CN108321223B - 柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法以及柔性光伏组件 - Google Patents

柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法以及柔性光伏组件 Download PDF

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CN108321223B
CN108321223B CN201711353184.XA CN201711353184A CN108321223B CN 108321223 B CN108321223 B CN 108321223B CN 201711353184 A CN201711353184 A CN 201711353184A CN 108321223 B CN108321223 B CN 108321223B
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易珊
许永元
胡鹏臣
曾静
刘禾根
李旸
汝小宁
王溢欢
黄昭雄
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Dongjun new energy Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法以及柔性光伏组件,其中前者包括步骤S1:将柔性光伏组件置于喷涂装置上,使用遮挡组件将柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁的两侧边缘进行遮挡;步骤S2:对柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成绝缘底层;步骤S3:在绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,在绝缘底层上形成绝缘顶层,以使绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成绝缘层;步骤S4:将绝缘层烘干。使用本发明提供的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,在柔性光伏组件的侧壁上制备绝缘层,从而对柔性光伏组件中的铝箔进行绝缘,避免了电池芯片刺破铝箔导致漏电的问题发生,并且不影响柔性光伏组件的柔韧性和可弯曲程度。

Description

柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法以及柔性光伏组件
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法以及柔性光伏组件。
背景技术
随着地球上的石油、煤炭等自然资源越来越稀少,开发新的自然能源成为当务之急,其中,太阳能尤其成为开发的重点,当前太阳能转换成可正常使用的电能多采用光伏组件来实现。
现有的光伏组件的上表面和下表面均粘接有一层玻璃,并在玻璃的边缘镶嵌铝边框接地,从而避免光伏组件被电击。然而由于玻璃自重较大且为刚性,在实际应用中局限性较大,为了减低光伏组件的重量,扩大光伏组件的应用范围,研发出柔性光伏组件。
一般的柔性光伏组件从上至下依次包括PET前板、第一胶膜、电池芯片、第二胶膜、PET背板,柔性光伏组件以PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙酯)代替玻璃用以封装柔性光伏组件。由于PET阻水性能不足,因此,如图1所示,需要增加一层10~50um厚的铝箔,提高柔性光伏组件的阻水性能,实际生产中,常将用作背板的PET与铝箔集成为复合材料层。该改进的柔性光伏组件1从上至下依次包括PET前板2、第一胶膜3、电池芯片4、第二胶膜5、集成背板6。集成背板6从上至下依次包括第一PET61、铝箔62、第二PET63。
由于受到生产集成背板的设备、工艺以及成本的限制,目前一般都采用铝箔边缘与PET边缘齐平的设计,因此铝箔边缘暴露在空气中,如果电池芯片刺破集成背板,则存在漏电风险。由于柔性光伏组件自身厚度薄,质地柔软可弯曲等特性的限制,在柔性光伏组件外围加钢性铝边框接地不易实现,并且在一定程度上限制了柔性光伏组件的柔韧性和可弯曲程度。因此,如何在不影响柔性光伏组件的柔韧性和可弯曲程度的前提下,解决上述改进的柔性光伏组件的漏电问题成为当务之急。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法以及柔性光伏组件,以解决上述问题,在柔性光伏组件的边缘制备一层绝缘层,以进行绝缘,从而解决柔性光伏组件漏电的问题。
本发明提供了一种柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,包括:
步骤S1:将柔性光伏组件置于喷涂装置上,使用遮挡组件将柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁的两侧边缘进行遮挡;
