CN108318398B - Experimental method for high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of heavy oil reservoir - Google Patents
Experimental method for high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of heavy oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN108318398B CN108318398B CN201810014958.4A CN201810014958A CN108318398B CN 108318398 B CN108318398 B CN 108318398B CN 201810014958 A CN201810014958 A CN 201810014958A CN 108318398 B CN108318398 B CN 108318398B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of a heavy oil reservoir, wherein the device comprises: a core system; the core system comprises a constant temperature box and a core holder positioned in the constant temperature box; an injection system connected to the core system; the injection system is capable of injecting an experimental fluid into the core system; the confining pressure system is connected with the core system; the confining pressure system can apply confining pressure to a core of the core system; the data acquisition system is connected with the rock core system; the data acquisition system can acquire the oil displacement pressure, the oil displacement time and the change curve of the oil displacement pressure along with the oil displacement PV number of the injection system; a production system connected to the core system; the production system is capable of receiving fluid produced by the core system. The experimental device and the experimental method for the high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of the heavy oil reservoir can provide an experimental means for testing the oil displacement efficiency of the heavy oil reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor experiments of oil field development, and particularly relates to a high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency experiment device and an experiment method for a heavy oil reservoir.
Background
In the sweep range of the oil displacement agent, the ratio of the volume of the displaced crude oil to the total oil-containing volume is called the oil displacement efficiency. The oil displacement efficiency of a single core refers to the displacement degree of the single core by the injected medium. In the oil field development process, the accurate measurement of the oil displacement efficiency of different displacement modes is the basis for correctly recognizing the development dynamics in the development mode process.
However, without correct oil displacement efficiency data, correct dynamic analysis is impossible, especially for heavy oil reservoirs, steam injection and development by adding various auxiliary media, and it is very important to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different displacement conditions, so that it is very important to accurately determine the oil displacement efficiency data under various displacement conditions and to correctly select appropriate measures for improving the development effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned demand problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an experimental apparatus and an experimental method for high-temperature and high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of a heavy oil reservoir, so as to provide an experimental means capable of testing the oil displacement efficiency of the heavy oil reservoir.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a heavy oil reservoir high temperature high pressure displacement of reservoir oil efficiency experimental apparatus, includes:
a core system; the core system comprises a constant temperature box and a core holder positioned in the constant temperature box; the core holder is used for holding a core;
an injection system connected to the core system; the injection system is capable of injecting an experimental fluid into the core system;
the confining pressure system is connected with the core system; the confining pressure system can apply confining pressure to a core of the core system;
the data acquisition system is connected with the rock core system; the data acquisition system can acquire the oil displacement pressure, the oil displacement time and the change curve of the oil displacement pressure along with the oil displacement PV number of the injection system;
a production system connected to the core system; the production system is capable of receiving fluid produced by the core system.
As a preferred embodiment, the core holder comprises a shell, a pressure transmission sleeve coaxially arranged in the shell, a first installation part arranged at one end of the shell, and a second installation part arranged at the other end of the shell; a confining pressure space is formed between the shell and the pressure transmission sleeve, and a confining pressure input port and a confining pressure output port which are communicated with the confining pressure space are arranged on the shell; the pressure transmission sleeve is used for placing a rock core; a liquid inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe pass through the first mounting part and are introduced into one end of the pressure transmission sleeve, and a liquid outlet pipe passes through the second mounting part and is introduced into the other end of the pressure transmission sleeve; the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the injection system, and the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the production system.
As a preferred embodiment, the core is wrapped by an isolation sleeve, and the isolation sleeve separates the core from the pressure transmission sleeve; and a first filter screen is fixed at one end of the core by the isolation sleeve, and a second filter screen is fixed at the other end of the core.
As a preferred embodiment, the first mounting member comprises a first plug, a first fixing sleeve, a first dismounting sleeve and a first fastening sleeve;
the first ejector head is connected to one end of the shell and abuts against the rock core; the part of the first fixing sleeve extends into one end of the shell and is in threaded connection with the shell; the first fixing sleeve is sleeved outside the first disassembling sleeve and connected with the first ejector head, and the first fastening sleeve is in threaded connection with the first fixing sleeve and abuts against the first disassembling sleeve;
the first plug is provided with a liquid inlet connected with the liquid inlet pipe and an air outlet connected with the exhaust pipe; the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the data acquisition system; and a graphite sealing ring is arranged between the first fixing sleeve and the shell.
In a preferred embodiment, the second mounting part comprises a second plug, a second fixing sleeve, a second dismounting sleeve and a second fastening sleeve;
the second ejector head is connected to one end of the shell and abuts against the rock core; the part of the second fixed sleeve extends into one end of the shell and is in threaded connection with the shell; the second fixing sleeve is sleeved outside the second disassembling sleeve and connected with the second ejector head, and the second fastening sleeve is in threaded connection with the second fixing sleeve and abuts against the second disassembling sleeve;
the second ejector is provided with a liquid outlet connected with the liquid outlet pipe; the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the data acquisition system; and a graphite sealing ring is arranged between the second fixing sleeve and the shell.
