CN108350389B - Lubricating grease for elevator sling, and traction elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a lubricating grease for elevator slings, which can give consideration to both high traction characteristic and high abrasion resistance and further has close fit with the surface of the slings; and an elevator sling and a traction elevator using the grease for elevator sling. The grease for elevator suspension ropes of the present invention is a grease for elevator suspension ropes constituting a grease layer of an elevator suspension rope, the elevator suspension rope having a steel rope and a grease layer formed on the surface of the steel rope, the grease for elevator suspension ropes being characterized by being formed from a grease containing a base oil, the base oil containing a hydrocarbon component and a naphthene compound, the hydrocarbon component having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of more than 60mm²A liquid or solid per second, comprising 30 to 90 mass% of the hydrocarbon component of the grease.

Description

Lubricating grease for elevator sling, and traction elevator

Technical Field

The invention relates to a lubricating grease for an elevator sling, an elevator sling and a traction type elevator.

Background

In recent years, a traction elevator without a machine room is used for an elevator for a medium or low-rise building. The traction elevator has no machine room, so that the freedom degree of the design layout of the elevator is improved, and the traction elevator can be arranged in a narrow space which is difficult to be arranged in the past. Therefore, the present invention has been widely used for new installation and update of devices.

An elevator rope (hereinafter referred to as "elevator rope") is generally a rope prescribed in JIS G3525, for example. An elevator rope has a structure in which about 6 or 8 strands are arranged around a core cable made of synthetic fibers or natural fibers and twisted together. The strand is formed by twisting a plurality of steel wires. When tension is applied to the sling, a viscous oil or grease-like oil is applied to the surface of the sling in order to suppress friction and abrasion between the wires due to the action of force on the wire strands in the direction of compressing the core cable, and to suppress the formation of an oil film (to maintain lubricity) between the sling and the sheave. If the tension of the hoist rope is increased so that the contact surface pressure (Hertz surface pressure) of the contact portion of the hoist rope and the sheave is increased, the oil on the surface of the hoist rope forms an elastic fluid lubricating film at the contact portion, and the power for lifting the hoist is transmitted to the hoist rope through the contact portion. This is one of driving methods called traction driving, and drives the car and the counterweight by movement of the suspension rope, thereby causing the elevator to ascend and descend (the car to ascend and descend).

Recently, the application of slings having a small sling diameter is being studied. The diameter and winding angle of the sheave are reduced by reducing the diameter of the rope, and the elevator can be further miniaturized. On the other hand, the reduction in the diameter of the hoist rope reduces the contact area between the hoist rope and the sheave, resulting in a reduction in the power transmission (traction) of the hoist rope. The driving force (traction force) of the hoist rope generated by traction is represented by the product of the contact surface pressure of the hoist rope and the sheave and the traction coefficient of oil (oil film). In order to obtain traction force with respect to reduction of the contact area, it is necessary to increase the contact surface pressure at the rope-sheave contact portion or to replace it with oil having a high traction coefficient. In addition, by increasing the contact surface pressure, there is also a fear of an increase in wear caused by contact of the hoist rope with the sheave.

Here, the thinning of the slings increases the contact surface pressure of the contact portions, and the tensile strength of the slings decreases. Although the contact surface pressure is increased by increasing the weight of the car or the like, the load on the sling is also increased, and therefore, it is necessary to adjust the contact surface pressure in consideration of the safety of the sling. In addition to the reduction in size of the device, the reduction in weight of the car and the like has been studied from the viewpoint of energy saving and long life, and there are many technical limitations on the method of increasing the contact surface pressure. Therefore, in the elevator sling, application of oil, grease, and the like capable of obtaining excellent traction with respect to reduction of the contact area is required.

As an example of a traction type elevator using a high-traction sling, patent document 1 discloses a traction type elevator apparatus characterized in that a soft solid oil agent or a grease-like oil agent having a desired dropping point and consistency is applied at least to a sling by using a base agent of one or a combination of polybutene and liquid polyisobutylene and fixing the base agent with a thickener.

Further, patent document 2 discloses a traction drive fluid for a traction drive device (a device for transmitting a drive force by point contact or line contact between rotating rigid bodies) composed of an oligomer of cyclopentadiene having a prescribed molecular structure and having a viscosity of 5 centistokes (mm) at 40 ℃²From s to 60 centistokes (mm)²Polybutene formation per s).

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 58-176298

Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 5-105890

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

In order to ensure the safety of an elevator and reduce the number of maintenance and inspection of the elevator, it is desirable that an elevator rope has high wear resistance in addition to high traction characteristics. In order to achieve high wear resistance of an elevator rope, it is considered to provide elevator rope oil or grease having high oil film retention (lubricity retention) between the rope and the sheave.

The liquid polybutene and polyisobutylene contained in the grease of patent document 1 have the following characteristics: although excellent in traction characteristics (high traction coefficient), molecules are easily deformed at high surface pressure due to the straight-chain hydrocarbon, and the oil film thickness is easily reduced. This tends to cause oil film breakage between the rope and the sheave, and as a result, wear tends to increase at the contact surface, which may result in a rope having a shorter life than a rope using a common mineral oil grease. Further, if the oil film between the rope and the sheave becomes thin, the power of the hoisting winch may not be smoothly transmitted to the rope due to the influence of abrasion powder generated by abrasion or the like in addition to the direct contact between the components, and a braking failure of the elevator may occur.

The traction drive fluid of patent document 2 has the following features: the fluid of a predetermined composition exhibits excellent traction performance, low viscosity, thermal stability, and the like. In terms of device specifications, it is desirable that the fluid have a viscosity of 20 centistokes (mm)²From s to 25 centistokes (mm)²S) it is important to improve traction performance by reducing viscosity as much as possible. It is also shown that, when the molecular weight and viscosity of the fluid are high, a decrease in traction coefficient or the like occurs, and the target performance cannot be obtained. When the traction drive fluid is used for a rope for an elevator, the viscosity is low, and therefore, if the grease is once softened, the grease is gradually lost from the rope by scattering or the like, and there is a high possibility of causing wear and poor braking of the elevator. In a fluid (base oil) used for grease, the retention and adhesion of oil on a surface of a suspension rope are particularly important, and it is considered that the expected performance cannot be exhibited.

As described above, conventional techniques have not been able to provide grease for elevator slings having high traction characteristics, high abrasion resistance, and adhesion to the surface of the slings, and elevator slings and traction elevators using the grease, and further improvements have been desired.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide grease for elevator slings that can achieve both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance, and further has adhesion to the surface of the slings; and an elevator sling and a traction elevator using the grease for elevator sling.

Means for solving the problems

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a grease for an elevator suspension rope, which is a grease for an elevator suspension rope constituting a grease layer of an elevator suspension rope, the elevator suspension rope having a steel rope and the grease layer formed on the surface of the steel rope, the grease for an elevator suspension rope being characterized by being formed of a grease containing a base oil, the base oil containing a hydrocarbon component and a naphthene compound, the hydrocarbon component being a compound having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of more than 60mm²A liquid or solid per second, comprising 30 to 90 mass% of the hydrocarbon component of the grease.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

According to the present invention, a grease for elevator slings can be provided that can achieve both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance, and further has adhesion to the surface of the slings; and an elevator sling and a traction elevator using the grease for elevator sling.

Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be further apparent from the following description of the embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a traction elevator according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an elevator sling according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[ lubricating grease for elevator slings ]

As described above, the elevator suspension cable of the present inventionThe grease (hereinafter also referred to simply as "grease") is formed from a grease comprising a base oil containing a hydrocarbon component and a cycloalkane compound, the hydrocarbon component having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of more than 60mm²The liquid or solid per second contains 30 to 90 mass% of the hydrocarbon component of the grease. By containing a hydrocarbon component having excellent traction characteristics and a cycloalkane compound imparting wear resistance to the grease, it is possible to obtain a grease having both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance, and further having high adhesion to the surface of a suspension rope.

In the present specification, a high viscosity oil that is thickened by adding a thickener to a base oil alone or a base oil is referred to as "sling oil (rope oil)", and an oil that is solid in a non-shearing state and includes a base oil and a thickener is referred to as "grease". Hereinafter, each structure of the grease of the present invention will be described in detail.

