CN108296628A - A kind of agitating friction preparation large scale function-graded material method - Google Patents

A kind of agitating friction preparation large scale function-graded material method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108296628A
CN108296628A CN201810408364.1A CN201810408364A CN108296628A CN 108296628 A CN108296628 A CN 108296628A CN 201810408364 A CN201810408364 A CN 201810408364A CN 108296628 A CN108296628 A CN 108296628A
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stirring
plank
thickness
head
function
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CN108296628B (en
Inventor
呼咏
吴彤
王文阳
赵宏伟
王宇
付忠国
曹勇
陈思远
杨峥
郭锦洲
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/128—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding making use of additional material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
    • B23K20/2333—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer one layer being aluminium, magnesium or beryllium

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of agitating frictions to prepare large scale function-graded material method, it is an object of the invention to solve in existing preparation method it is of high cost, energy utilization rate is low, pollution is big, scantling it is small and there are stomata, interface cohesion is not close a series of problems, such as；A part for the material of two or more layers unlike material is uniformly mixed as the different material of a composition of layer by the present invention by the heating during mixing yoghurt, plasticizing, stirring, squeezing action, one or more layers material is laminated on this basis, it is stirred friction processing again, to which the different material of another composition of layer be made, by repeatedly processing, to form multilayer ingredient difference, compact function-graded material, the present invention is easy to operate, easily controllable, environmental-friendly, is convenient for commercial application.

Description

A kind of agitating friction preparation large scale function-graded material method
Technical field
The invention belongs to functionally gradient material (FGM) preparation fields, are related to a kind of method that agitating friction prepares function-graded material, especially It is a kind of large-sized function-graded material preparation method.
Background technology
With the development of the progress and society of modern science and technology, the competitiveness of material science is increasingly becoming measurement country height One of the standard of S＆T business incubator and development prospect.Function-graded material is that modem scholars study greatly heat the one of field of material preparation Point.Nowadays, function-graded material has been widely used in the fields such as bioengineering, mechanical engineering, photoelectric project, nuclear engineering, Main example to be applied include artificial teeth, airspace engine inner wall, cutter, nuclear reactor plasma facing material etc..
The research that numerous scholars are just caused from function-graded material proposition, is broadly divided into three parts：Gradient function material Design, preparation and the performance evaluation of material, the preparation of certain function-graded material are that scholars study now as a big difficulty Centrostigma.Now prepare function-graded material method include：Direct Laser metal deposit, centre spinning, CO2Laser is molten Cover method, discharge plasma sintering method, electro-pulse deposition method, hot pressing sintering method etc., but these preparation methods all exist it is several Problem, such as equipment is expensive, preparation process is cumbersome, of high cost, energy utilization rate is low, pollution is big, preparing scantling is restricted A series of problems, such as, and the material prepared the defects of that there is also stomata, interface cohesions is not close, thermal stress, therefore the present invention It is intended to invent a kind of method that agitating friction prepares function-graded material to solve the above problems.
After the Britain's institute of welding proposition since 1991 of agitating friction welding technique, just it is widely used rapidly. This method is a kind of solid-state processing method, and the peak temperature of welding region is be soldered material melting point 80% or so, with certain The stirring-head of rotation is inserted into workpiece by speed, by from mixing needle, the shaft shoulder and contact base material between frictional heat and by The plastic work done heat production of welding region metal makes the material of welding region be plasticized；With the movement and rotation of stirring-head, welding region Material generate Plastic Flow therewith, and squeeze and be combined together, produce fine and close and uniformly weld tissue.
Invention content
It is expensive for there are equipment in traditional function-graded material preparation method, preparation process is cumbersome, of high cost, the energy is sharp With rate is low, pollution is big, a series of problems, such as preparing that scantling is limited, interface set is not close etc., it is an object of the invention to Develop a kind of high quality simple for process, low energy consumption, environmentally protective, large scale function-graded material preparation method.
