CN108350989A - 用于生产无级变速器的齿轮系统及其使用方法 - Google Patents

用于生产无级变速器的齿轮系统及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN108350989A
CN108350989A CN201680062832.3A CN201680062832A CN108350989A CN 108350989 A CN108350989 A CN 108350989A CN 201680062832 A CN201680062832 A CN 201680062832A CN 108350989 A CN108350989 A CN 108350989A
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gear
flywheel
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阿鲁德拉·文凯特·吉阿尼
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H33/00—Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy
    • F16H33/02—Rotary transmissions with mechanical accumulators, e.g. weights, springs, intermittently-connected flywheels
    • F16H33/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable velocity ratio, in which self-regulation is sought
    • F16H33/08—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable velocity ratio, in which self-regulation is sought based essentially on inertia
    • F16H33/14—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable velocity ratio, in which self-regulation is sought based essentially on inertia having orbital members influenced by regulating masses
    • F16H33/18—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable velocity ratio, in which self-regulation is sought based essentially on inertia having orbital members influenced by regulating masses of which the motion is constrained
    • F16H33/185—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable velocity ratio, in which self-regulation is sought based essentially on inertia having orbital members influenced by regulating masses of which the motion is constrained the masses being fixed to the orbital members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/74—Complexes, not using actuable speedchanging or regulating members, e.g. with gear ratio determined by free play of frictional or other forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H33/00—Gearings based on repeated accumulation and delivery of energy
    • F16H33/02—Rotary transmissions with mechanical accumulators, e.g. weights, springs, intermittently-connected flywheels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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Abstract

一种用于实现无级变速器的齿轮系统，包括用于将旋转输入接收至变速器系统中的输入轴，以及用于传递来自变速器系统的旋转输出的输出轴，用于将惯性的阻力施加到变速器中的飞轮部件，其中飞轮储存和确定变速器系统中的旋转能量；通过组装一个或多个周转齿轮以实现高齿轮减速机构，飞轮随着输入轴和输出轴之间的角速度差增加而加速，高齿轮减速机构基于公式(a)Z＝(n+a)R‑(n)X，其中Z是飞轮的角速度，X是输入轴的角速度，R是输出轴的角速度，n和a是整数常数，其中a<<n或a<n。齿轮比从0变化到1，另一个齿轮可以与输出轴啮合以实现超速传动比。

