CN108323459A - 一种家鱼混养方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种家鱼混养方法，包括养殖塘要求、清整养殖塘、鱼种选择、鱼体消毒、合理放养、饲养、水质控制、适度捕捞，本发明通过生活在不同水域深度的鱼种混养，品种多样，有效利用了鱼塘内不同水域深度的空间，通过有序分批次捕捞，不仅提高了养殖数量而且增大了渔民的收入。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域，特别涉及一种家鱼混养方法。
背景技术
鱼类混养方法是一种人为控制下繁殖、培育的生产活动，一般包括在人工饲养管理下从苗种养成水产品的全过程。在同一口鱼塘中混养多种鱼类,是提高池塘养鱼产量的重要措施,也是池塘养鱼的显著特点。这些鱼类混养在同一口池塘里,可以充分利用池塘各水层,全面合理利用池塘各种饲料资源。
近年来，我国鱼类养殖业迅速发展，集约化程度不断提高，但在鱼类养殖过程中，人们长期使用各种化学制剂。这些化学试剂容易使水体污染，作用于鱼类会改变鱼体体内的酸碱度、渗透压，干扰鱼类的正常生长，鱼体上还会有化学残留，从而不利于人的食用。尤其有些不良商贩为了刺激鱼类的快速生长，给鱼类喂食含有能刺激机体成长的胚胎素的避孕药，人类食用后会对身体产生严重的危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种家鱼混养方法，用于解决集约式养殖的家鱼乱用、滥用药物，鱼的质量低，食用不安全等问题，并有效提高鱼的产量。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种家鱼混养方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)养殖塘要求：养殖塘要求排灌方便、交通电力便利，水源和环境无公害，面积2-8亩，池深1.5-1.8米，池坡比3：1，池底淤泥≤20厘米且池底平坦；
(2)清整养殖塘：每3亩养殖塘配置一台增氧机，在离鱼塘周围1米的浅水地带种植水草并用绳索固定，鱼种放养前一个月泼洒一次生石灰进行消毒，并在放养前一周再次泼洒生石灰进行消毒，筛网过滤后加注新水，防止敌害和其他鱼卵进入，注水深度为2-2.5米，水质要求pH值为7-8；
(3)鱼种选择：选择活泼健壮、抗病性强的鱼种，包括青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼；
(4)鱼体消毒：将选择的鱼种置于2.5％质量浓度的食用盐水中消毒2-6min；
(5)合理放养：将经消毒的鱼种按青鱼∶草鱼∶鲢鱼∶鳙鱼为1∶4∶3∶2的比例放养,放养密度为1500-1700尾/亩；
(6)饲养：采用颗粒饲料投喂，每天投喂两次，上午7:00至8:00投喂一次，下午12:00至13:00点再次投喂，每次投喂八成饱即可；
(7)水质控制：遇30℃以上的高温天或阴雨天打开增氧机，每隔一周向鱼池加注新水，加注新水前需筛网过滤，每隔一个月向鱼池泼洒石灰粉进行消毒；每次加水后，向养殖塘内加入一定量酵母菌；
(8)适度捕捞：当鱼体长至1000-2100g/尾时，每周捕捞一次放养密度大的鱼种，保证养殖塘内有足够的鱼类活动空间。
本发明还给出了一下进一步实施方案：
优选地，步骤(6)所述颗粒饲料包括以下重量份的组分：豆粕15-30份、麸皮10-20份、植物蛋白5-10份、菜粕10-20份、鱼粉5-15份、小麦胚芽5-10份、磷酸二氢钙1-3份、复合维生素0.1-1份，中药添加剂1-3份、色拉油1-4份。
更进一步地，所述中药添加剂包括黄芪0.5-1份、党参1-3份、金银花3-5份、杨树花3-5份、葛根1-3份和刺五加5-10份。
更进步一的，所述色拉油选自大豆色拉油、油菜籽色拉油、米糠色拉油、棉籽色拉油、葵花籽色拉油或者花生色拉油中的一种或几种。
更进一步地，复合维生素包括维生素A 2-3份、维生素D3 0.4-0.7份、维生素E 15-16份、维生素B1 0.4-0.8份、叶酸0.1-0.3份、生物素0.4-0.6份。