The present invention relies primarily on heating during mixing yoghurt, plasticizing, stirring, squeezing action by 2 layers or multilayer The material of unlike material is uniformly mixed as the different material of a composition of layer, by multiple multilayer processing, to form multilayer ingredient Different, compact function-graded material.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of agitating friction preparation large scale function-graded material method, using the side of the agitating friction welding of solid-state processing Method, the plastic work done for relying primarily on the frictional heat and soldered region material between the mixing needle of stirring-head and the shaft shoulder and plank generate Heat makes welding region material be plasticized, as main shaft drives the movement and rotation of stirring-head, the material of welding region plasticity therewith It flows and squeezes and be combined together, to which the material of two or more layers unlike material is uniformly mixed into different new of a composition of layer Material to form multilayer ingredient difference, compact function-graded material by repeatedly processing；It is characterized in that, two kinds of setting The ingredient of the sheet material of friction to be mixed is respectively A and B, their thickness hiIndicate, i=1,2,3 ..., by stirring It is C that the volume fraction in the i-th layer material of function-graded material shared by ingredient B is formed after frictioni, the thickness of the i-th layer material is Hi, stirring-head D, the mixing needle length d of stirring-head, stirring-head shaft shoulder volume under pressure y, new material G after welding, this method it is specific Steps are as follows：
Step 1：It is selected to be divided into A thickness to be h1Plank A1With ingredient be B thickness it is h2Plank B1, by A1And B1Table Face polishing, cleaning and dry, removal surface and oil contaminant, in favor of processing, by A1And B1It is clamped on workbench, waits to be added after lamination Work；
Step 2：Choose stirring-head D1, mixing needle length is d1, the shaft shoulder volume under pressure that when processing uses is y1, then effectively Stirring depth is s1=d1+y1, it should meet condition h2＜ s1＜ h1+h2, the inclination angle of main shaft is 1 ° to 3 ° when processing, in favor of stirring The flowing of region material vertically, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05-1mm are mixed, stirring-head forward speed is 30-120mm/min, main Rotating speed is 300-1000r/min, with stirring-head D1It is repeatedly processed along preset welding route, mixing yoghurt When, straight line when with stirring-head along welding route linear motion where the stirring-head center of circle is processing axis, to keep material flowing equal Even, the spacing between two parallel processing axis is the 50% of stirring-head shaft shoulder diameter, finally to plank B1Upper surface into Row all standing is processed；Since time processing is limited to the stirring action of upper and lower plank, two kinds of materials cannot be made to stir evenly, therefore To plank B1Upper surface to take 2-5 surface all standing process according to welding route；So far, within the scope of mixing needle Two kinds of materials of A, B be completely mixed together, form one layer of fine and close new material G1Constitute the second layer of function-graded material Material, new material G1Volume fraction shared by middle B is C2, since on the downside of mixing needle therefore material is almost without by stirring action First layer material of function-graded material, volume fraction shared by wherein B are C1, therefore just preliminarily form two layers of through-thickness Function-graded material；
Step 3：It is h by thickness3Material is the plank B of B2It is stacked on the new material G that previous step has just processed1On, lamination Clamping on the table, uses mixing needle length d afterwards2Stirring-head D2, it is s effectively to stir depth2, meet condition h3＜ s3＜ s1+h3, using mixing yoghurt mode to plank B2Upper surface carries out 2-5 all standing process, and two parallel add Spacing between work axis is the 50% of stirring-head shaft shoulder diameter, prepares the gradient function material of the volume fraction biggers of B containing material The third layer material G of material2, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C3, therefore just preliminarily form three layers of gradient function of through-thickness Material；
Step 4：It for B thickness is h to use material4Plank B3It is stacked in new material G2On, clamping is in workbench after lamination On, the use of effective stirring depth is s3Stirring-head D3Agitating friction carries out 2-5 all standing processing and prepares function-graded material The 4th layer material G3, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C4；It for B thickness is h to use material5Plank B4It is stacked in new material G3 On, clamping is s using effective stirring depth on the table after lamination4Stirring-head D4Agitating friction carries out 2-5 all standing The layer 5 material G of function-graded material is prepared in processing4, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C5；And so on, use material for B thickness is hnPlank Bn-1It is stacked in new material Gn-2On, clamping on the table, is using effective stirring depth after lamination sn-1Stirring-head Dn-1Agitating friction carries out the n-th layer material G that function-graded material is prepared in 2-5 all standing processingn-1, Volume fraction shared by middle B is Cn, so far successfully prepare the function-graded material that the number of plies is n；
Further technical solution is：
In step (1) when the fusing point of materials A and B difference are less than 500 DEG C, plate may be used for the material that ingredient is B The form of material；
The material that two fusing points are differed by more than with 500 DEG C, take ingredient be A, thickness hA1Plank on spray one Layer average thickness is m1Ingredient be B powder be denoted as plank B1, it is made to meet condition hA1+m1=h2, by plank A1And have ingredient The plank B of B powder1Lamination makes powder be located between two planks, is clamped on workbench, is waited to be processed；