(1) Base oil

In the present invention, the base oil comprises (A) a hydrocarbon component and (B) a naphthenic compound, and is constituted as an oil that is liquid under normal elevator operating temperature conditions (40 ℃). Unlike the traction drive fluid of patent document 2, the grease for elevator slings is regarded as important as the adhesion to the surface of the slings.

The component (a) is not particularly limited as long as it is within a range in which the traction properties can be maintained, and is preferably a compound having a hydrocarbon group in a side chain, as represented by the following general formulae (14) and (15).

General formula (14)

General formula (15)

As the specific compounds represented by the above general formulae (14) and (15), polyisobutylene, polybutene, polypropylene, (polybutene (poly-1-butene), polyisobutylene), poly-1-pentene, poly-1-hexene, poly-1-heptene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, poly-1-octene, poly-1-nonene, poly-1-decene and the like are preferable. Among them, compounds having a short molecular chain in the side chain are preferable, and polybutene or polyisobutylene is particularly preferable.

The component (A) may be used by mixing a plurality of substances having different states (liquid or solid), molecular weights or viscosities. In particular, the polybutene or polyisobutene used is preferably one having a kinematic viscosity (40 ℃) of more than 60mm from the viewpoint of adhesion to the surface of the elevator sling and prevention of oil film breakage²A liquid or solid in s, more preferably having a kinematic viscosity (40 ℃) of 100mm²Liquid or solid above s. The viscosity of the base oil can be adjusted by the type and content of the component (A).

Among cyclic hydrocarbon-containing cycloalkane compounds as the component (B), an adamantane derivative containing adamantane in its molecular structure and a polycyclic cycloalkane compound containing a plurality of cyclic hydrocarbons in its molecular structure are preferable. An adamantane derivative is a compound having adamantane as a basic skeleton and further having at least one functional group. Specifically, the compound is at least one compound represented by the following general formula (1).

General formula (1)

In the general formula (1), n represents an integer of 0 to 10. R₁₀Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an acetyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or an alkylhydroxyl group.

The compound represented by the general formula (1) is a compound having a molecular structure (large steric hindrance) with a very large volume, which contains an adamantane structure. The compound has a large shear resistance, can suppress the deformation of the molecular structure even when the surface pressure is increased, can maintain the thickness of an oil film, and can realize excellent wear resistance against high surface pressure.

Specific examples of the preferable compounds of the general formula (1) include adamantane, methyladamantane, 1, 3-dimethyladamantane, ethyladamantane, propyladamantane, isopropyladamantane, adamantanecarboxylic acid, acetyladamantane, aminoadamantane, adamantanol, hydroxymethyladamantane, hydroxyethyladamantane, 1, 3-adamantanediol, 1, 3, 5-adamantanetriol, 3, 5-dimethyl-1-adamantanemethanol and 2-ethyl-2-adamantanol.

Further, the polycyclic cycloalkane compound refers to a series of compounds having a plurality of cyclic hydrocarbons in the molecular structure. Specifically, the compound is at least one compound represented by the following general formula (2).

General formula (2)

In the general formula (2), n represents an integer of 0 to 4. X, X ' and X ' represent monocyclic cyclic hydrocarbon or cyclic hydrocarbon with a cross-linking structure, R and R ' represent a direct bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and Q represents a hydrogen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or cyclic hydrocarbon. X, X ', X ', R, R ' and Q may have an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a cyclic hydrocarbon in a side chain, and the structures are selected independently of each other.

The compound represented by the general formula (2) is the following compound: cyclic hydrocarbons having a plurality of cyclohexyl skeletons and the like have a very bulky molecular structure (large steric hindrance) in which rings are bonded to each other through a hydrocarbon or directly bonded to each other. Therefore, as with the compound of the general formula (1), the compound has a large shear resistance, suppresses deformation of the molecular structure even when the surface pressure increases, maintains the thickness of the oil film, and realizes excellent wear resistance against high surface pressure.

Examples of the polycyclic cycloalkane compound represented by the general formula (2) include various compounds, and preferable compounds include compounds represented by the following general formulae (3) to (8).

General formula (3)

General formula (4)

General formula (5)

General formula (6)

General formula (7)

General formula (8)

General formula (9)

General formula (10)

General formula (11)

R of the general formulae (4) to (6) and (7)₁～R₇Containing a hydrocarbon group represented by the general formulae (9) to (11)R of formulae (9) to (11)₁′～R₁₂' are each independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group, or a cyclohexyl group having a crosslinked structure. N1 to n15 in the general formulae (3) to (8) represent an integer of 0 to 9 or 0 to 11 depending on the structure of the cyclic hydrocarbon, Q₁～Q₁₅Independently selected from alkyl with 1-3 carbon atoms, monocyclic cyclohexyl or cyclohexyl with a crosslinking structure, and when n 1-n 15 are integers of more than 2, a plurality of Q₁～Q₁₅The structures are each selected independently of one another. Q of the formulae (5) and (6)₁′～Q₃' are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group, or a cyclohexyl group having a crosslinked structure.

In the compounds of the general formulae (3) to (11), R in the formula₁′～R₁₂' and Q₁～Q₁₅The alkyl groups of (a) are in particular methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and isopropyl. R₁′～R₁₂' more preferably hydrogen or methyl, and particularly preferably a group in which the carbon atom adjacent to the cyclohexyl group is methylated. The compounds of the general formulae (3) to (8) may be used alone or in combination in any ratio.

Preferred examples of the general formulae (3) to (8) include compounds containing 2 to 4 cyclic compounds, and specific examples thereof include dicyclohexyl, 1, 2-dicyclohexylpropane, 1, 2-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpropane, 2, 3-dicyclohexylbutane, 2, 3-dicyclohexyl-2-methylbutane, 2, 3-dicyclohexyl-2, 3-dimethylbutane, 1, 3-dicyclohexyl-butane, 1, 3-dicyclohexyl-3-methylbutane, 2, 4-dicyclohexyl pentane, 2, 4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane, 2, 4-dicyclohexyl-2, 4-dimethylpentane, 1, 3-dicyclohexyl-2-methylbutane, and, 2, 4-dicyclohexyl-2, 3-dimethylbutane, 2, 4-dicyclohexyl-2, 3-dimethylpentane, 2, 4, 6-tricyclohexyl-2, 4-dimethylheptane, 2, 4, 6-tricyclohexyl-2-methylhexane, 2, 4, 6-tricyclohexyl-2, 4, 6-trimethylheptane, 2, 4, 6, 8-tetracyclohexyl-2, 4, 6, 8-tetramethylnonane, bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylenebicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2-dimethylheptane, 2, 3-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-7-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-7-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2, 7-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-5-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-5-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2, 5-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-6-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-6-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2, 6-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-1-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, heptane, 3-methylene-1-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 1, 2-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-4-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-4-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2, 4-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3, 7-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2, 7-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2, 3, 7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3, 6-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2, 6-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2-methylene-3, 3-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2, 2-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2, 3, 6-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3-ethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, and 3-methylene-2-ethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2-methyl-3-ethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, and the like.

The compounds represented by the general formulae (3) to (8) each have a molecular structure containing a plurality of alicyclic hydrocarbons, and have a structure in which rings are directly bonded to each other or are crosslinked through a hydrocarbon. Therefore, the steric hindrance of the molecules is large, and the deformation is not easily caused even when a high pressure is applied, and an oil film having a sufficient thickness for the contact between the rope and the sheave is formed.

The production method of the compounds of the general formulae (3) to (8) is not particularly limited, and a known or arbitrary method can be employed. Examples thereof include: a method in which alpha-methylstyrene or styrene is subjected to dimerization reaction or trimerization reaction and then hydrogenated; a process for producing a naphthenic synthetic lubricating oil. In addition, can contain in the manufacturing process generated in the four dimer compounds, but the high molecular weight polymer sometimes as a solid form obtained, therefore, more preferably two dimer compounds or trimer compounds.