As a preferred embodiment, the core system is provided with an air outlet valve and an injection valve which are positioned outside the core holder; the injection valve is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe; the air outlet valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
In a preferred embodiment, the confining pressure system comprises a nitrogen gas source communicated with the confining pressure input port through a confining pressure pipeline; and the confining pressure pipeline is communicated with a six-way valve, and the six-way valve is connected with a confining pressure gauge.
As a preferred embodiment, the injection system comprises a crude oil injection unit and a displacement medium injection unit; the crude oil injection unit comprises a first driving pump, an intermediate container and a preheating coil, wherein the first driving pump, the intermediate container and the preheating coil are sequentially connected; the preheating coil is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe.
As a preferred embodiment, the displacement medium injection unit comprises a second drive pump, a steam generator for forming steam, a vacuum pump, a first metering container for storing water; the steam generator is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, the vacuum pump is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and the first metering container is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe through a saturated water pipeline; and a valve is arranged on the saturated water pipeline.
As a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition system comprises a pressure detection assembly, a differential pressure detection assembly, a calculation assembly and a power supply which are connected with the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe; the calculation assembly is connected with the pressure detection assembly, the differential pressure detection assembly and the power supply.
As a preferred embodiment, the production system comprises a cooling device, a second metering container; the cooling device is used for cooling the produced liquid conveyed by the liquid outlet pipe, and the second metering container is used for storing and metering the produced liquid conveyed by the liquid outlet pipe.
In a preferred embodiment, the cooling device comprises a cooling container and a cooling elbow pipe positioned in the cooling container; the cooling container is internally provided with cooling liquid for immersing the cooling bent pipe; the cooling bent pipe is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe.
As a preferred embodiment, the system also comprises a liquid production treatment system; the liquid production treatment system comprises a cleaning pump, a third metering container, a crucible, a metering device and an air compressor; the cleaning pump is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe so as to clean residual oil in the rock core through a solvent; the third metering container is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe to receive the solvent dissolved with the residual oil; the crucible is capable of evaporating the solvent to obtain the residual oil; the metering device is used for metering the weight of the residual oil, and the air compressor is connected with the core system and used for drying the cleaned core.
An experimental method adopting the experimental device for the high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of the heavy oil reservoir comprises the following steps:
saturating formation water for the core;
setting outlet back pressure and confining pressure;
saturating the rock core with oil;
performing a rock core displacement experiment;
and cleaning and obtaining residual oil of the core.
As a preferred embodiment, the step of saturating the formation water with the core comprises: and vacuumizing the core by using a vacuum pump, then saturating the formation water by using a siphon method, and displacing the formation water of 2.0PV for the core so as to ensure that no bubble exists at the outlet of the core.
As a preferred embodiment, the setting of the outlet back pressure and the confining pressure comprises: setting outlet back pressure and confining pressure according to the experiment temperature; the outlet back pressure is 0.3MPa to 1.0MPa lower than the saturated water pressure at the experimental temperature; closing the confining pressure exhaust port, and applying confining pressure to the core holder through the confining pressure input port by using a nitrogen source; the confining pressure is 2.0 MPa-3.0 MPa higher than the inlet pressure of the rock core.
As a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the step of performing leakage test on the experimental device;
the leak testing the experimental device comprises: the pressure of the experimental device is tested to be 10MPa, and the experimental device is qualified when the pressure drop is less than 0.005MPa after the preset time.
As a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises: eliminating the migration of particles in the core;
the eliminating the migration of particles in the core comprises the following steps: injecting water into the rock core at a preset flow rate at normal temperature for water drive, raising the temperature to the experimental temperature after the pressure difference of the water drive is stable, injecting water into the rock core at the preset flow rate for water drive, and indicating that the migration of particles in the rock core is eliminated after the pressure difference of the water drive is stable.
As a preferred embodiment, the pair of core saturated oils comprises:
starting a constant temperature box to heat to an experimental temperature, and keeping the confining pressure stable in the heating process;
after keeping the constant temperature for a preset hour, starting a first driving pump until the injection pressure is the preset pressure, and starting an injection valve to perform oil flooding on the rock core at a constant speed;
when the oil-drive water pressure difference is stable, the oil-drive speed is increased to displace 1-2 times of the pore volume, and the pressure difference and the accumulated water displaced from the core are recorded;
and displacing saturated water in the core by using crude oil with 3-5 times of pore volume, and obtaining the oil saturation degree similar to the oil reservoir condition according to the oil displacement water time and speed.
In a preferred embodiment, the outlet end of the preheating coil is also connected with a leakage flow bypass valve;
in the step of saturating the rock core with oil, after the first driving pump is started until the injection pressure is a preset pressure, oil with the volume 1-2 times that of the preheating coil pipe is discharged through the flow-discharging bypass valve, and then the injection valve is started to drive the oil to drive the water.
As a preferred embodiment, the performing the core flood experiment includes:
stopping the first driving pump and starting the second driving pump, starting the injection valve to drive the oil by steam when the injection pressure of the steam generated by the steam generator reaches a preset pressure, collecting the produced liquid through the second metering container, and ending the oil drive until the water content in the produced liquid reaches 98%.