本发明的有益效果：本发明通过生活在不同水域深度的鱼种混养，品种多样，有效利用了鱼塘内不同水域深度的空间，通过有序分批次捕捞，不仅提高了养殖数量而且增大了渔民的收入；本发明将豆粕、麸皮和菜粕混合作为饲料的基本组分，为家鱼提供蛋白质、糖类等基本的营养物质，植物蛋白、小麦胚芽和鱼粉均可以为家鱼提供丰富的维生素和矿物质，作为蛋白质的主要原料，容易被家鱼鱼吸收，并且在家鱼鱼体内能量转化较高。磷酸氢二钙与家鱼饲料中的复合维生素结合，为家鱼补充足够的钙磷，促进家鱼鱼生长，中药添加剂与复合维生素配合，促进家鱼消化吸收饲料，并且可增强鱼的免疫力，提高鱼的存活率。饲料中添加色拉油，一方面可以提高家鱼饲料的粘结性能，另一方面还可以起到引诱鱼的作用，提高饲料的利用率，减少饲喂时饲料的浪费。
具体实施方式
下面将参照具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
(1)养殖塘要求：养殖塘要求排灌方便、交通电力便利，水源和环境无公害，面积6亩，池深1.5-1.8米，池坡比3：1，池底淤泥≤20厘米且池底平坦；
(2)清整养殖塘：每3亩养殖塘配置一台增氧机，在离鱼塘周围1米的浅水地带种植水草并用绳索固定，鱼种放养前一个月泼洒一次生石灰进行消毒，并在放养前一周再次泼洒生石灰进行消毒，筛网过滤后加注新水，防止敌害和其他鱼卵进入，注水深度为2-2.5米，水质要求pH值为7-8；
(3)鱼种选择：选择活泼健壮、抗病性强的鱼种，包括青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼；
(4)鱼体消毒：将选择的鱼种置于2.5％质量浓度的食用盐水中消毒2-6min；
(5)合理放养：将经消毒的鱼种按青鱼∶草鱼∶鲢鱼∶鳙鱼为1∶4∶3∶2的比例放养,放养密度为1500-1700尾/亩；
(6)饲养：采用颗粒饲料投喂，每天投喂两次，上午7:00至8:00投喂一次，下午12:00至13:00点再次投喂，每次投喂八成饱即可；
(7)水质控制：遇30℃以上的高温天或阴雨天打开增氧机，每隔一周向鱼池加注新水，加注新水前需筛网过滤，每隔一个月向鱼池泼洒石灰粉进行消毒；每次加水后，向养殖塘内加入一定量酵母菌；
(8)适度捕捞：当鱼体长至1000-2100g/尾时，每周捕捞一次放养密度大的鱼种，保证养殖塘内有足够的鱼类活动空间。
实施例2
实施例2是优选方案，与实施例1不同的是，本实施例给出了颗粒饲料的配方，步颗粒饲料包括以下重量份的组分：豆粕28份、麸皮19份、植物蛋白6份、菜粕15份、鱼粉11份、小麦胚芽7份、磷酸二氢钙2份、复合维生素0.5份，中药添加剂1.5份、色拉油1.2份。
豆粕、麸皮和菜粕混合作为饲料的基本组分，为家鱼提供蛋白质、糖类等基本的营养物质，植物蛋白、小麦胚芽和鱼粉均可以为家鱼提供丰富的维生素和矿物质，作为蛋白质的主要原料，容易被家鱼鱼吸收，并且在家鱼鱼体内能量转化较高。磷酸氢二钙与家鱼饲料中的复合维生素结合，为家鱼补充足够的钙磷，促进家鱼鱼生长，中药添加剂与复合维生素配合，促进家鱼消化吸收饲料，并且可增强鱼的免疫力，提高鱼的存活率。饲料中添加色拉油，一方面可以提高家鱼饲料的粘结性能，另一方面还可以起到引诱鱼的作用，提高饲料的利用率，减少饲喂时饲料的浪费。
实施例3
实施例3是实施例2的进一步实施方案，本实施例中，中药添加剂包括黄芪0.7份、党参2份、金银花4份、杨树花4份、葛根2份和刺五加8份。
色拉油选自大豆色拉油、油菜籽色拉油、米糠色拉油、棉籽色拉油、葵花籽色拉油或者花生色拉油中的一种或几种。
复合维生素包括维生素A 2-3份、维生素D3 0.4-0.7份、维生素E 15-16份、维生素B1 0.4-0.8份、叶酸0.1-0.3份、生物素0.4-0.6份。
Claims (5)
1.一种家鱼混养方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)养殖塘要求：养殖塘要求排灌方便、交通电力便利，水源和环境无公害，面积2-8亩，池深1.5-1.8米，池坡比3：1，池底淤泥≤20厘米且池底平坦；