步骤S2:对柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成绝缘底层;
步骤S3:在绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,形成绝缘顶层,以使绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成绝缘层;
步骤S4:将绝缘层烘干。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其中,优选的是,在步骤S1之前,还包括步骤S10:对柔性光伏组件进行清洁。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其中,优选的是,步骤S10具体包括:
步骤S11:使用蘸有异丙醇的无尘布清除柔性光伏组件上的油污和油脂;
步骤S12:对柔性光伏组件通过静电进行除尘。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其中,优选的是,步骤S2具体包括:打开喷涂枪,并将喷涂枪的雾化压力调节为0.3Mpa-0.5Mpa;保持喷涂枪与需绝缘的侧壁之间距离为10cm-15cm;然后对柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成厚度为30um-40um的绝缘底层;并关闭喷涂枪。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其中,优选的是,步骤S3具体包括:打开喷涂枪,并将喷涂枪的雾化压力调节为0.3Mpa-0.5Mpa;保持喷涂枪与需绝缘的侧壁之间距离为10cm-15cm;然后在绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,形成绝缘底层;绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成总厚度为60um-100um的绝缘层。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其中,优选的是,步骤S4具体包括:将柔性光伏组件置于红外灯箱中5min,以将绝缘层的表层烘干;将经过红外灯箱烘干的柔性光伏组件置于无尘车间中24小时,以使绝缘层自然干燥固化。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其中,优选的是,在步骤S4之后,还包括步骤S5:对加工完成的绝缘层进行附着力测试;
和/或步骤S6:对加工完成的绝缘层进行绝缘性能测试。
本发明还提供了一种柔性光伏组件,所述柔性光伏组件的侧壁上设置有绝缘层。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件,其中,优选的是,所述绝缘层的材质为氟乙丙烯或甲基乙烯硅。
如上所述的柔性光伏组件,其中,优选的是,所述柔性光伏组件从上至下依次包括:PET前板、第一胶膜、电池片、第二胶膜和集成背板;所述绝缘层从所述PET前板远离所述第一胶膜的一侧延伸至所述集成背板远离所述第二胶膜的一侧。
本发明提供了一种柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,包括步骤S1:将柔性光伏组件置于喷涂装置上,使用遮挡组件将柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁的两侧边缘进行遮挡;步骤S2:对柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成绝缘底层;步骤S3:在绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,在绝缘底层上形成绝缘顶层,以使绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成绝缘层;步骤S4:将绝缘层烘干。使用本发明提供的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,在柔性光伏组件的侧壁上制备绝缘层,从而对柔性光伏组件中的铝箔进行绝缘,避免了电池芯片刺破铝箔导致漏电的问题发生,并且不影响柔性光伏组件的柔韧性和可弯曲程度。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的柔性光伏组件的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法的流程图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法所使用的遮挡组件使用状态示意图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的柔性光伏组件的结构示意图;
图5为本发明实施例提供的柔性光伏组件进行绝缘测试的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
现有技术:
1-柔性光伏组件 2-PET前板 3-第一胶膜 4-电池芯片