As a preferred embodiment, the washing and obtaining core residual oil comprises:
and when the core holder returns to the room temperature, starting a cleaning pump to clean residual oil in the core by using the solvent and collecting the residual oil until the color of the eluate is similar to that of the solvent, stopping cleaning, and finally cooking the collected liquid by using a crucible to obtain the residual oil.
Advantageous effects
The experimental device can adopt a natural heavy oil reservoir core and apply confining pressure through the confining pressure system, can truly simulate the actual situation of the heavy oil reservoir, and meanwhile, the core holder of the experimental device is arranged in the constant temperature box, so that the oil displacement efficiency experiment of the heavy oil reservoir is realized under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the change rule of steam oil displacement in the heavy oil exploitation process can be accurately reflected.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for high-temperature and high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of a heavy oil reservoir according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the core system configuration of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the experimental method steps used in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, an experimental apparatus for high-temperature and high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of a heavy oil reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a core system 1; the core system 1 comprises an incubator 128 and a core 16 holder positioned in the incubator 128; the core 16 holder is used for holding a core 16; an injection system 2 connected with the core system 1; the injection system 2 is capable of injecting an experimental fluid into the core system 1; the confining pressure system 3 is connected with the core system 1; the confining pressure system 2 is capable of applying confining pressure to the core 16 of the core system 1; the data acquisition system 4 is connected with the core system 1; the data acquisition system 4 can acquire the oil displacement pressure, the oil displacement time and the change curve of the oil displacement pressure along with the oil displacement PV number of the injection system 2; a production system 5 connected with the core system 1; the production system 5 is capable of receiving fluid produced by the core system 1.
The experimental device of the embodiment can adopt the natural thick oil reservoir core 16 and apply confining pressure through the confining pressure system 3, the actual situation of the thick oil reservoir can be truly simulated, meanwhile, the core 16 holder of the experimental device is arranged in the constant temperature box 128, the oil displacement efficiency experiment of the thick oil reservoir can be realized under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and the change rule of steam oil displacement in the thick oil exploitation process can be accurately reflected.
In order to make the core 16 holder suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments, the core 16 holder comprises a shell 13, a pressure transmission sleeve 14 coaxially arranged in the shell 13, a first mounting piece arranged at one end of the shell 13 and a second mounting piece arranged at the other end of the shell 13; a confining pressure space 126 is formed between the shell 13 and the pressure transmission sleeve 14, and a confining pressure input port 123 and a confining pressure output port 124 which are communicated with the confining pressure space 126 are arranged on the shell 13; the pressure transmission sleeve 14 is used for placing a rock core 16; a liquid inlet pipe 12 and an exhaust pipe 11 pass through the first mounting part and enter one end of the pressure transmission sleeve 14, and a liquid outlet pipe 125 passes through the second mounting part and enters the other end of the pressure transmission sleeve 14; the liquid inlet pipe 12 is communicated with the injection system 2, and the liquid outlet pipe 125 is communicated with the production system 5.
In particular, the core 16 holder with such a structure can withstand high temperature and high pressure, and in one embodiment, the core 16 holder can withstand a temperature of 350 ℃ at maximum and a pressure of 30 MPa. The core 16 holder is located in an oven 128, and high temperatures are applied by the oven 128 to simulate a real formation environment. The core 16 holder may have a fixing bracket 127, and the housing 13 thereof is supported by the fixing bracket 127, and thus placed in the incubator 128.
In this embodiment, the confining pressure of the core 16 is better felt by the pressure transfer sleeve 14 and the core 16 is prevented from directly contacting the casing 13 within the casing 13 and fouling the casing 13. The pressure transmission sleeve 14 can be a red copper sleeve, the pressure transmission sleeve 14 can transmit the confined pressure to the core, and the core 16 is positioned in the pressure transmission sleeve 14 and is mutually attached to the inner wall of the pressure transmission sleeve 14 to fill the pressure transmission sleeve 14.
Wherein, an isolation sleeve 15 is wrapped outside the core 16, and the isolation sleeve 15 separates the core 16 from the pressure transmission sleeve 14; the isolation sleeve 15 is fixed with a first filter screen 17 at one end of the core 16, and is fixed with a second filter screen 18 at the other end of the core 16. The isolation sleeve 15 can be made of toothpaste (soft) skin, the core 16 can be prevented from being in direct contact with the pressure transmission sleeve 14 by arranging the isolation sleeve 15, and the confining pressure transmitted by the pressure transmission sleeve 14 can be sensed. Meanwhile, the first filter screen 17 and the second filter screen 18 can be fixed at two ends of the core 16 by the isolation sleeve 15, so that the first filter screen 17 and the second filter screen 18 are prevented from falling off. The first filter screen 17 and the second filter screen 18 are positioned in the pressure transmission sleeve 14 and are connected to the grid surface perpendicular to the length direction of the core 16, and a medium entering the core 16 is filtered through the first filter screen 17 and the second filter screen 18, so that the core 16 is prevented from being blocked, and the smooth operation of an experiment is ensured.