Further, as another example of the cycloalkane compound, there may be mentioned a hydride of a monocyclic or dimer or higher cyclic monoterpene (hydrogenated product) and a hydride of a derivative of a monocyclic or dimer or higher cyclic monoterpene (cyclic monoterpene derivative). Examples of the cyclic monoterpenes and cyclic monoterpene derivatives (cyclic monoterpenes) include various substances, and preferable examples thereof include menthadienes, cyclic hydrocarbons having a crosslinked structure, and mixtures thereof. These are known to be hydrocarbons having isoprene as a structural unit, and further have structural isomers and enantiomers (d-form and 1-form) depending on the molecular structure. The reactivity of the synthesis of polymers of the above menthadienes and cyclic hydrocarbons having a crosslinked structure is relatively high. In addition, since a large amount of the oil has a cyclic structure, a base oil having a large steric hindrance can be formed. Further, the above-mentioned compounds are also known as biological substances produced by plants, insects, fungi and the like, and are compounds derived from natural products, and can be produced from non-petroleum materials, which is advantageous in terms of resource saving.

Menthadienes are compounds having a structure in which methyl groups and isopropyl groups are substituted at the 1, 2-, 1, 3-or 1, 4-positions of the cyclohexane ring, respectively, and having two carbon-carbon double bonds. Specific examples thereof include limonene, isocitrate, α -terpinene, β -terpinene, γ -terpinene, terpinolene, α -phellandrene, β -phellandrene, and enantiomers thereof. In addition, derivatives having a substituent such as an alkyl group or a hydroxyl group introduced therein can be similarly exemplified.

Examples of the cyclic hydrocarbon having a crosslinked structure include α -pinene, β -pinene, camphene, bornene, fenchylene, sabinene, and enantiomers thereof. In addition, derivatives having a substituent such as an alkyl group or a hydroxyl group introduced therein can be similarly exemplified.

In addition, a mixture containing the cyclic monoterpenes and derivatives thereof described above can be used as the base oil in the same manner. Specific examples thereof include essential oils such as dipentene which is an isomer mixture of p-menthadiene and turpentine which is a mixture of α -pinene and β -pinene.

The monocyclic cyclic monoterpenes and derivatives thereof in the present invention include, for example, compounds obtained by hydrogenation of the above-mentioned menthadienes and substances similar thereto. From the viewpoint of chemical stability, compounds containing no unsaturated hydrocarbon are preferable, and more preferable examples include norbornane and derivatives thereof, fenchyne and derivatives thereof, pinane and derivatives thereof, and the like.

The cyclic monoterpenes and derivatives thereof having at least two dimers in the present invention are compounds (multimers) obtained by multimerization of cyclic monoterpenes or cyclic monoterpenes, and may be a single multimer or a mixture containing a plurality of multimers (for example, a mixture containing a multimer of limonene and a multimer of α -terpinene). In addition, multimers comprising different types of cyclic monoterpenes and cyclic monoterpenes are also possible. For example, the polymer may be a polymer obtained by polymerizing α -pinene (cyclic monoterpene) and β -pinene (cyclic monoterpene), or a polymer obtained by polymerizing limonene (cyclic monoterpene) and a derivative thereof (cyclic monoterpene).

The multimer is not particularly limited as long as it is a dimer or more, and may be a mixture (for example, a mixture of a dimer and a trimer) containing multimers having different numbers of units (the number of monomers constituting the multimer), but a multimer having a large molecular weight may be obtained in a solid form. When the base oil is obtained in a solid form, the base oil can be used by adjusting the viscosity by dissolving in a solvent or the like, but the base oil is diluted in this case, and the traction characteristics may be lowered. Therefore, a dimer compound or a trimer compound is more preferable. The number of units in the multimer depends on the position of the double bond of the monomer before the multimerization reaction.

The cyclic monoterpenes or derivatives thereof are polymerized in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a polymer. The catalyst used for the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, and an acidic catalyst is generally used. Specifically, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, aluminum chloride, iron (II) chloride, tin (II) chloride, zeolite, silica, alumina, cation exchange resin, heteropoly acid, and the like. A polymerization reaction is carried out by charging a cyclic monoterpene compound or a derivative thereof and the catalyst into a reaction vessel. In addition, in order to disperse the catalyst, a solvent such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, toluene, or 1, 2-diethoxyethane may be used. Further, a reaction modifier such as an ester, a ketone or a glycol may be added as necessary.

Next, the cyclic monoterpene compound or derivative thereof obtained as above is subjected to hydrogenation to obtain a hydrogenated product of the cyclic monoterpene compound or derivative thereof, and the target base oil is prepared. The hydrogenation reaction can be carried out by a usual method. For example, the hydrogenation reaction (contact hydrogenation) is carried out by passing hydrogen gas through the catalyst in the presence of a metal catalyst (nickel, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, iridium, or the like) suitable for the hydrogenation reaction and heating the catalyst.

Depending on the molecular structure, the hydrogenation reaction may be carried out by reduction with a hydride using an acid group type hydrogenation complex compound such as lithium aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, lithium triethylborohydride, or lithium borohydride. Generally, hydrogenation is carried out by heterogeneous contact hydrogenation using a metal catalyst, but depending on the position of the double bond of the starting material, reduction may be difficult by this method and hydride reduction (homogeneous hydrogenation) may occur more easily, and therefore, it is preferable to select an appropriate method for the hydrogenation reaction depending on the molecular structure of each compound.

The component (B) is a compound having a plurality of cyclic hydrocarbons, and having a molecular structure (large steric hindrance) in which rings are bonded to each other via hydrocarbons or directly bonded to each other. By forming the base oil containing the compound, grease suitable for elevator slings, which is imparted with high wear resistance, can be obtained.

In addition, in addition to the adamantane derivative and polycyclic cycloalkane compound, monocyclic aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon may also be used. Although the steric hindrance is smaller than that of the above-mentioned compound, the wear resistance of the base oil can be improved for the same reason.

For the purpose of compatibility with the thickener, viscosity of the base oil, stability of the grease, traction control, and the like, the base oil of the present invention may be a mixed oil in which a mineral oil (paraffin oil, naphthene oil), a synthetic ester oil, a synthetic ether oil, a synthetic hydrocarbon oil, and the like are appropriately blended, or may be used by adding these oils as the base oil to the component (a) and the component (B). These base oils can be selected according to the design specifications of the elevator.

In addition, it can be seen that: the abrasion resistance when a composite product (mixed oil) of polybutene or polyisobutene and a cycloalkane compound is used is also effective in the formation of a composite product of a small amount of a cycloalkane compound. As shown in examples described later, when the abrasion resistance of the base oil is compared, the abrasion resistance of the base oil can be reduced by 30% or more by forming a composite in which the naphthenic compound is at least 1% by mass or more.

The following explains the above effects. When an oil film is formed under a high surface pressure, a part of a cycloalkane compound precipitates (solidifies), and a domain (island layer) is formed by forcibly compressing and solidifying while involving nearby polybutene or polyisobutylene, thereby forming a pseudo phase separation structure (sea-island structure) in the oil film. It is presumed that the effect of suppressing direct contact between metals can be exhibited even with a small amount of the cycloalkane compound by forming a domain having the cycloalkane oil as a core in the grease (or the mixed oil) and allowing the domain to function as a buffer having a large volume.

The effect of dramatically improving the wear resistance by adding a small amount of the above-mentioned cycloalkane compound depends on a special phase change in the oil film under a high surface pressure, which is a new finding that has not been found before.

The optimum blending ratio of the base oil may be appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, traction performance and abrasion resistance, and the optimum addition amounts are as follows: (A) the component (B) is 30-90% by mass of the grease, and the cycloalkane compound is 1-70% by mass of the grease. Further, 50 mass% or less of the base oil other than the components (A) and (B) of the grease may be added.

(2) Thickening agent

The grease of the present invention may be one in which a thickener is added to solidify the base oil. The thickener can be used without particular limitation as long as it can be mixed into grease, and examples of the thickener include: mineral oil-based waxes (microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, petrolatum, and the like), synthetic hydrocarbon waxes (synthesized from decomposition gas of coal by the fischer-tropsch process), olefin derivative polymer waxes (polyethylene wax, α -olefin wax), fatty acid derivative waxes (amide wax, ketone wax), mineral waxes (montanic acid wax), animal waxes (beeswax, spermaceti wax), and vegetable waxes (carnauba wax, japan wax). The kind and amount of these waxes to be added are determined in consideration of the influence on the traction coefficient, thixotropy, and adherence to the sling. The amount of the thickener added is preferably 0.5 to 25% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, of the grease.