5-第二胶膜 6-集成背板 61-第一PET 62-铝箔
63-第二PET
本发明:
10-柔性光伏组件 11-绝缘层 12-PET前板 13-第一胶膜
14-电池片 15-第二胶膜 16-集成背板 161-第一PET层
162-铝箔 163-第二PET层 20-遮挡组件 30-水槽
40-电源
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能解释为对本发明的限制。
如图2所示,并结合图4中的柔性光伏组件10的结构示意图对本发明进行说明,本发明实施例提供的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,包括:
步骤S1:将柔性光伏组件10置于喷涂装置上,使用遮挡组件20将柔性光伏组件10需绝缘的侧壁的两侧边缘进行遮挡。该遮挡组件20包括两遮挡板,具体地,将柔性光伏组件10置于喷涂装置上之后,将两所述遮挡板分别与柔性光伏组件10的两侧表面相贴合,且使两遮挡板的边缘均与所述柔性光伏组件10需绝缘的侧壁相平齐。请参考图3,可见经过遮挡组件20的遮挡之后,柔性光伏组件10仅露出需绝缘的侧壁,而将周边位置均进行了遮挡,以此避免喷涂制备绝缘层11时,将绝缘材料溅射至柔性光伏组件10的表面上,遮挡其受光面积,影响最终的转换效率。
步骤S2:对柔性光伏组件10需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成绝缘底层。喷涂时,使用喷涂枪作为喷涂工具,第一次喷涂的具体方法为打开喷涂枪,并将喷涂枪的雾化压力调节为0.3Mpa-0.5Mpa;保持喷涂枪与需绝缘的侧壁之间距离为10cm-15cm;然后对柔性光伏组件10需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成厚度为30um-40um的绝缘底层;并关闭喷涂枪。
步骤S3:在绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,在绝缘底层上形成绝缘顶层,以使绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成绝缘层11。喷涂时,使用喷涂枪作为喷涂工具,打开喷涂枪,并将喷涂枪的雾化压力调节为0.3Mpa-0.5Mpa;保持喷涂枪与需绝缘的侧壁之间距离为10cm-15cm;然后绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,在绝缘底层上形成绝缘顶层,以使绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成总厚度为60um-100um的绝缘层11。第二次喷涂是在第一次喷涂的基础上,继续进行喷涂,第二次喷涂的绝缘顶层的厚度为30um-60um,两次喷涂共计60um-100um。第二次喷涂使绝缘层更加致密,弥补第一次喷涂不均匀导致的孔洞,第一次喷涂将绝缘底层完成后,无需时间间隔即可直接进行第二次喷涂。
步骤S4:将绝缘层11烘干。优选地,可以采用红外灯进行烘干,具体地,将柔性光伏组件10置于红外灯箱中5min,以将绝缘层11的表层烘干。经过烘干之后,绝缘层11可靠地附着在柔性光伏组件10上,不会出现脱落现象,从而起到良好的绝缘作用,避免漏电的现象出现。当然,烘干不限于采用上述方法,也可以采用其他方法。
在进行红外烘干之后,还需要将柔性光伏组件10置于无尘车间中24小时,以使绝缘层11自然干燥固化。在无尘车间中自然干燥,可以进一步增加绝缘层11的附着可靠性,并且绝缘层11中不会混入任何杂质,从而加强绝缘效果,增加安全系数。
优选地,将柔性光伏组件10置于喷涂装置上之前,可以对柔性光伏组件10进行清洁。对柔性光伏组件10的清洁包括清除油污、油脂和沉积的灰尘。具体地,可以使用蘸有异丙醇的无尘布清除柔性光伏组件10上的油污和油脂;通过静电除尘枪对柔性光伏组件10进行除尘。在清洁时,重点清洁柔性光伏组件10需绝缘的侧壁,从而避免油污、油脂和灰尘影响绝缘层11的均匀性,以此提高绝缘效果和美观性。当然无尘布蘸有的清洗液不限于异丙醇。
使用本发明实施例提供的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,在柔性光伏组件10的侧壁上制备绝缘层11,从而对柔性光伏组件10中的铝箔162进行绝缘,避免了电池芯片刺破铝箔162导致漏电的问题发生,并且不影响柔性光伏组件10的柔韧性和可弯曲程度。
为增加绝缘层11的寿命和柔韧性以及可弯曲程度,该绝缘层11采用高绝缘、耐高热、粘附力强的高分子纳米复合材料(如氟乙丙烯、甲基乙烯硅材料)或高附着力的聚氨酯类化合物作为原材料制备而成。
本领域技术人员可以理解的是,柔性光伏组件10一般多为矩形,因此,其有四个侧壁,四个侧壁均需要进行绝缘处理,当为其中一个侧壁制备完绝缘层11之后,可以重复上述步骤,从而对其余侧壁加工绝缘层11。