In this embodiment, the spacer sleeve 15 is located within the pressure transfer sleeve 14, coaxially with the pressure transfer sleeve 14. The core 16 is located in the spacer sleeve 15 and is arranged coaxially with the spacer sleeve 15. A pressure transmitting sleeve 14 is located in the housing 13 coaxially with the housing 13.
Further, the first mounting member includes a first plug 19, a first fixing sleeve 111, a first detaching sleeve 119, and a first fastening sleeve 115. Specifically, the first plug 19 is connected to one end of the casing 13 and abuts against the core 16; a part of the first fixing sleeve 111 extends into one end of the outer shell 13 and is in threaded connection with the outer shell 13; the first fixing sleeve 111 is sleeved outside the first disassembling sleeve 119 and connected to the first plug 19, and the first fastening sleeve 115 is screwed into the first fixing sleeve 111 and abuts against the first disassembling sleeve 119.
The first plug 19 is provided with a liquid inlet connected with the liquid inlet pipe 12 and an air outlet connected with the air outlet pipe 11; the liquid inlet pipe 12 is communicated with the data acquisition system 4; a graphite sealing ring 121 is arranged between the first fixing sleeve 111 and the housing 13. The fluid input from the liquid inlet pipe 12 enters the core 16 through the first filter screen 17 (the end of the core 16 is an inlet end). The outer walls of the first fastening sleeve 115 and the first fixing sleeve 111 are provided with anti-slip printing, and are respectively provided with disassembly holes 112 and 116 which are convenient to disassemble.
The second mounting member includes a second plug 110, a second fixing sleeve 113, a second removing sleeve 120, and a second fastening sleeve 117. The second plug 110 is connected to one end of the casing 13 and abuts against the core 16; a part of the second fixing sleeve 113 extends into one end of the outer shell 13 and is in threaded connection with the outer shell 13; the second fixing sleeve 113 is sleeved outside the second removing sleeve 120 and connected to the second plug 110, and the second fastening sleeve 117 is screwed into the second fixing sleeve 113 and abuts against the second removing sleeve 120.
The second plug 110 is provided with a liquid outlet connected with the liquid outlet pipe 125; the liquid outlet pipe 125 is communicated with the data acquisition system 4; a graphite sealing ring 122 is arranged between the second fixing sleeve 113 and the outer shell 13. The fluid output from the liquid outlet pipe 125 is filtered by the second filter 18 and then enters the liquid outlet pipe 125, and the end of the core 16 communicating with the liquid outlet pipe 125 is an outlet end. The outer walls of the second fastening sleeve 117 and the second fixing sleeve 113 are provided with anti-slip printing, and are respectively provided with detachable holes 114 and 118.
The first fastening sleeve 115, the first fixing sleeve 111, the second fastening sleeve 117 and the second fixing sleeve 113 are provided with the dismounting holes 116, 112, 118 and 114, so that the core 16 holder is prevented from being easily dismounted after being subjected to high temperature and high pressure. By providing the disassembling holes 116, 112, 118, 114, after the experiment is completed, the experiment can be disassembled by inserting a wrench into the disassembling holes 116, 112, 118, 114.
In order to conveniently control the gas outlet and the liquid injection of the rock core 16, the rock core system 1 is provided with a gas outlet valve (not numbered) and an injection valve (not numbered) which are positioned outside the rock core 16 holder; the injection valve is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe 12; the air outlet valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe 11. As shown in fig. 3, the other end of the exhaust pipe 11 (the end far from the core 16 holder) is provided with a back pressure valve and a pressure gauge.
In this embodiment, the confining pressure system 3 may simulate the formation pressure surrounding the producing reservoir. Specifically, the confining pressure system 3 includes a nitrogen gas source 31 (which may be a nitrogen gas cylinder) communicated with the confining pressure input port 123 through a confining pressure pipeline; the confining pressure pipeline is communicated with a six-way valve 32, and the six-way valve 32 is connected with a confining pressure gauge 33. The applied confining pressure can be measured by the confining pressure gauge 33.
In order to facilitate the injection of crude oil and a displacement medium and to facilitate the simulation of formation environments under different conditions, the injection system 2 may inject steam and various fluids into the core system 1. Specifically, the injection system 2 includes a crude oil injection unit and a displacement medium injection unit. The crude oil injection unit comprises a first driving pump 21, an intermediate container 26 for storing crude oil and a preheating coil 27 for heating the crude oil which are connected in sequence; the preheating coil 27 is in communication with the liquid inlet pipe 12. The oil (or crude oil) and the displacement fluid can be heated well by providing the preheating coil 27 so as to better perform experiments and simulate the formation crude oil condition.
The displacement medium injection unit includes a second driving pump 25, a steam generator 22 for forming steam, a vacuum pump 210, a first metering container 211 for storing water; the steam generator 22 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 12, the vacuum pump 210 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 12, and the first metering container 211 is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe 125 through a saturated water pipeline; and a valve (not numbered) is arranged on the saturated water pipeline. The core system 1 can be vacuumized before the experiment by the vacuum pump 210, and the vacuumized core 16 can be saturated by water through the first metering container 211, so that the pore volume and the porosity of the core 16 can be conveniently measured. A valve may be provided in the saturation water line to control the first metering container 211 to supply saturated water to the core 16.