Description

用于生产无级变速器的齿轮系统及其使用方法
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及变速器系统的领域。更具体地说，本系统涉及一种用于生产无级变速器的传输系统和方法。
背景技术
现代手动变速器的齿轮比变化有限，并且取决于手动离合器以在档位之间进行切换，这对效率和驾驶舒适性均产生了影响，尤其是在速度不断变化的时候。目前无级变速器的所有设计都以摩擦为基础，其可以承载的负载取决于无级变速器的运动部件之间的摩擦力，对于轻载应用中的使用造成了很大的限制。自动变速器需要计算机的辅助，并且运用离合器和带式机构进行啮合和脱离齿轮比，导致齿轮比在连续变化时更加复杂和低效。
鉴于上述讨论，我们需要一种能够改善或克服上述缺点的系统和方法。
本公开提供一种通过消除或减少离合器的使用，以改善负载极限，从而解决上述问题的系统和方法。在理想情况下，这种变速器装置的负载极限仅受齿轮齿的抗拉强度之限制。根据输入扭矩和车辆速度的组合调整变速器，选择最佳齿轮比，通过无级变速比实现吞吐量最大化。与其他的变速器技术相比，这种无级变速器解决了设计复杂性和生产成本的问题。
发明内容
以下为本公开的简要概述，旨在让读者获得基本的理解。本摘要不是本公开的广泛概述，并且不识别本发明的关键/关键要素或说明本发明的范围。本摘要的唯一目的是以简化的形式呈现本公开的一些概念，作为之后呈现的更详细描述之序言。
本公开的示例性实施方式针对用于实现无级变速器的系统和方法。
根据本公开的示例性方面，该系统包括用于将旋转输入接收至变速器系统中的输入轴。
根据本公开的示例性方面，该系统包括用于传递来自变速器系统的旋转输出的输出轴。
根据本公开的示例性方面，该系统包括用于向变速器施加惯性力的飞轮部件，其中飞轮用于储存并稳定变速器系统中的旋转能量。
根据本公开的示例性方面，变速器系统需要高齿轮减速机构，当输出轴不旋转时，飞轮将相对于输入轴高速旋转；同样的，当输入轴不旋转时，飞轮将相对于输出轴高速旋转。输入轴和输出轴的角速度差可在飞轮上产生较高的角加速度。高齿轮减速机构乃基于齿轮比公式(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X，其中Z是飞轮的角速度，X是输入轴的角速度，R是角速度输出轴，‘n’和‘a’为整数常量，其中a<<n或a<n。高齿轮减速机构通过一个或多个周转齿轮组件来实现。
附图说明
结合附图阅读以下对优选实施方式的详细描述，本发明的其它目的和优点对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见，其中相同的附图标记用于表示相同的元件，并且：
图1示出了根据本公开的示例性实施方式使用高齿轮减速机构和飞轮以实现无级变速器的方法之流程图。
图2A、2B和2C示出了根据本公开的示例性实施方式通过周转齿轮组件以实现无级变数器系统的图示。
具体实施方式
可见，在其应用中，本公开并不限于以下阐述或附图所示的部件之构造和布置细节。本公开可具有其他实施方式并且能够以各种方式进行实践或实施。而且，应该要知道的时，本公开使用的措辞和术语均是为了描述的目的，而不应该被认为具有限制性。
本文中的“包括”、“包含”或“具有”及其变型词汇的使用意指涵盖其后列出的项目、等同物以及额外的项目。这里的术语“一种”不表示数量的限制，而是表示存在至少一种所提及的项目。此外，本文中术语“第一”、“第二”和“第三”等的使用不表示任何顺序、数量或重要性，而是用于对一个元件与另一个元件进行区分。
根据本公开的非限制性示例性实施方式，该系统包括用于恒定旋转能量的飞轮，用于接收来自原动机的旋转输入的输入轴以及用于从变速器传递输出动力的输出轴。该系统还包括连接输入轴、输出轴和飞轮的高齿轮减速机构。高齿轮减速机构可快速平衡飞轮与输出轴之间的往复转矩。这个目的可通过使用一个或多个周转齿轮来实现，齿轮比乃基于公式(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X，其中Z是飞轮的角速度，R是输出轴的角速度，X是输入轴的角速度，a和n为整数常量，其中a<n或a＜＜n。
请参考图1。图1示出了根据本公开的示例性实施方式的用于实现使用周转齿轮的无级变速器系统的方法之流程图。本方法开始于步骤102，无级变速器系统需要高齿轮减速机构和飞轮，当输出轴不旋转时，飞轮相对于输入轴高速旋转，同样的，当输入轴不旋转时，飞轮相对于输出轴高速旋转。通过提供高齿轮减速机构，本方法继续进行步骤104，并基于公式(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X，其中Z是飞轮的角速度，X是角速度，a<<n或a<n。通过代入广义齿轮比等式中的a和n值，本方法继续进行步骤106。所得到的等式可通过周转齿轮公式组导出并且周转齿轮的相应组件已被显示出来。
根据本公开的非限制性示例性实施方式，高齿轮减速比的等式可通过替换广义齿轮比等式中的整数常数以获得。广义齿轮比公式：
(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X
其中，Z-飞轮的角速度X-输入轴的角速度
R-输出轴的角速度
n和a是整数常量(其中a<<n或a<n)
周转齿轮组件可以基于所得到的高齿轮减速比等式，在代替a和n值之后导出。
示例：在广义齿轮比公式(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X中代入n＝48，a＝1，由此得到的齿轮比公式：
