反方向的转矩。这意味着，自旋没有改变。(自旋＝驱动转矩(角动量、自旋、动量转矩、旋转量)：L＝I·ω)
因此，车辆未收到由于飞轮的加速/制动导致的转矩的影响。由于飞轮的加速/制动而产生的转矩将导致车辆中的颠簸或振动。如果换档发生得足够快，下降到0.1秒，则换档被认为是无缝的，即没有转矩中断。
在低速时，次飞轮连接。这提供了相对较大的惯性力矩和双质量飞轮的优点。这两个都有助于平稳和无振动的操作。
在更高速下，次飞轮脱开。这提供了更小的惯性力矩，从而提供了更灵敏的发动机。
在内燃机停止时，次飞轮脱开并保持运动，从而实现内燃机的快速和不可察觉的起动。起动的能量是通过使用EMG 2或离合器从次飞轮获得的。因此，发动机的快速起动可以在不改变自旋的情况下进行，并因此在车辆中颠簸或振动不可察觉。
现代汽车配备有连接到车轮或驱动的用于再生制动能量的电动机。这些发动机可以用来起动。以足够的速度，汽车就可以挂挡。
人们也可以想象，发动机在正常状态时停止车辆，并且在电动机/发电机的帮助下起动车辆。
变速箱可不同步。这提供了一个更小和更轻的变速箱。
本发明还提供不同程度的混合。
电动机/发电机可补偿涡轮滞后，从而允许更简单和更便宜的涡轮事件。
电动机/发电机将有助于成本和重量。
图2示出了与图1所示基本相同的配置，区别在于次飞轮通过离合器连接到驱动轴的另一端。
最左边的是内燃机1。曲轴从内燃机1中出来。主飞轮2固定在燃烧发动机的曲轴上。然后，主飞轮通过弹性元件(4)连接到驱动轴5。驱动轴5是变速箱9的输入轴。
次飞轮3在变速箱9的另一侧。离合器6用于将次飞轮连接到驱动轴和从驱动轴断开。
两个电动机/发电机(EMG1)7和(EMG 2)8连接到飞轮。
EMG1连接到主飞轮。EMG 2连接到次飞轮。

Claims (10)

1.一种手动变速器（9）的自动化换挡系统，包括内燃机（1）、安装在曲轴上的主飞轮（2）、将主飞轮（2）连接到驱动轴（5）的弹性构件（4）、次飞轮（3）、用于将次飞轮连接到驱动轴的离合器（6），其特征在于，第一电动机/发电机（7）连接到主飞轮（2），第二电动机（8）连接到次飞轮（3），并且当速度超过设定极限时所述次飞轮（3）与所述驱动轴（5）脱开，所述设定极限为内燃机（1）怠速转速的1.5-4倍。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述次飞轮（3）连接在变速器（9）之前，并且通过轴承（10）和所述离合器（6）可从驱动轴（5）脱开。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述次飞轮（3）相对于内燃机（1）位于变速器（9）的相对侧，连接到驱动轴（5），并且可通过所述离合器（6）释放。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第一电动机/发电机（7）连接到所述曲轴。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述变速器（9）是双离合变速器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述次飞轮（3）的速度由所述离合器（6）和/或制动器控制。
7.一种手动变速器（9）的自动换挡方法，所述手动变速器（9）包括内燃机（1）、安装在曲轴上的主飞轮（2）、将主飞轮（2）连接到驱动轴（5）的弹性构件（4）、次飞轮（3）、用于将次飞轮连接到驱动轴的离合器（6），其特征在于，第一电动机/发电机（7）连接到主飞轮（2），第二电动机（8）连接到次飞轮（3），并且当速度超过设定极限时所述次飞轮（3）与所述驱动轴（5）脱开，所述设定极限为内燃机（1）怠速转速的1.5-4倍。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，换挡将变速器设定为中立，一个飞轮制动而第二飞轮加速，具有近似相等的转矩，通过第一电动机/发电机（7）、第二电动机（8）和/或离合器（6），直到内燃机（1）具有用于啮合下一齿轮的正确转速。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机和/或离合器用于为内燃机获得快速和不可察觉的起动/停止功能，其中当内燃机停止时次飞轮脱开并保持速度。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，在起动时，次飞轮减速同时主飞轮加速。
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