As shown in fig. 2, a switch valve is provided between the intermediate container 26 and the preheating coil 27 to control the fluid injection. The pipeline between the second driving pump 25 and the steam generator 22 is also provided with a valve, the pipeline between the steam generator 22 and the liquid inlet pipe 12 is provided with a valve, and is simultaneously connected with a back pressure valve 23 and a pressure gauge 24, and the pipeline where the back pressure valve 23 and the pressure gauge 24 are located is provided with a valve at the upstream of the back pressure valve 23 and the pressure gauge 24.
In order to prevent the displacement medium and the crude oil containing the air bubbles from entering the core, the crude oil injection unit and the displacement medium injection unit are both communicated with a leakage flow bypass valve (not shown), and the leakage flow bypass valve is arranged at the tail ends of the crude oil injection unit and the displacement medium injection unit so as to drain part of the fluid possibly containing the air bubbles before the crude oil and the displacement medium are injected into the core 16, thereby being beneficial to obtaining more real experimental results.
In the present embodiment, the data acquisition system 4 includes a pressure detection component 41, a calculation component 42, and a power supply 43 connected to the liquid inlet pipe 12 and the liquid outlet pipe 125. The computing component 42 is connected to the pressure detecting component 41 and the power supply 43. The pressure detecting assembly 41 may include at least one of a pressure sensor, a differential pressure sensor, and a pressure gauge. The pressure detection component 41 and the calculation component 42 can be connected with the transmission component 41 through data acquisition, and the calculation component 42 can be a calculator, a single chip microcomputer, a PLC, a circuit board and other hardware structures. The power supply 43 may be a UPS uninterruptible power supply 43. The data acquisition system 4 is connected with the liquid inlet pipe 12 and the liquid outlet pipe 125, so that the displacement pressure difference, the injection pressure and the back pressure can be measured.
The production system 5 comprises a cooling device, a second metering container 55; the cooling device is used for cooling the produced liquid delivered by the liquid outlet pipe 125, and the second metering container 55 is used for storing and metering the produced liquid delivered by the liquid outlet pipe 125. Specifically, the cooling device comprises a cooling container 52 and a cooling elbow 51 positioned in the cooling container 52; the cooling container 52 is internally provided with cooling liquid for immersing the cooling elbow 51; the cooling elbow 51 is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe 125. The cooling device and the second measuring container 55 may be beakers. A back pressure valve 53 and a pressure gauge 54 can also be communicated between the second metering device 55 and the cooling device.
In order to prevent the error of the experimental result caused by the residual oil in the core 16, the experimental device for the high-temperature and high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of the heavy oil reservoir can also comprise a liquid production treatment system. The industrial processing system can separate the produced liquid at the production place of the production system 5 and clean the tested rock core 16 to obtain residual oil.
Specifically, the liquid production processing system comprises a cleaning pump 61, a third metering container 62, a crucible 63, a metering device 65 and an air compressor 64. The cleaning pump 61 is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe 12 to clean residual oil inside the core 16 through a solvent; said third metering container 62 is in communication with said outlet pipe 125 to receive the solvent with said residual oil dissolved therein; the crucible 63 is capable of evaporating the solvent to obtain the residual oil; the metering device 65 is used for metering the weight of the residual oil; the air compressor 64 is connected to the core system 1 to air-dry the core system 1. Wherein the third metering container 62 may be a beaker and the metering device 65 may be a scale.
The experimental device of the embodiment can adopt the natural core 16 of the heavy oil reservoir and apply confining pressure, truly simulates the actual situation of the heavy oil reservoir, and the core 16 holder of the experimental device realizes the oil displacement efficiency experiment of the heavy oil reservoir under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure through the structural design, and can accurately reflect the change rule of steam oil displacement in the heavy oil exploitation process.
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an experimental method using the apparatus for testing the high-temperature and high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of a heavy oil reservoir according to the above embodiment, where the experimental method includes the following steps:
s10, saturating the formation water for the rock core 16;
the step of saturating formation water with the core 16 comprises the following steps: the core 16 is evacuated by a vacuum pump 210, then the formation water is saturated by a siphon method, and then the core 16 is displaced by the formation water of 2.0PV to ensure that no bubbles exist at the outlet of the core 16.
Specifically, the prepared weighed rock core 16 is placed in a rock core 16 holder, vacuum pumping is carried out by a vacuum pump 210 to 10-3MPa, then continuous vacuum pumping is carried out for 5 hours, and then a siphon method is adopted to saturate formation water. And calculating the pore volume and porosity of the core 16 according to the stratum water quantity absorbed by the core 16, and finally quickly displacing 2.0PV water until no bubbles exist at the outlet of the core 16.