In the sling oil and grease, various additives may be added to impart functions such as rust prevention, oxidation resistance, and wear prevention, as long as the traction coefficient is not lowered. Examples of the rust inhibitor include metal salts and amines of sulfonic acid compounds. Examples of the antioxidant include phenol antioxidants such as 2, 6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, amine antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine, and organic sulfur antioxidants such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. Examples of the wear inhibitor include fine graphite, molybdenum disulfide, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, polytetrafluoroethylene powder, and the like. As the grease compatibility modifier and the oil agent at the metal interface, an anionic surfactant (e.g., sodium fatty acid), a nonionic surfactant (e.g., sorbitan fatty acid ester), and a zwitterionic surfactant (e.g., alkyl amino fatty acid salt) may be used.

Further, as the thickener, a thixotropy-imparting agent may be added. The thixotropy-imparting agent is a compound having a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group in one molecule, and has a characteristic that molecules form a structure with each other by hydrogen bonding in a solution when dissolved in oil or the like to form a solid composition. Has thixotropy which is easily softened by shearing, and becomes a liquid composition with high viscosity. Further, the shear stress is removed, and the structure is formed again by the hydrogen bond, thereby forming a solid composition. The thixotropic property of the composition is exhibited under temperature conditions which can be related to an elevator lifting passage represented by the vicinity of room temperature, and the composition can achieve both high adhesion to a surface of a sling and stabilization of an oil film at a contact surface of the sling and a pulley.

The grease of the present invention, in which the polycyclic cycloalkane compound is added to the base oil, exhibits a tendency to solidify the oil even when the amount of the thickener added is small, as compared with the case where only a normal paraffin-containing mineral oil or a chain hydrocarbon such as polyisobutylene is used as the base oil. This is presumably because: the large-volume molecular skeleton of the polycyclic cycloalkane compound is a steric hindrance, and the thixotropy-imparting agent has a reduced compatibility as compared with mineral oil or chain hydrocarbon, and is likely to form a structure by a hydrogen bond. Further, since the grease of the present invention is cured with a small amount of a thixotropy-imparting agent, the grease of the present invention can be used without impairing the traction characteristics of the base oil.

The thixotropy-imparting agent is not particularly limited, and any agent that is soluble in the base oil and can solidify the base oil may be used. Examples of the thixotropy imparting agent include fatty acid amides, fatty acid diamides, fatty acid triamides, fatty acid tetra-amides, oxidized polyolefins, hydrogenated castor oil, and the like. The kind and amount of these thixotropy imparting agents are determined in consideration of the influence of the sling oil on the traction coefficient and the adhesion (adhesion) to the sling.

Among the thixotropy imparting agents, fatty acid amides and fatty acid diamides are particularly preferable examples because they have a suitable compatibility with polycyclic cycloalkane compounds and are excellent in structure formation by hydrogen bonding. Specifically, the compounds are represented by the following general formulae (12) and (13).

General formula (12)

General formula (13)

In the formula of the general formula (12), R₁"is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R of the general formula (13)₃"is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R of the general formula (12)₂", R of the general formula (13)₄"and R₅"are each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 24 carbon atoms. For the purpose of compatibility with base oil and promotion of formation of structure from hydrogen bond, etc., R₁″～R₅"may have a substituent such as an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a phenyl group in their side chain. Particularly preferably in R₂″、R₄"and R₅"has a hydroxyl group in the side chain. The compounds of the general formulae (12) and (13) may be used alone or in combination in any combination and ratio.

Preferred examples of the general formulae (12) and (13) are reaction products of monoamines or diamines with fatty acids. Examples of the monoamine include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-methylpropylamine, tert-butylamine, pentylamine, 2-pentylamine, 3-pentylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, 3-methylbutylamine, neopentylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, laurylamine, tridecylamine, myristylamine, pentadecylamine, palmitylamine, n-heptadecylamine, stearylamine, nonadecylamine, arachidylamine, heneicosanylamine, behenylamine, tricosanamine, cyclohexylamine, and phenylamine.

Examples of the diamine include ethylenediamine, 1, 2-propylenediamine, 1, 3-propylenediamine, 1, 4-butylenediamine, 1, 3-pentylenediamine, 1, 5-pentylenediamine, 1, 6-hexylenediamine, 2-methyl-1, 5-pentylenediamine, 1, 7-heptylenediamine, 1, 8-octylenediamine, hexahydroo-xylylenediamine, hexahydrom-xylylenediamine, hexahydrop-xylylenediamine, 1, 2-phenylenediamine, 1, 3-phenylenediamine, and 1, 4-phenylenediamine.

Examples of the fatty acid include butyric acid, valeric acid, pivalic acid, hydrogenated angelic acid, isovaleric acid, isocaproic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosanoic acid, behenic acid, tricosanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, and hydroxystearic acid. In addition, their isomers or derivatives such as carboxylic acid halides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, and active esters are also included.

The amount of the thixotropy-imparting agent added is preferably 0.5 to 25% by mass, more preferably 1 to 10% by mass, of the grease. If less than 0.5 mass%, the base oil cannot be solidified; if the amount is more than 25% by mass, the base oil becomes thin and the traction characteristics are deteriorated. In order to easily solidify the oil in a small amount, it is preferable to select the amount of the oil to be added in consideration of the design surface pressure of the elevator, the influence on the traction coefficient, the ease of grease production, and the like. Regarding the mixing consistency and dropping point of the grease, in view of processability and long-term adhesion to slings, it is preferable that the non-mixing consistency is 200 to 400 and the dropping point is 30 to 110 ℃. The unmixed consistency and the dropping point are mainly controlled by the kind, the addition amount, the compatibility, and the like of the thixotropy-imparting agent.

The grease of the present invention has the property of liquefying upon heating and solidifying upon cooling. The method of applying the grease to the slings may be carried out by heating and melting the grease, and dipping, coating, or spraying the core cable, the steel wire strands, or the slings. In addition, when the slings are produced, the lubricating grease can be applied to the slings by melting and heating the stranded openings (exposed openings) of the core wires and the wire strands.

Further, by utilizing the thixotropy of the grease, for example, by applying the grease in a block form to the surface of a member in operation such as an elevator rope or a sheave during lifting and lowering so as to be in direct contact therewith, the grease can be directly transferred to the surface of the rope or the sheave.

(3) Tackifier

The base oil of the present invention has high traction characteristics, abrasion resistance and adhesion to the surface of a suspension rope, but if necessary, a thickener may be added to prepare a base oil having a higher viscosity. If the viscosity is insufficient, the adhesion (adhesion) of the oil to the contact portion becomes weak, and the oil film is broken when power is transmitted from the sheave, and the wear of the suspension rope is likely to occur.

Here, as shown in (1), polybutene or polyisobutene can be arbitrarily adjusted in viscosity by selecting a substance of an arbitrary molecular weight or compounding a plurality of oils. In addition, in cycloalkane compounds and derivatives thereof, polymers having a large molecular weight are sometimes obtained in the form of highly viscous liquids or solids. For example, since many of the cycloparaffin compounds having a tetramer or more are solid and are difficult to use alone as the base oil, the polymer having a large molecular weight has high solubility in the base oil and high traction characteristics, and therefore, the compound having a tetramer or more functions as a thickener by being mixed with the dimer or trimer compound, and can have the function of a thickener by only the base oil component. Further, for example, under conditions where the contact surface pressure is low, or under conditions where oil film breakage can be suppressed by using a compound having sufficient viscosity as a base oil alone, the grease can be formed without using a thickener. Therefore, in the present invention, since the viscosity of the base oil alone can be increased, the thickener is not an essential component and can be used as necessary depending on the operating conditions of the elevator sling, such as the base oil component and the contact surface pressure.

The weight average molecular weight of the thickener is preferably 500 or more and 100000 or less. By adding such a thickener, even a base oil having low viscosity can exhibit sufficient adhesion to the contact portion, and a sufficient oil film thickness can be maintained even in contact between a rope and a sheave which are subjected to high contact surface pressure like an elevator. This provides grease having excellent traction characteristics and wear resistance.