绝缘层11加工完成后,需要检测其附着力,具体地,测试附着力时,将干燥后的柔性光伏组件10置于测试箱中,将测试箱中的湿度设置为85%,控制其温度从25℃匀速上升至80℃,上升速率为2℃/min,在80℃环境下持续30min后再匀速下降至-40℃,降温速率为2℃/min,在-40℃的环境下维持30min。重复循环200次,后检查柔性光伏组件10上的绝缘层11是否有脱落和分层现象,若是,则需要调整加工工艺,若否,则证明加工工艺合格。
进一步地,还需要对绝缘层11的绝缘性能进行测试,具体测试方法如下:如图5所示,准备两个独立的水槽30,水槽30的电导率需大于0.286ms/cm2,将柔性光伏组件10制备了绝缘层11的两个边缘分别置于两个水槽30之中,然后两个水槽30分别连接电源40的正负极,然后检测漏电流,并判断漏电流是否小于10uA,若是,则合格,反之,则不合格。
如图4所示,本发明还提供了一种柔性光伏组件10,所述柔性光伏组件10的侧壁设置有绝缘层11。优选地,所述绝缘层11的材质为氟乙丙烯或甲基乙烯硅,厚度为60um-100um。当然绝缘层的具体材料不限于所列举的。
而所述柔性光伏组件10从上至下依次包括PET前板12、第一胶膜13、电池片14、第二胶膜15和集成背板16;所述绝缘层11从所述PET前板12远离所述第一胶膜13的一侧延伸至所述集成背板16远离所述第二胶膜15的一侧。优选地,所述集成背板16从上至下依次包括第一PET层161、铝箔162层和第二PET层163。
以上依据图式所示的实施例详细说明了本发明的构造、特征及作用效果,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明不以图面所示限定实施范围,凡是依照本发明的构想所作的改变,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例,仍未超出说明书与图示所涵盖的精神时,均应在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤S1:将柔性光伏组件置于喷涂装置上,使用遮挡组件将柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁的两侧边缘进行遮挡;
步骤S2:对柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成绝缘底层;
步骤S3:在绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,形成绝缘顶层,以使绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成绝缘层;
步骤S4:将绝缘层烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S1之前,还包括步骤S10:对柔性光伏组件进行清洁。
3.根据权利要求2所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤S10具体包括:
步骤S11:使用蘸有异丙醇的无尘布清除柔性光伏组件上的油污和油脂;
步骤S12:对柔性光伏组件通过静电进行除尘。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2具体包括:打开喷涂枪,并将喷涂枪的雾化压力调节为0.3Mpa-0.5Mpa;保持喷涂枪与需绝缘的侧壁之间距离为10cm-15cm;对柔性光伏组件需绝缘的侧壁进行第一次喷涂,形成厚度为30um-40um的绝缘底层;并关闭喷涂枪。
5.根据权利要求1所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3具体包括:打开喷涂枪,并将喷涂枪的雾化压力调节为0.3Mpa-0.5Mpa;保持喷涂枪与需绝缘的侧壁之间距离为10cm-15cm;在绝缘底层上进行第二次喷涂,形成绝缘底层;绝缘底层和绝缘顶层构成总厚度为60um-100um的绝缘层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4具体包括:将柔性光伏组件置于红外灯箱中5min,以将绝缘层的表层烘干;
将经过红外灯箱烘干的柔性光伏组件置于无尘车间中24小时,以使绝缘层自然干燥固化。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S4之后,还包括步骤S5:对加工完成的绝缘层进行附着力测试;
和/或,步骤S6:对加工完成的绝缘层进行绝缘性能测试。
8.一种柔性光伏组件,其特征在于,所述柔性光伏组件的侧壁上设置有通过权利要求1-7中任一项所述的柔性光伏组件绝缘层制备方法制备的绝缘层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的柔性光伏组件,其特征在于,所述绝缘层的材质为氟乙丙烯或甲基乙烯硅。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的柔性光伏组件,其特征在于,所述柔性光伏组件从上至下依次包括:PET前板、第一胶膜、电池片、第二胶膜和集成背板;所述绝缘层从所述PET前板远离所述第一胶膜的一侧延伸至所述集成背板远离所述第二胶膜的一侧。
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