S20, setting outlet back pressure and confining pressure;
set up export back pressure and confined pressure and include: and setting outlet back pressure and confining pressure according to the experiment temperature. Specifically, the outlet back pressure is 0.3MPa to 1.0MPa lower than the saturated water pressure at the experimental temperature. Closing the confining pressure exhaust port, and applying confining pressure to the core 16 holder through the confining pressure input port 123 by using the nitrogen source 31; the confining pressure is 2.0 MPa-3.0 MPa higher than the inlet pressure of the rock core 16.
S30, saturating the rock core 16 with oil;
the pair of cores 16 saturated oil comprises: starting the constant temperature box 128 to heat to the experimental temperature, and keeping the confining pressure stable in the heating process; after keeping the constant temperature for a preset time, starting a first driving pump 21 until the injection pressure is the preset pressure, and starting an injection valve to perform oil flooding on the rock core 16 at a constant speed; when the oil-drive water pressure difference is stable, the oil-drive speed is increased to displace 1-2 times of the pore volume, and the pressure difference and the accumulated water displaced from the rock core 16 are recorded; and displacing saturated water in the rock core 16 by using crude oil with 3-5 times of pore volume, and obtaining the oil saturation degree similar to the oil reservoir condition according to the oil displacement water time and speed.
To avoid disturbing factors such as air bubbles in the displacement medium, a bleed bypass valve (not shown) is also connected to the outlet end of the preheating coil 27. In the step of saturating the core 16 with oil, after the first driving pump 21 is started until the injection pressure is a preset pressure, oil with 1-2 times of the volume of the preheating coil 27 is discharged through the leakage bypass valve, and then the injection valve is started to drive the oil to remove water.
Specifically, the incubator 128 is opened and the core 16 holder is heated to the experimental temperature. During the heating process, the variation of the confining pressure is noticed and the confining pressure is kept stable. When the temperature in the incubator 128 reaches the set temperature, the temperature is maintained constant for 5 hours. And then, starting the first driving pump 21, when the injection pressure is increased to 2.0MPa, opening a valve between the preheating coil 27 and the intermediate container 26 and a drain bypass valve (the injection valve is in a closed state), discharging 1.5 times of oil of the volume of the preheating coil 27 from the drain bypass valve, closing the drain bypass valve, opening an injection valve at the inlet of the rock core 16, opening an outlet valve of the rock core 16, injecting the experimental oil into the rock core 16 at a constant low speed for oil-driving water to establish bound water, paying attention to the change of the pressure at the inlet of the rock core 16 during injection, and keeping the confining pressure higher than the pressure of the inlet by 2 MPa-3 MPa. When the pressure difference is stable, the injection speed is properly increased, and 1-2 times of the pore volume of the rock core 16 is displaced, the pressure difference and the accumulated water displaced from the rock core 16 are recorded. And displacing saturated water in the rock core 16 by using crude oil with 3-5 times of pore volume, and controlling the oil displacement time and speed to obtain the oil saturation degree approximate to the oil reservoir condition.
S40, performing a rock core 16 displacement experiment;
the performing of the core 16 displacement experiment comprises: stopping the first driving pump 21 and starting the second driving pump 25, starting the injection valve to drive the oil by steam when the injection pressure of the steam generated by the steam generator 22 reaches a preset pressure, and collecting the produced liquid through the second metering container 55 until the water content in the produced liquid reaches 98 percent.
Specifically, the crude oil inlet valve and the crude oil outlet valve are closed, the injection medium pump is started, the injection medium is introduced to the inlet of the rock core 16, the inlet valve of the rock core 16 is opened after the pressure of the injection medium valve reaches 2.0MPa, then the outlet valve of the rock core 16 is opened, an injection medium oil displacement experiment is carried out, and the oil production in the period without the injection medium, the oil production, the water production, the pressure difference and the like at a proper time interval are measured by the outlet. And ending the experiment until the water content of the outlet end of the rock core 16 reaches more than 98%. The produced oil and water are calculated by a solvent extraction distillation method.
And S50, washing and obtaining residual oil of the core 16.
The washing and obtaining of residual oil from the core 16 includes: when the core 16 holder is returned to room temperature, the cleaning pump 61 is started to clean the residual oil in the core 16 by using the solvent and collect the residual oil until the color of the eluate is similar to that of the solvent, and finally the collected liquid is steamed by using the crucible 63 to obtain the residual oil.
After the oil displacement experiment is finished, the model is naturally cooled to room temperature, the residual oil in the model is cleaned by the cleaning circulating pump 61 and the solvent (at this time, the solvent can be cyclohexane), then the model is cleaned by the cleaning pump 61 and the solvent (the solvent can be alcohol), and meanwhile, the cleaning solution is collected until the color of the eluate is similar to that of the solvent. Finally, the cleaning solution is cooked using a crucible 63 to obtain the final residual oil, which is metered using a balance.
In one embodiment, the experimental method may further comprise the steps of: and S25, carrying out leakage test on the experimental device.
Specifically, the leak testing the experimental apparatus includes: the pressure of the experimental device is tested to be 10MPa, and the experimental device is qualified when the pressure drop is less than 0.005MPa after the preset time.