Z＝49R-48X
该等式可通过具有齿轮比公式的三个周转齿轮的组件以实现，
2Z+Y＝3X为第一个周转
3Z+P＝4R，P+Q＝2R为第二个周转
16Y+11Q＝27R为第三个周转
其中X-第1个周转齿轮的底盘齿轮的角速度(输入轴)
Y-第1个和第3个周转齿轮的太阳齿轮的角速度
Q-第2个和第3个周转的行星齿轮的角速度
轴的中心
R-第2个和第3个周转的共同底盘角速度(输出轴)
P-第二个周转齿轮的太阳轮的角速度
Z-第1个和第2个公共环形齿轮的角速度
周转(飞轮)
示例2将n＝20，a＝1代入公式(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X
Z＝21R-20X这种高齿轮减速比可通过具有不同数量的齿轮的两个环形齿轮的周转齿轮以实现。相应的周转齿轮比公式为，
2Y+3Q＝5X
3R+Z＝4Q
Z+Y＝2Q
其中X-第二个环形齿轮的角速度(输入轴)；Y-周转齿轮绕其自身轴线的角速度
Q-连接行星齿轮的底盘齿轮的角速度；R-第一个环形齿轮的角速度(输出轴)
Z-太阳齿轮的角速度(飞轮)
请参考图1。图2A、图2B和图2C示出了无级变速器示例的示图200a、200b和200c，根据本公开的示例性实施方式，示例系统包括符合齿轮比公式Z＝49R-48X的高齿轮减速机构，通过三组周转齿轮和随后的齿轮比公式2Z+Y＝3X，3Z+P＝4R，P+Q＝2R，16Y+11Q＝27R以实现。第一个周转齿轮比公式为2Z+Y＝3X，第二个周转齿轮比公式为3Z+P＝4R和P+Q＝2R，第三个周转齿轮比公式为16Y+11Q＝27R。当输入X是连接第一个周转齿轮的行星齿轮202a的底盘206的情况下，飞轮Z是第一个周转齿轮和第二个周转齿轮的共同环形齿轮212，并且Y是第一个周转齿轮的太阳齿轮204a，通过轴210传递至第三个周转齿轮的太阳齿轮204c，P是第二个周转齿轮的太阳齿轮204b，输出R连接到共同的底盘208，该底盘208连接第二个周转齿轮的行星齿轮202b和第三个周转齿轮的行星齿轮202c，Q是周转齿轮202b和202c围绕其连接轴的中心的旋转。
根据本公开的非限制性示例性实施方式，该系统包括将惯性力施加至变速器中的飞轮部件。飞轮部件将旋转能量存储并确定到无级变速器中。加速飞轮将作用在输出轴上的扭矩与减速飞轮相乘，从而使输入轴齿轮比的输出轴更高，飞轮可调节输出轴的转速，从低转速和高转矩到高转速、低扭矩，并且始终提供最佳齿轮比。该飞轮齿轮可以与另一个相同大小的飞轮齿轮相反方向旋转啮合，以消除俯仰和滚动效应。
根据本公开的非限制性示例性实施方式，在传统的手动变速器中，第一档中的近似齿轮比(驱动轴RPM/发动机RPM)为0.34，第二档为0.5，第三档0.75，第四档1，第五档1.15，第六档是1.36。近似的标准轴比(驱动轴RPM/转速RPM)为3.4，因此驱动轴每旋转3.4圈，车轮就会旋转1次。由此产生的近似齿轮比(车轮RPM/发动机RPM)范围从1档的0.1到6档的0.4。因此，对于发动机的每次旋转，车轮旋转从0.1变化至0.4。如果没有从驱动轴到轴的齿轮减速，也就是当轴比为1时，则不需要接合变速器中的超速档，因为该无级变速器具有输出轴，因此输入轴的齿轮比在0至1范围之间。如果从驱动轴到轴存在齿轮减速，则可以使另一个低半径齿轮与输出轴齿轮啮合，从而实现超速齿轮比。
尽管本公开已经根据某些优选实施方式及其图示进行了描述，但是，在本发明的原理和精神内，其他优选实施例的实施方式和修改也有可能。因此上述说明和附图仅为说明性，而非限制性。
因此，本公开的范围由所附权利要求限定，并且包括上述各种特征的组合和子组合以及其变形和修改，本领域技术人员在阅读上述描述时很容易想到这些变形和修改。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于实现无级变速器的齿轮系统，输入轴，用于将旋转输入接收至变速器系统；输出轴，用于传递来自变速器系统的旋转输出；飞轮部件，用于在变速器上施加阻力惯性力，飞轮还可将旋转能量存储并确定到变速器系统中；高速齿轮减速机构，当输出轴不旋转时，飞轮相对于输入轴高速旋转；同样的，当输入轴不旋转时，飞轮相对于输出轴高速旋转。高速齿轮减速机构通过一个或多个周转齿轮组件实现，其中高齿轮减速机构乃基于以下等式：(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X其中，Z是飞轮的角速度，X是输入轴的角速度，R是输出轴的角速度。n和a是整数常量，其中a<<n或a<n
2.包含一种方法，需要飞轮和高齿轮减速机构来实现无级变速传动系统，当输出轴不旋转时，飞轮相对于输入轴高速旋转；同样的，当输入轴不旋转时，飞轮相对于输出轴高速旋转。高齿轮减速机构乃基于齿轮比公式(a)Z＝(n+a)R-(n)X，其中Z是飞轮的角速度，X是输入轴的角速度，R是角速度输出轴，‘n’和‘a’为整数常量，其中a<<n或a<n；代入a和n值，获得高齿轮减速公式，可通过一组周转齿轮比公式实现。相应的高齿轮减速机构可通过组装相应的周转齿轮进行实现，并且组装后的系统可以被显示出来；
CN201680062832.3A 2015-10-31 2016-10-28 用于生产无级变速器的齿轮系统及其使用方法 Pending CN108350989A (zh)

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