Generally, a tackifier having a larger molecular weight can increase viscosity by adding a small amount of the tackifier to increase viscosity, but the main chain of the molecule is easily broken when receiving a high contact surface pressure. Therefore, tackifiers having a large molecular weight are not used much in this technical field. However, the steric hindrance of the base oil in the present embodiment is large, and the oil film is considered to be thick. This makes it possible to increase the molecular weight by reducing the damage to the thickener due to the oil film serving as a buffer. On the other hand, since the thickener has lower solubility as the molecular weight is larger, the weight average molecular weight of the thickener is preferably 1000 or more and 100000 or less, more preferably 5000 or more and 50000 or less, and further preferably 8000 or more and 30000 or less.

As the thickener, there can be used isoparaffin such as n-paraffin and poly-alpha-olefin, polycyclic cycloalkane compound such as cyclopentadiene-based petroleum resin, aromatic hydrocarbon or copolymer thereof, and the like. Any thickener may be used as long as it has a weight average molecular weight of 1000 or more and 100000 or less and is soluble or dispersible in the base oil. In particular, polycyclic cycloalkane compounds such as cyclopentadiene and isoparaffins such as polyisobutylene are more preferable because they exhibit traction characteristics comparable to those of base oils.

The amount of the thickener to be added may be appropriately adjusted depending on design specifications and the like, and is preferably 1 to 40% by mass of the grease. If the amount is less than 1% by mass, the effect of a thickener cannot be obtained, and if the amount is more than 40% by mass, the base oil is difficult to be uniformly dissolved therein and the components of the base oil are diluted, so that the traction characteristics of the grease may be lowered. When used as a sling oil, the thickener is preferably added in an amount of 5 to 60% by mass based on the base oil. When the amount is less than 5% by mass, the effect of the thickener cannot be obtained, and when the amount is more than 60% by mass, the viscosity may become too high. The viscosity of the sling oil can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the molecular weight and the addition amount of the tackifier.

[ Elevator suspension rope ]

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an elevator sling. As shown in fig. 2, the elevator suspension rope 4 has a steel rope 40 and a grease layer 11 formed on the surface of the steel rope 40. The wire rope 40 is formed by twisting a plurality of steel wire strands (hereinafter also referred to as "strands") 9 around a core cable 8 made of synthetic fibers or natural fibers, and the steel wire strands 9 are formed by twisting a plurality of steel wires (10a, 10b, and 10 c). In fig. 2, 6 strands 9 are disposed around the core cable 8, but 8 strands 9 may be disposed.

By disposing the grease of the present invention on the surface of the wire rope 40 (the surface 11 of the strand 9 in fig. 2), a rope having a sufficient oil film thickness and adhesion to the rope-sheave contact of an elevator, and excellent traction characteristics and wear resistance can be obtained. In the present invention, the effect of the present invention can be obtained by coating at least the surface of the strand 9 with the grease, but by impregnating the surface or the inside of the core cable 8 with the sling oil or grease of the present invention, the sling oil or grease can be gradually supplied from the core cable 8 to the surface of the strand 9 when the sling is used, and the performance (traction characteristics and abrasion resistance) of the sling can be maintained for a long period of time. Further, if the strand 9 is also impregnated with sling oil or grease, it is possible to retain a larger amount of sling oil or grease, and thus to maintain the performance of the sling for a longer period of time.

Further, since the core wire 8 is impregnated with the slinging oil and the strands 9 are coated or impregnated with the grease having a higher viscosity than the slinging oil, the slinging oil having high fluidity can be efficiently supplied from the core wire 8 to the strands 9, and high adhesion can be given to the strands 9 which are in contact with an external device, so that the slinging oil and the grease can be used separately for the core wire 8 and the strands 9. Of course, grease may be disposed in the core cable 8, on the surface thereof, and in and on the surface of the strands 9. In this case, since the same grease is used for all, it is advantageous in terms of productivity because it is efficient.

The method of forming the grease layer on the wire rope (applying grease to the wire rope) may be performed by heating and melting the grease, and dipping, coating, and spraying the core wire 8, the wire strands 9, and the sling 4 in the same manner as the sling oil. In addition, when the slings are produced, the lubricating grease can be impregnated and applied to the slings by heating and melting the lubricating grease at the twisted openings (exposed openings) of the core wires 8 and the wire strands 9.

As a result of intensive studies on the viscosity of sling oil, a kinematic viscometer at 40 ℃ of preferably 40mm²More preferably 50 mm/s or more²/s～1000mm²And s. The adhesion is improved when the viscosity of the sling oil is increased, but the supply of the sling oil from the core cable 8 to the strands 9 is difficult to occur, and therefore, the sling oil is appropriately selected according to the specifications of the sling or the elevator. The method of applying the sling oil to the wire rope may be performed by dipping, coating, or spraying the sling oil to the core rope or the wire rope, as in the case of the grease. In addition, the oil can be used as maintenance oil for the elevator suspension cable directly at normal temperatureOil is supplied to the slings.

[ traction type Elevator ]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a traction elevator according to the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a car, 2 denotes a balance weight, 3 denotes a sheave connected to a hoisting winch (not shown), 4 denotes a rope (elevator rope), 5a and 5b denote suspension sheaves for suspending the car and the balance weight, respectively, 6 denotes a sheave fixed to the top, and 7 denotes an elevator shaft. One end of the rope 4 is fixed to the top of the elevator shaft 7, and the other end is fixed to the top of the elevator shaft in the order of the car suspension pulley 5a, the top pulley 6, the sheave 3, the top pulley 6, and the counterweight suspension pulley 5 b. The difference in tension between the car 1 and the counterweight 2 is balanced by the suspension rope 4 with the frictional force generated between the suspension rope 4 and the sheave 3. The surface of the slings 4 has a grease layer containing the grease of the present invention described above.

The traction elevator of the present invention has a high traction coefficient of the grease, and therefore can be made smaller and thinner than conventional elevators. In addition, the elevator sling has high wear resistance, so that the replacement frequency of the sling can be reduced.

Further, by using the grease of the present invention as a thixotropic grease, it is also possible to continuously supply the grease to the surface of an elevator component such as a rope or a sheave. This makes use of the property that grease is softened by shearing, and grease can be directly transferred to the surface of an elevator component. Grease can be used without particular limitation as long as it has an appropriate consistency, a mixed consistency, and includes a mechanism that is in direct contact with the elevator components. This reduces maintenance frequency and operation steps during maintenance, suppresses wear of the elevator rope and the like, and prolongs the life of the elevator. The installation position of the mechanism is not particularly limited, and the mechanism can be used in consideration of design specifications of the elevator, ease of maintenance, and the like.

Examples

The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(1) Evaluation method of sling oil and lubricating grease

(1-1) determination of kinematic viscosity, consistency and dropping Point of Sling oil

The kinematic viscosity of sling oil (40 ℃, 100 ℃) was measured according to JIS standard (JIS K2283). In addition, the consistency (unmixed consistency, mixed consistency) and the dropping point of the grease were measured based on JIS standard (JIS K2220). Further, the viscosity grade was evaluated based on ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 3448 from the value of kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of sling oil.

(1-2) traction coefficient measurement

The traction coefficient measurement was performed using a Ball on Disk test apparatus. The test apparatus has a mechanism for rotating both the ball and the disk, and can arbitrarily change the sliding speed and the rotating speed. The measurement conditions were a load of 30N (Hertz surface pressure: 0.82GPa), a rotational speed: 500mm/s, temperature 30 ℃, sliding speed: the coefficient of traction was measured by changing the sliding speed from 0mm/s to 1000mm/s, and the maximum value (. mu.max) was defined as the coefficient of traction of the sample.

The material of the rolling element was high-carbon chromium bearing steel (SUJ2 steel material) according to JIS standard (JIS G4805: 2008).