In one embodiment, the experimental method may further comprise the steps of: s26, eliminating the particle migration in the rock core 16;
the elimination of particle migration in the core 16 includes: injecting water into the rock core 16 at a preset flow rate at normal temperature for water drive, raising the temperature to the experimental temperature after the water drive pressure difference is stable, injecting water into the rock core 16 at the preset flow rate for water drive, and indicating that the particle migration in the rock core 16 is eliminated after the water drive pressure difference is stable.
Specifically, after the core 16 is saturated with formation water, water is injected into the core 16 at a predetermined flow rate at normal temperature, the particles in the core 16 are removed when the water-driving pressure difference is stable, then the temperature is raised to the experimental temperature (the surrounding pressure is ensured to be higher than the internal pressure by 1.5 MPa-2.0 MPa in the temperature raising process), water is injected into the core 16 again at a predetermined flow rate, and the particles in the core are removed when the water-driving pressure difference is stable.
Any numerical value recited herein includes all values from the lower value to the upper value that are incremented by one unit, provided that there is a separation of at least two units between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if it is stated that the number of a component or a value of a process variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, and more preferably from 30 to 70, it is intended that equivalents such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also expressly enumerated in this specification. For values less than 1, one unit is suitably considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1. These are only examples of what is intended to be explicitly recited, and all possible combinations of numerical values between the lowest value and the highest value that are explicitly recited in the specification in a similar manner are to be considered.
Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges include the endpoints and all numbers between the endpoints. The use of "about" or "approximately" with a range applies to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "about 20 to about 30" is intended to cover "about 20 to about 30", including at least the endpoints specified.
All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional.
A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego such subject matter, nor should the inventors be construed as having contemplated such subject matter as being part of the disclosed subject matter.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental method adopting a heavy oil reservoir high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency experimental device is characterized in that the heavy oil reservoir high-temperature high-pressure oil displacement efficiency experimental device comprises:
a core system; the core system comprises a constant temperature box and a core holder positioned in the constant temperature box; the core holder is used for holding a core;
an injection system connected to the core system; the injection system is capable of injecting an experimental fluid into the core system;
the confining pressure system is connected with the core system; the confining pressure system can apply confining pressure to a core of the core system;
the data acquisition system is connected with the rock core system; the data acquisition system can acquire the oil displacement pressure, the oil displacement time and the change curve of the oil displacement pressure along with the oil displacement PV number of the injection system;
a production system connected to the core system; the production system is capable of receiving fluid produced by the core system;
the core holder comprises a shell, a pressure transmission sleeve coaxially arranged in the shell, a first mounting piece arranged at one end of the shell and a second mounting piece arranged at the other end of the shell; a confining pressure space is formed between the shell and the pressure transmission sleeve, and a confining pressure input port and a confining pressure output port which are communicated with the confining pressure space are arranged on the shell; the pressure transmission sleeve is used for placing a rock core; a liquid inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe pass through the first mounting part and are introduced into one end of the pressure transmission sleeve, and a liquid outlet pipe passes through the second mounting part and is introduced into the other end of the pressure transmission sleeve; the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the injection system, and the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the production system;
the injection system comprises a crude oil injection unit and a displacement medium injection unit; the crude oil injection unit comprises a first driving pump, an intermediate container and a preheating coil, wherein the first driving pump, the intermediate container and the preheating coil are sequentially connected; the preheating coil is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe;
the displacement medium injection unit comprises a second driving pump, a steam generator for forming steam, a vacuum pump and a first metering container for storing water; the steam generator is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, the vacuum pump is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, and the first metering container is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe through a saturated water pipeline; a valve is arranged on the saturated water pipeline;
the data acquisition system comprises a pressure detection assembly, a differential pressure detection assembly, a calculation assembly and a power supply which are connected with the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe; the computing assembly is connected with the pressure detection assembly, the differential pressure detection assembly and the power supply;
the production system comprises a cooling device and a second metering container; the cooling device is used for cooling the produced liquid conveyed by the liquid outlet pipe, and the second metering container is used for storing and metering the produced liquid conveyed by the liquid outlet pipe;
the cooling device comprises a cooling container and a cooling bent pipe positioned in the cooling container; the cooling container is internally provided with cooling liquid for immersing the cooling bent pipe; the cooling bent pipe is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe;
the experimental device for the high-temperature and high-pressure oil displacement efficiency of the heavy oil reservoir also comprises a liquid production treatment system; the liquid production treatment system comprises a cleaning pump, a third metering container, a crucible, a metering device and an air compressor; the cleaning pump is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe so as to clean residual oil in the rock core through a solvent; the third metering container is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe to receive the solvent dissolved with the residual oil; the crucible is capable of evaporating the solvent to obtain the residual oil; the metering device is used for metering the weight of the residual oil, and the air compressor is connected with the core system and used for drying the cleaned core;
the experimental method comprises the following steps:
saturating formation water for the core;
setting outlet back pressure and confining pressure;
saturating the rock core with oil;
performing a rock core displacement experiment;
cleaning and obtaining residual oil of the rock core;
the step of saturating formation water with the core comprises the following steps: vacuumizing the core by using a vacuum pump, then saturating formation water by using a siphon method, and displacing the formation water of 2.0PV for the core so as to ensure that an outlet of the core is free of bubbles; set up export back pressure and confined pressure and include: setting outlet back pressure and confining pressure according to the experiment temperature; the outlet back pressure is 0.3MPa to 1.0MPa lower than the saturated water pressure at the experimental temperature; closing the confining pressure exhaust port, and applying confining pressure to the core holder through the confining pressure input port by using a nitrogen source; the confining pressure is 2.0 MPa-3.0 MPa higher than the inlet pressure of the rock core;
the experimental method further comprises the step of performing leakage test on the experimental device;
the leak testing the experimental device comprises: testing the pressure of the experimental device to 10MPa, wherein the pressure drop of the experimental device is less than 0.005MPa after the preset time, namely the experimental device is qualified;
the experimental method further comprises: eliminating the migration of particles in the core;
the eliminating the migration of particles in the core comprises the following steps: injecting water into the rock core at a preset flow rate at normal temperature for water drive, raising the temperature to the experimental temperature after the pressure difference of the water drive is stable, injecting water into the rock core at the preset flow rate for water drive, and indicating that the migration of particles in the rock core is eliminated after the pressure difference of the water drive is stable.