(2)清整养殖塘：每3亩养殖塘配置一台增氧机，在离鱼塘周围1米的浅水地带种植水草并用绳索固定，鱼种放养前一个月泼洒一次生石灰进行消毒，并在放养前一周再次泼洒生石灰进行消毒，筛网过滤后加注新水，防止敌害和其他鱼卵进入，注水深度为2-2.5米，水质要求pH值为7-8；
(3)鱼种选择：选择活泼健壮、抗病性强的鱼种，包括青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼；
(4)鱼体消毒：将选择的鱼种置于2.5％质量浓度的食用盐水中消毒2-6min；
(5)合理放养：将经消毒的鱼种按青鱼∶草鱼∶鲢鱼∶鳙鱼为1∶4∶3∶2的比例放养,放养密度为1500-1700尾/亩；
(6)饲养：采用颗粒饲料投喂，每天投喂两次，上午7:00至8:00投喂一次，下午12:00至13:00点再次投喂，每次投喂八成饱即可；
(7)水质控制：遇30℃以上的高温天或阴雨天打开增氧机，每隔一周向鱼池加注新水，加注新水前需筛网过滤，每隔一个月向鱼池泼洒石灰粉进行消毒；每次加水后，向养殖塘内加入一定量酵母菌；
(8)适度捕捞：当鱼体长至1000-2100g/尾时，每周捕捞一次放养密度大的鱼种，保证养殖塘内有足够的鱼类活动空间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的家鱼混养方法，其特征在于，步骤(6)所述颗粒饲料包括以下重量份的组分：豆粕15-30份、麸皮10-20份、植物蛋白5-10份、菜粕10-20份、鱼粉5-15份、小麦胚芽5-10份、磷酸二氢钙1-3份、复合维生素0.1-1份，中药添加剂1-3份、色拉油1-4份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的家鱼混养方法，其特征在于，所述中药添加剂包括黄芪0.5-1份、党参1-3份、金银花3-5份、杨树花3-5份、葛根1-3份和刺五加5-10份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的家鱼混养方法，其特征在于，所述色拉油选自大豆色拉油、油菜籽色拉油、米糠色拉油、棉籽色拉油、葵花籽色拉油或者花生色拉油中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的家鱼混养方法，其特征在于，复合维生素包括维生素A 2-3份、维生素D3 0.4-0.7份、维生素E 15-16份、维生素B1 0.4-0.8份、叶酸0.1-0.3份、生物素0.4-0.6份。
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| CN115039726A (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-13 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种浮网捕捞装置和温棚土池混养鲥鱼、罗氏沼虾的方法 |
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| CN115039726A (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-13 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种浮网捕捞装置和温棚土池混养鲥鱼、罗氏沼虾的方法 |
| CN115039726B (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-04-25 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | 一种浮网捕捞装置和温棚土池混养鲥鱼、罗氏沼虾的方法 |
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