(1-3) Farex abrasion test

Extreme pressure testing of oils was performed using a Farex frictional wear test apparatus, referred to ASTM-D2670. The test piece was made of carbon steel (journal pin (. phi.6.35 mm): Nickel-chromium steel (SAE3135), V-block: Sulfur-containing free-cutting Steel (AISI1137)), and the test piece impregnated with oil was subjected to constant speed and load (rotational speed: 290 min)^-1And temperature: 70 ℃ and test run: 89N, 5min, main determination: 445N, 3 hours). The wear amount is obtained by calculating the total wear depth of the pin and the block according to the change in the scale of the ratchet of the load mechanism.

(1-4) gel filtration chromatography assay

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the thickener was determined by means of Gel filtration Chromatography (GPC: Gel Permeation Chromatography) apparatus (solvent: tetrahydrofuran, polystyrene standard).

(2) Synthesis of base oil and evaluation results

(2-1) reference example 1: synthesis of synthetic oils 1-3

A10-liter (hereinafter, liter is referred to as "L") glass reaction vessel was charged with 5kg of alpha-methylstyrene and 100g of 12-tungstic acid as a catalyst, heated at 50 ℃ for 1 hour, stirred to effect a reaction, cooled in a water bath at 20 ℃ and the solid catalyst was filtered off. The filtrate was charged into a 200L autoclave, and 500g of cyclohexane and a Pd-containing activated carbon-supported hydrogenation catalyst (Pd supported at 5% by mass) (hereinafter, the catalyst will be referred to as "Pd/C hydrogenation catalyst") were further added thereto, followed by sealing, and the pressure of hydrogen was adjusted to 60kg/cm²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 180 ℃ for 8 hours, cooled to room temperature and the catalyst was filtered off.

The resulting product was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography and the results were: 48.2% by mass of a dimer component (2, 4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane: synthetic oil 1) was produced, 32.3% by mass of a trimer component (2, 4, 6-tricyclohexyl-2, 4-dimethylheptane: synthetic oil 2) was produced, and 9.7% by mass of a tetramer component (synthetic oil 3) was produced.

The whole reaction solution was charged into a rotary evaporator, and the monomer (cyclohexane) and light components were distilled off, followed by separation of the components by distillation under reduced pressure.

(2-2) reference example 2: synthesis of synthetic oil 4

1000g of a-methylstyrene dimer, 5000g of cyclohexane, and 10g of Pd/C hydrogenation catalyst were charged into a 10L autoclave equipped with a stirrer and sealed. The autoclave was maintained at 0.1MPa with hydrogen and stirred at room temperature (25 ℃ C.) for 18 hours. Thereafter, the autoclave was opened, the Pd/C hydrogenation catalyst was filtered off, and cyclohexane was distilled off to obtain 1125g of 2-methyl-2, 4-diphenylpentane.

Next, 1000g of the 2-methyl-2, 4-diphenylpentane and AlCl were charged in a 10L three-necked reaction vessel equipped with a calcium chloride tube, a cooling tube and a dropping funnel₃100 g. 2000g of diisobutylene was dropped from the dropping funnel over 30 minutes while stirring, and then the temperature was raised to 60 ℃ and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. 3000g of distilled water was added dropwise to the reaction vessel over 30 minutes while cooling the reaction vessel with an ice bath to make AlCl₃And (5) decomposing. Then, the mixture was allowed to stand, and the organic layer was separated by using anhydrous Na₂SO₄To take offWater, to thereby obtain 3000g of a mixture containing an alkylated product of 2-methyl-2, 4-diphenylpentane and a polymer of diisobutylene.

The whole amount of the reaction solution, 30000g of cyclohexane and 300g of N-113 nickel-based hydrogenation catalyst were charged into an autoclave, the autoclave was sealed, hydrogenation was carried out at 200 ℃ under a hydrogen pressure of 6.1MPa for 2 hours, the catalyst was filtered off after cooling, and cyclohexane was distilled off. The reaction mixture was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 1600g of a fraction (hydrogenated product of alkylated product of 2-methyl-2, 4-diphenylpentane: synthetic oil 4) at 165 ℃ to 180 ℃ under 2 mmHg.

The synthetic oil 4 is formed by mixing a plurality of substances, and the main substances contained in the synthetic oil 4 are synthetic oil A, synthetic oil B, synthetic oil C and synthetic oil D. In the synthetic oil 4, the total content of the synthetic oil a and the synthetic oil B was 20 mass%, and the total content of the synthetic oil C and the synthetic oil D was 60 mass%. The synthetic oils A to D are as follows.

Synthetic oil A:

exo (exo) -2-methyl-exo-3-methyl-endo (bridge) -2- [ (endo-3-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-exo-2-yl) methyl ] bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane

Synthetic oil B:

Exo-2-methyl-Exo-3-methyl-endo-2- [ (endo-2-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-Exo-3-yl) methyl ] bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane

Synthetic oil C:

endo-2-methyl-exo-3-methyl-exo-2- [ (exo-3-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-exo-2-yl) methyl ] bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane

Synthetic oil D:

endo-2-methyl-exo-3-methyl-exo-2- [ (exo-2-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-exo-3-yl) methyl ] bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane

(2-3) reference example 3: synthesis of synthetic oil 5

A2L autoclave made of stainless steel was charged with 561g of crotonaldehyde and 352g of dicyclopentadiene, and the mixture was stirred at 170 ℃ for 3 hours to effect a reaction. After the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, 18g of Raney nickel catalyst was added thereto under a hydrogen pressure of 9kg/cm²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 150 ℃ for 4 hours. After cooling, the catalyst is filtered off, after which the filtrate is distilled under reduced pressure to give a distillate of 105 ℃/20mmHg500g is divided.

Subsequently, 20g of gamma-alumina was added thereto to conduct dehydration reaction at a reaction temperature of 285 ℃ to obtain 450g of a product. Further, 8g of boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex and 400g of a dehydrated reaction product were charged into a 1L four-necked flask, and dimerization reaction was carried out at 20 ℃ for 4 hours while stirring. After the reaction mixture was washed with a dilute aqueous NaOH solution and saturated brine, 12g of a Ni/diatomaceous earth catalyst for hydrogenation was charged in a 1 liter autoclave under a hydrogen pressure of 30kg/cm²(G) The hydrogenation reaction was carried out at a reaction temperature of 250 ℃ for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 200g of a mixture of the intended dimer hydride (synthetic oil 5).

(2-4) production and evaluation results of the sling oils of examples 1 to 8

As base oil, polyisobutene (polyisobutene oil 1: kinematic viscosity 110 mm) was used²S (40 ℃), polyisobutylene oil 2: kinematic viscosity 655mm²S (40 ℃), polyisobutylene oil 3: kinematic viscosity 3, 450mm²(40 ℃), solid polyisobutylene (weight average molecular weight Mw: 9000)), and naphthenic compounds (synthetic oils 1 to 5), as tackifiers, styrene elastomers (styrene-ethylene copolymer, styrene copolymerization ratio: about 70%, weight average molecular weight Mw: 80000) Thus, sling oil was prepared and evaluated for ISO viscosity grade and traction coefficient. Table 1 shows the composition of the sling oil and the evaluation results (measured values of the respective physical properties). In the compositions in table 1, "%" means "% by mass". The same applies to tables 2 to 5 described later. All showed excellent traction coefficient and maintained high viscosity, showing excellent performance as sling oil.

[ Table 1]

(2-5) evaluation results of comparative example 1

For comparison with the sling oil used in the examples, only polyisobutylene was usedOil 1: kinematic viscosity 205mm²ISO viscosity grades, traction coefficients and abrasion loss were evaluated at 40 ℃. The evaluation results are shown in table 2.

(2-6) production and evaluation results of the slinger oils of examples 9-12

Sling oils were prepared by changing the amount of the synthetic oil 1 based on the sling oil listed in example 1, and were evaluated for ISO viscosity grade, traction coefficient, and wear amount. The composition of the sling oil and the evaluation results are shown in table 2. The amounts of the respective components added were adjusted so as to achieve VG100 in ISO viscosity class (ISO 3448), and were adjusted so as not to have an influence due to viscosity.