2. The experimental method of claim 1, wherein saturating the core with oil comprises:
starting a constant temperature box to heat to an experimental temperature, and keeping the confining pressure stable in the heating process;
after keeping the constant temperature for a preset hour, starting a first driving pump until the injection pressure is the preset pressure, and starting an injection valve to perform oil flooding on the rock core at a constant speed;
when the oil-drive water pressure difference is stable, the oil-drive speed is increased to displace 1-2 times of the pore volume, and the pressure difference and the accumulated water displaced from the core are recorded;
and displacing saturated water in the core by using crude oil with 3-5 times of pore volume, and obtaining the oil saturation degree similar to the oil reservoir condition according to the oil displacement water time and speed.
3. The experimental method of claim 2, wherein the outlet end of said preheating coil is further connected with a blow-off bypass valve;
in the step of saturating the rock core with oil, after the first driving pump is started until the injection pressure is a preset pressure, oil with the volume 1-2 times that of the preheating coil pipe is discharged through the flow-discharging bypass valve, and then the injection valve is started to drive the oil to drive the water.
4. The experimental method of claim 3, wherein performing a core flood experiment comprises:
stopping the first driving pump and starting the second driving pump, starting the injection valve to drive the oil by steam when the injection pressure of the steam generated by the steam generator reaches a preset pressure, collecting the produced liquid through the second metering container, and ending the oil drive until the water content in the produced liquid reaches 98%.
5. The experimental method of claim 4, wherein said washing and obtaining core residual oil comprises:
and when the core holder returns to the room temperature, starting a cleaning pump to clean residual oil in the core by using the solvent and collecting the residual oil until the color of the eluate is similar to that of the solvent, stopping cleaning, and finally cooking the collected liquid by using a crucible to obtain the residual oil.
6. The assay of claim 1, wherein: the core is wrapped by an isolation sleeve, and the isolation sleeve separates the core from the pressure transmission sleeve; and a first filter screen is fixed at one end of the core by the isolation sleeve, and a second filter screen is fixed at the other end of the core.
7. The assay of claim 1, wherein: the first mounting piece comprises a first ejector head, a first fixing sleeve, a first dismounting sleeve and a first fastening sleeve;
the first ejector head is connected to one end of the shell and abuts against the rock core; the part of the first fixing sleeve extends into one end of the shell and is in threaded connection with the shell; the first fixing sleeve is sleeved outside the first disassembling sleeve and connected with the first ejector head, and the first fastening sleeve is in threaded connection with the first fixing sleeve and abuts against the first disassembling sleeve;
the first plug is provided with a liquid inlet connected with the liquid inlet pipe and an air outlet connected with the exhaust pipe; the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the data acquisition system; and a graphite sealing ring is arranged between the first fixing sleeve and the shell.
8. The assay of claim 7, wherein: the second mounting piece comprises a second ejector head, a second fixing sleeve, a second dismounting sleeve and a second fastening sleeve;
the second ejector head is connected to one end of the shell and abuts against the rock core; the part of the second fixed sleeve extends into one end of the shell and is in threaded connection with the shell; the second fixing sleeve is sleeved outside the second disassembling sleeve and connected with the second ejector head, and the second fastening sleeve is in threaded connection with the second fixing sleeve and abuts against the second disassembling sleeve;
the second ejector is provided with a liquid outlet connected with the liquid outlet pipe; the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the data acquisition system; and a graphite sealing ring is arranged between the second fixing sleeve and the shell.
9. The assay of claim 1, wherein: the core system is provided with an air outlet valve and an injection valve which are positioned outside the core holder; the injection valve is arranged on the liquid inlet pipe; the air outlet valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe.
10. The assay of claim 1, wherein: the confining pressure system comprises a nitrogen source which is communicated with the confining pressure input port through a confining pressure pipeline; and the confining pressure pipeline is communicated with a six-way valve, and the six-way valve is connected with a confining pressure gauge.
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