CN108349034A - 用于制造由钢或钛构成的具有沉淀硬化的镍基合金的产品的方法和构件 - Google Patents

用于制造由钢或钛构成的具有沉淀硬化的镍基合金的产品的方法和构件 Download PDF

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CN108349034A
CN108349034A CN201680059154.5A CN201680059154A CN108349034A CN 108349034 A CN108349034 A CN 108349034A CN 201680059154 A CN201680059154 A CN 201680059154A CN 108349034 A CN108349034 A CN 108349034A
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component
precipitation
hardening
nickel
base alloy
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约恩·贝滕特鲁普
斯特凡·布吕斯克
亚历山大·卢伊特勒
约尔格·许尔霍夫
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0018—Brazing of turbine parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
    • B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
    • B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/234—Laser welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/237—Brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/238—Soldering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • F05D2300/171—Steel alloys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

通过将沉淀硬化的镍基合金与钢基底或钛基底组合，能够非常好地修复构件，其中沉淀硬化的镍基合金具有良好的耐腐蚀特性。

Description

用于制造由钢或钛构成的具有沉淀硬化的镍基合金的产品的 方法和构件
技术领域
本发明涉及由钢或钛制成的产品的制造，尤其出自高温范围，其中使用沉淀硬化的镍基合金进行焊接，本发明还涉及一种构件。
背景技术
在检修蒸汽轮机的由钢或钛构成的低压叶片时，根据损坏的程度，采取下列措施：
1.受损的叶片在允许的范围中以时间限制的方式继续运行，伴随更新的检查间隔期并且伴随由于材料损耗而偏离叶片的固有频率以及效率受限的缺点。
2.如果损坏的程度不允许继续运行，那么通过替代叶片/新零件来更换叶片。
3.叶片用钴基合金以焊接工艺进行修复是非常耐点蚀腐蚀的。由于差的焊接适应性，该加工处理是非常困难并且耗费的。在修复材料和母材之间的大的材料特性差异能够导致残余应力、裂纹并且甚至剥落。
4.如3，但使用底漆，但所述底漆意味着附加的耗费。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是解决上述问题。
所述目的通过根据权利要求1的方法和根据权利要求2的构件来实现。
在从属权利要求中列举了其他有利的措施，所述措施能够彼此任意组合。
附图说明
图1、图2示出本发明的实施例。
具体实施方式
镍基材料在适合的热处理之后的沉淀硬化状态下能够是非常耐点蚀腐蚀的并且甚至与钴基材料组相比表现出其良好的焊接适应性。无需耗费的底漆。
焊接优选能够通过适合的方法，如激光焊接或电弧焊接方法进行。
堆焊部有利地能够仅一层地构成。
其他可行性是成型件(插入件)的钎焊。
从燃气轮机工程中已知具有基于γ’的沉淀硬化的镍基超合金，其中同样再次使用沉淀硬化的镍基合金来修复所述合金(同种修复)。
出乎意料地，在沉淀硬化的镍基合金与由钢或钛，在这里指的是作为材料的钛和钛合金，构成的基底4的组合中(图1，图2)获得非常好的结果，本领域技术人员没有预料到该结果并且也从未应用过该结果，因为基底总是材料相同地或材料相似地被焊接。
那么，焊入或钎焊或者说焊上的成型件10(嵌入件或插入物)同样由沉淀硬化的镍基合金构成。
在连接之前或在连接之后，成型件10或堆焊部被热处理或已经被热处理。通过简单的材料配合的接合，将插入件10和基底4接合在一起并且于是具有连接层或焊层13(图2)。
在钎焊成型件10来重新制造或修复构件1”时，能够使用所有任意的焊料，其中成型件10同样具有沉淀硬化的镍基合金。
尤其蒸汽轮机的涡轮叶片的进汽边优选借助所述方法制造或修复。
镍基合金作为堆焊部7或成型件10优选仅局部地存在于构件1’、1”的基底4中或上。
堆焊部7尤其通过激光粉末堆焊或电弧堆焊实现。
沉淀硬化的镍基合金优选具有下列成分：
10重量％直至21重量％的铬含量(Cr)
和/或
0.1重量％至5.5重量％的铌含量(Nb)
和/或
0.1重量％直至3.3重量％的钼含量，
尤其具有IN 718。
所使用的镍基合金优选具有≤50％、尤其≤40％、更尤其≤30％的γ’份额。
堆焊部7优选仅单层地构成。
X20Cr13，X5CrNiCuNb16-4或TiAl6V4优选用作为用于基底4的材料。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于制造，尤其用于修复具有基底(4)的构件(1’，1”)的方法，所述构件尤其是由钢或钛构成的涡轮叶片，尤其由马氏体的或沉淀硬化的高铬含量的钢制成，所述构件具有局部的堆焊部(7)或施加的成型件(10)，
其中将沉淀硬化的镍基合金用作为局部的堆焊部(7)或成型件(10)。
2.一种尤其根据权利要求1制造的构件(1’，1”)，所述构件具有由钢或钛，尤其由马氏体的或沉淀硬化的高铬含量的钢构成的基底(4)，并且所述构件仅局部具有由沉淀硬化的镍基合金构成的材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法或构件，
其中进行堆焊，尤其激光粉末堆焊或电弧堆焊，或存在堆焊部(7)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法或构件，
其中由沉淀硬化的镍基合金构成的所述成型件(10)与所述基底(4)连接，或者是与所述基底(4)连接的。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的方法或构件，
其中由沉淀硬化的镍基合金构成的所述成型件(10)被钎焊到所述基底(4)中或上，或者是钎焊到所述基底(4)中或上的。
6.根据权利要求1、2、3、4或5中任一项或多项所述的方法或构件，
其中所述沉淀硬化的镍基合金具有10重量％直至21重量％的铬含量(Cr)
和/或
0.1重量％至5.5重量％的铌含量(Nb)
和/或
0.1重量％直至3.3重量％的钼含量，
尤其具有IN 718。
7.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5或6中任一项或多项所述的方法或构件，
其中所述沉淀硬化的镍基合金具有≤50％，尤其≤40％，更尤其≤30％的γ’份额。
8.根据权利要求1、2、3、6或7中任一项或多项所述的方法或构件，
其中所述堆焊部(7)仅为单层的。
9.根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8中任一项或多项所述的方法或构件，
其中X20Cr13，X5CrNiCuNb16-4或TiAl6V4用作为所述基底(4)的材料。
CN201680059154.5A 2015-10-07 2016-09-09 用于制造由钢或钛构成的具有沉淀硬化的镍基合金的产品的方法和构件 Pending CN108349034A (zh)

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DE102015219351.9 2015-10-07
DE102015219351.9A DE102015219351A1 (de) 2015-10-07 2015-10-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Produkten aus Stahl oder Titan mit einer ausscheidungshärtenden Nickelbasislegierung und Bauteil
PCT/EP2016/071260 WO2017060033A1 (de) 2015-10-07 2016-09-09 Verfahren zur herstellung von produkten aus stahl oder titan mit einer ausscheidungshärtenden nickelbasislegierung und bauteil

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US20180274366A1 (en) 2018-09-27

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