All the sling oils showed high values of traction coefficient, but according to the results of the farex abrasion test, sling oils containing at least 1% or more of naphthenic compounds showed a tendency to suppress the abrasion amount by 30% or more, compared to sling oils containing no naphthenic compounds (comparative example 1). Although the polyisobutylene oil of comparative example 1 has viscosity, it is presumed that the oil film is easily broken under a condition of high surface pressure and the abrasion amount becomes large. On the other hand, in the case of a sling oil mixed with a naphthenic compound, a pseudo phase separation structure is formed in the oil film by thickening or curing of the naphthenic compound at the time of formation of the oil film under a high surface pressure, and an effect of suppressing direct contact between metals is presumably exhibited. From the above results, it is understood that the sling oil using the base oil shown in the examples can exhibit high traction and excellent wear resistance.

[ Table 2]

(2-6) production and evaluation results of Sling oils of examples 13 to 16

Polyisobutylene oil 1, solid polyisobutylene, adamantane derivatives (adamantane derivatives 1: 1, 3-dimethyladamantane, adamantane derivatives 2: adamantanol), and cyclic monoterpenes (cyclic monoterpenes 1: norbornane, cyclic monoterpenes 2: fenchyl-ane) were added to base oils to prepare sling oils. The amounts of the respective components added were adjusted so as to attain VG100 in ISO viscosity grade (ISO 3448). The composition of the sling oil and the evaluation results are shown in table 3.

The traction coefficient of all sling oils showed high values, and according to the results of the farex abrasion test, showed a tendency to decrease the abrasion amount compared to sling oil without naphthenic compounds (comparative example 1). From the results, it is understood that the effect of improving the abrasion resistance is also exhibited when an adamantane derivative and a cyclic monoterpene are used as the cycloalkane compound.

[ Table 3]

TABLE 3 compositions and evaluation results of sling oils of examples 13 to 16 and comparative example 1

(2-7) reference example 4: synthesis of synthetic oil 6-8

1kg of D-limonene, 100ml of 1, 2-diethoxyethane and 100g of a cation exchange resin as a catalyst were charged into a 10L glass reaction vessel, heated at 50 ℃ for 6 hours, stirred to react, cooled in a water bath at 20 ℃ and the solid catalyst was filtered off. The solvent and unreacted raw materials were recovered by a rotary evaporator, 500g of the reaction solution was charged into a 1L autoclave, 50g of a nickel catalyst for hydrogenation was charged, the autoclave was closed, and the pressure of hydrogen was 50kg/cm²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 160 ℃ for 4 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and the catalyst was filtered off.

The product obtained was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography and the results were: the dimer component (synthetic oil 6) was 51.2%, the trimer component (synthetic oil 7) was 35.3%, and the tetramer component (synthetic oil 8) was 13.5%. The whole reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure to separate the components.

(2-8) reference example 5: synthesis of synthetic oil 9

1kg of beta-pinene, 200mL of cyclohexane, 100mL of 1, 2-diethoxyethane and 100g of cation exchange resin as a catalyst were charged in a 10L glass reaction vessel, and the mixture was heated at 40 ℃ for 6 hoursAfter stirring to allow the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled in a 20 ℃ water bath, and the solid catalyst was filtered off. The solvent and unreacted raw materials were recovered by a rotary evaporator, 500g of the reaction solution was charged into a 1L autoclave, 50g of a nickel catalyst for hydrogenation was charged, the autoclave was closed, and the pressure of hydrogen was 50kg/cm²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and the catalyst was filtered off.

The product obtained was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography and the results were: a dimer component (synthetic oil 9) was produced. The whole reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure to collect only the dimer component.

(2-9) reference example 6: synthesis of synthetic oil 10

A10L glass reaction vessel was charged with 1kg of camphene, 200mL of cyclohexane, 100mL of 1, 2-diethoxyethane and 100g of cation exchange resin as a catalyst, heated at 50 ℃ for 6 hours, stirred to react, cooled in a water bath at 20 ℃ and the solid catalyst was filtered off. The solvent and unreacted raw materials were recovered by a rotary evaporator, 500g of the reaction solution was charged into a 1L autoclave, 50g of a nickel catalyst for hydrogenation was charged, the autoclave was closed, and the pressure of hydrogen was 50kg/cm²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 110 ℃ for 4 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and the catalyst was filtered off. The obtained product was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography, and as a result, a dimer component (synthetic oil 10) was produced. The whole reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure to collect only the dimer component.

(2-10) reference example 7: synthesis of synthetic oil 11

Into a 10L glass reaction vessel were charged terpinolene 1kg, cyclohexane 200mL, 1, 2-diethoxyethane 100mL and cation exchange resin 100g as a catalyst, heated at 60 ℃ for 6 hours, stirred to react, then cooled in a 20 ℃ water bath, and the solid catalyst was filtered off. The solvent and unreacted raw materials were recovered by a rotary evaporator, 500g of the reaction mixture and 50g of a nickel catalyst for hydrogenation were charged into a 1L autoclave, which was then closed and pressurized with 50kg/cm hydrogen pressure²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and the catalyst was filtered off.

The obtained product was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography, and as a result, a dimer component (synthetic oil 11) was produced. The whole reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure to collect only the dimer component.

(2-11) reference example 8: synthesis of synthetic oils 12-14

1kg of dipentene (isomer mixture of p-menthadiene), 100ml of 1, 2-diethoxyethane and 100g of cation exchange resin as a catalyst were charged into a 10L glass reaction vessel, heated at 60 ℃ for 6 hours, stirred to effect reaction, and then cooled in a 20 ℃ water bath to filter off the solid catalyst. The solvent and unreacted raw materials were recovered by a rotary evaporator, 500g of the reaction solution was charged into a 1L autoclave, 50g of a nickel catalyst for hydrogenation was charged, the autoclave was closed, and the pressure of hydrogen was 50kg/cm²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 160 ℃ for 4 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and the catalyst was filtered off. The product obtained was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography and the results were: 66.3% of a dimer component (synthetic oil 12), 21.3% of a trimer component (synthetic oil 13), and 12.4% of a tetramer component (synthetic oil 14) were produced. The whole reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure to separate the components.

(2-12) reference example 9: synthesis of synthetic oil 15

1kg of turpentine (90% of α -pinene, 5% of β -pinene, and 5% of others), 200mL of cyclohexane, 100mL of 1, 2-diethoxyethane, and 100g of cation exchange resin as a catalyst were charged into a 10-L glass reaction vessel, heated at 40 ℃ for 6 hours, stirred for reaction, cooled in a 20 ℃ water bath, and the solid catalyst was filtered off. The solvent and unreacted raw materials were recovered by a rotary evaporator, 500g of the reaction solution was charged into a 1L autoclave, 50g of a nickel catalyst for hydrogenation was charged, the autoclave was closed, and the pressure of hydrogen was 50kg/cm²(G) Hydrogenation was carried out at 120 ℃ for 4 hours, cooled naturally to room temperature, and the catalyst was filtered off. The obtained product was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography, and as a result, a dimer component (synthetic oil 15) was produced. The whole reaction solution was distilled under reduced pressure to collect only the dimer component.

(2-13) production and evaluation results of the slinger oils of examples 17-26

Examples 17 to 26 were carried out by changing the synthetic oil of example 1 to another polycyclic cycloalkane compound (synthetic oils 6 to 15). The composition of the base oil and the evaluation results are shown in table 4. All showed high traction coefficient and abrasion resistance as in example 1.

[ Table 4]

(2-14) reference example 9: preparation of thickening agent

In a 3L glass reaction vessel, 30g of ethylenediamine and 300g of 12-hydroxystearic acid were dissolved in m-xylene, and 15g of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate as a catalyst was added thereto, followed by heating and refluxing for 10 hours. After the product was filtered off, the product was separated and purified by recrystallization.

The resultant product was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography, and as a result, fatty acid diamide (N, N' -ethylene-bis-12-hydroxystearamide) was obtained.

(2-15) preparation and evaluation of greases of examples 27 to 33 and comparative example 2

Greases were prepared by adding a thickener (wax) to the sling oils of examples 1 and 7. Paraffin wax (melting point 69 ℃), microcrystalline wax (melting point 88 ℃), synthetic hydrocarbon wax (melting point 102 ℃), polyethylene wax (melting point 110 ℃), fatty acid diamide (melting point 143 ℃), montanic acid wax (melting point 100 ℃), and sling oil were mixed together in predetermined amounts. In comparative example 2, a red suspension grease, which is a general grease for an elevator rope, was used. The red sling grease is grease mainly composed of wax. The grease composition and the evaluation results are shown in table 5. The greases of examples 27 to 33 all exhibited excellent traction coefficients and exhibited excellent performance as greases for elevator slings.

The grease conditioning methods described in examples 27 to 33 can be applied to the preparation of grease from other slings, and particularly, the thixotropic properties can be controlled by changing the mixing consistency and the non-mixing consistency of the fatty acid diamide depending on the amount of the added grease. Therefore, the consistency, thixotropy and creep recovery characteristics of the thixotropic grease can be flexibly changed according to the required performance of the sling. In addition, the viscosity of the sling oil shown in the present example was VG100 or more, and the adhesion to the surface of the sling sheave was high even under the condition of liquefaction under a high surface pressure, and the occurrence of oil film breakage and the like could be sufficiently suppressed.

[ Table 5]

Further, since the slings containing the slings oil or grease shown in the above examples exhibit both high traction characteristics and high abrasion resistance, they exhibit excellent performance particularly against the reduction in traction caused by the thinning of the slings and the reduction in the life of the slings due to abrasion.

In addition, by adding the additive in a range that does not affect the traction coefficient of the sling oil and the lubricating grease, functions such as rust prevention, oxidation resistance, wear inhibition and the like can be provided, and required performances such as miniaturization of the device, maintenance saving and the like can be satisfied.

In addition, by using a compound having thixotropy such as fatty acid diamide in the grease of the present invention, it is possible to continuously supply grease to the surface of an elevator component such as a rope or a sheave. By adding a mechanism in which grease is in direct contact with elevator components, grease can be supplied to the surface of a rope or the like in a state where the elevator is in use. Further, since the thixotropy of the grease is utilized, a process such as heating as in the conventional elevator hoist grease is not required, and the grease can be realized by a simple apparatus. This reduces the maintenance frequency and the operation steps required for maintenance, suppresses wear of the elevator rope and the like, and prolongs the life of the elevator.

The above description shows that: according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a grease for elevator slings which is less likely to cause deformation of an oil film even under a high surface pressure between a sling and a sheave and which can achieve both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance by adding (compounding) a cycloalkane compound to a hydrocarbon component such as polybutene. Furthermore, it is shown that: by arbitrarily adjusting the viscosity of the base oil, the slings can be used without oil film break, and the reduction in life due to wear can be greatly suppressed as compared with the conventional case where only polyisobutylene oil is used as the base oil.

Furthermore, it is shown that: by using the grease for elevator slings of the present invention, an elevator sling that has both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance, and a traction elevator using the elevator sling can be provided.

The above embodiments are specific descriptions for facilitating understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to having all the configurations described. For example, a part of the structure of one embodiment may be replaced with the structure of another embodiment, or the structure of another embodiment may be added to the structure of one embodiment. Further, a part of the configuration of each embodiment may be deleted, replaced with another configuration, or added with another configuration. In addition, when the composition, or the like of the components changes in the middle of use due to continuous use or the like, the range of the present invention is included as long as the original performance is maintained.

Description of the reference numerals

1 … car, 2 … balance weight (balance weight), 3 … rope wheel connected with hoisting winch, 4 … suspension rope (elevator suspension rope), 5a … suspension pulley of car, 5b … suspension pulley of balance weight, 6 … fixed pulley on top, 7 … lifting passage, 8 … core cable, 9 … strand, 10a, 10b, 10c … steel wire, 11 … grease (surface of strand 9), 40 … steel wire and 100 … traction type elevator.

Claims (8)

1. A grease for elevator suspension ropes, which is a grease for elevator suspension ropes constituting a grease layer of an elevator suspension rope, the elevator suspension rope having a rope and the grease layer formed on the surface of the rope, characterized in that,

formed from a grease comprising a base oil comprising a hydrocarbon component and a naphthenic compound,

the hydrocarbon component is polybutene or polyisobutene, and the hydrocarbon component has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of more than 60mm²(ii) a liquid or solid, comprising 30 to 90% by mass of the grease for elevator slingsThe above-mentioned hydrocarbon component(s),

the cycloalkane compound contains at least one compound having adamantane as a basic skeleton, represented by the following general formula (1),

general formula (1)

In the general formula (1), n represents an integer of 0 to 10, R₁₀Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an acetyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group or an alkylhydroxyl group.

2. A grease for elevator suspension ropes, which is a grease for elevator suspension ropes constituting a grease layer of an elevator suspension rope, the elevator suspension rope having a rope and the grease layer formed on the surface of the rope, characterized in that,

formed from a grease comprising a base oil comprising a hydrocarbon component and a naphthenic compound,

the hydrocarbon component is polybutene or polyisobutene, and the hydrocarbon component has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ℃ of more than 60mm²A liquid or solid per s, comprising 30 to 90 mass% of the hydrocarbon component of the grease for elevator slings,

the cycloalkane compound contains at least one polycyclic cycloalkane compound represented by the following general formula (2),

general formula (2)

In the general formula (2), n represents an integer of 0 to 4; x, X ' and X ' represent monocyclic cyclic hydrocarbon or cyclic hydrocarbon with a cross-linking structure, R and R ' represent direct bonding or alkylene with 1-3 carbon atoms, Q represents hydrogen atom, alkylene with 1-3 carbon atoms or cyclic hydrocarbon; x, X ', X ', R, R ' and Q may have an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a cyclic hydrocarbon in the side chain, and the structures are selected independently of each other.

3. The grease for elevator slings according to claim 2, wherein said polycyclic cycloalkane compound represented by general formula (2) is a polycyclic cycloalkane compound represented by general formulae (3) to (8),

general formula (3)

General formula (4)

General formula (5)

General formula (6)

General formula (7)

General formula (8)

General formula (9)

General formula (10)

General formula (11)

R of the general formulae (4) to (6) and (8)₁～R₇Comprising alkylene groups of the general formulae (9) to (11), R of the general formulae (9) to (11)₁′～R₁₂' each independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group, or a cyclohexyl group having a crosslinked structure; n1 to n11 in the general formulae (3) to (6) represent integers of 0 to 9, n12 to n15 in the general formulae (7) to (8) represent integers of 0 to 11, and Q₁～Q₁₅Independently selected from alkyl with 1-3 carbon atoms, monocyclic cyclohexyl or cyclohexyl with a crosslinking structure, and when n 1-n 15 are integers of more than 2, a plurality of Q₁～Q₁₅Selecting the structures independently of each other; q of the formulae (5) and (6)₁′～Q₃' are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group, or a cyclohexyl group having a crosslinked structure.

4. The grease for elevator slings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising a thickener which is a mineral oil-based hydrocarbon wax or a synthetic hydrocarbon wax, said thickener comprising 0.5 to 25 mass% of the grease for elevator slings.

5. The grease for elevator slings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a thickener which is at least one compound represented by the following general formulae (12) to (13),

general formula (12)

General formula (13)

R of the general formula (12)₁"is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, R of the general formula (13)₃"is a C1-8 alkylene group, R of the general formula (12)₂", R of the general formula (13)₄"and R₅"are each independently selected from hydrocarbyl groups having 4 to 24 carbon atoms; r₁″～R₅"may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyl and phenyl in the side chain.

6. The grease for elevator slings according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by further comprising a thickener which is at least one of a straight-chain hydrocarbon, a branched-chain hydrocarbon, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon and an aromatic hydrocarbon having a weight average molecular weight of 1000 to 100000.

7. An elevator suspension cable comprising a steel rope and a grease layer formed on the surface of the steel rope,

the steel cord has a core cord and a strand formed of a plurality of steel wires and arranged around the core cord,

the grease layer contains the grease for elevator slings described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A traction elevator is provided with: a sling; a lifting winch for reeling up the hoisting line; a counterweight connected to the sling; and a cage connected with the suspension cable and driven by the suspension cable being wound up, the traction type elevator is characterized in that,

the sling has a steel rope and a lubricating grease layer formed on the surface of the steel rope,

the steel cord has a core cord and a strand formed of a plurality of steel wires and arranged around the core cord,

the grease layer contains the grease for elevator slings described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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