Plank B in step (3)2For be A in ingredient, thickness hA2Plank on one layer of average thickness of spraying be m2At It is divided into the powder of B, meets hA2+m2=h3；
Plank B in step (4)3、B4And B(n-1)Be respectively A, thickness in ingredient it is respectively hA3、hA4、hA(n-1)Plate It is respectively m that one layer of average thickness is sprayed on material3、m4、m(n-1)Ingredient be B powder formed, meet hA3+m3=h4、hA4+m4 =h5、hA(n-1)+m(n-1)=hn。
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. this method generates heat by the frictional heat of stirring-head and the plastic work done of soldered region material, make welding section The plasticizing of domain material, as main shaft drives the movement and rotation of stirring-head, the material of welding region Plastic Flow and squeezes knot therewith It is combined, to which the material of two or more layers unlike material is uniformly mixed into the different new material of a composition of layer, through excessive Secondary processing forms multilayer ingredient difference, compact function-graded material, and technical process is simple；High temperature, high pressure, true is not required Altitude, therefore low energy consumption in process；Gas shield is not required, does not use coolant liquid and welding rod etc., therefore environmentally protective；
2. this method is by the way of the welding of agitating friction that solid-state is processed, thus can effectively avoid stomata in material, Crackle, can obtain high quality, high compactness function-graded material；
3. this method material different to material can multiple lamination, multiple mixing yoghurt, therefore do not limit gradient The number of plies of functional material；
4. this method carries out all standing processing according to welding route to plate surface, so existing preparation side can effectively be solved The small problem of function-graded material size, can prepare large scale gradient function caused by being influenced by mold or Preparation equipment in method Material；
5. a kind of agitating friction of the present invention, which prepares large scale function-graded material method, can facilitate calculating each group At the volume fraction shared by material.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is that a kind of agitating friction of the present invention prepares large scale function-graded material method welding route and workpiece Clamping schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of agitating friction of the present invention prepares large scale function-graded material method processing gradient function material Expect schematic diagram when the second layer material；
Fig. 3 is that a kind of agitating friction of the present invention prepares large scale function-graded material method processing gradient function material Expect schematic diagram when third layer material；
Fig. 4 is the n-layer ladder that a kind of agitating friction of the present invention prepares that large scale function-graded material method processes Spend functional material schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
Illustrate the specific implementation mode of the present invention with reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the present invention provides a kind of preparations of agitating friction The method of large scale function-graded material.
A kind of agitating friction preparation large scale function-graded material method, using the side of the agitating friction welding of solid-state processing Method, the plastic work done for relying primarily on the frictional heat and soldered region material between the mixing needle of stirring-head and the shaft shoulder and plank generate Heat makes welding region material be plasticized, as main shaft drives the movement and rotation of stirring-head, the material of welding region plasticity therewith It flows and squeezes and be combined together, to which the material of two or more layers unlike material is uniformly mixed into different new of a composition of layer Material to form multilayer ingredient difference, compact function-graded material by repeatedly processing；It is characterized in that, two kinds of setting The sheet material of friction to be mixed is respectively A and B, their thickness hiIt indicates, i=1,2,3 ..., after agitating friction It is C to form the volume fraction in the i-th layer material of function-graded material shared by ingredient Bi, the thickness of the i-th layer material is Hi, stirring Head is D, and the mixing needle length d of stirring-head, stirring-head shaft shoulder volume under pressure y, new material G after welding, the specific steps of this method are such as Under：
Step 1：As Fig. 1 is selected to be divided into A thickness to be h1Plank A1With ingredient be B thickness it is h2Plank B1, by A1With B1Surface polishing, cleaning and dry, removal surface and oil contaminant, in favor of processing, by A1And B1It is clamped on workbench after lamination, etc. It is to be processed；
Step 2：As Fig. 2 chooses stirring-head D1, mixing needle length is d1, the shaft shoulder volume under pressure that when processing uses is y1, Then effectively stirring depth is s1=d1+y1, it should meet condition h2＜ s1＜ h1+h2, it is specific as shown in Fig. 2, dotted line position indicates The interface of its stirring region and non-stirring region, the inclination angle of main shaft is 1 ° to 3 ° when processing, so that stirring region material is along hanging down Histogram to flowing, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05-1mm, stirring-head forward speed be 30-120mm/min, speed of mainshaft 300- 1000r/min uses stirring-head D as shown in Figure 11Preset welding route shown in dotted line is repeatedly processed along Fig. 1, is stirred When mixing friction processing, straight line when with stirring-head along welding route linear motion where the stirring-head center of circle is processing axis, to make Material flowing is uniform, and the spacing between two parallel processing axis are 50% (i.e. adjacent void in Fig. 1 of stirring-head shaft shoulder diameter The distance of line), the track shown in Fig. 1 is finally to plank B1Upper surface carry out all standing processing；Since time processing is to upper and lower The stirring action of plank is limited, two kinds of materials cannot be made to stir evenly, therefore to plank B1Upper surface will according to welding route Take 2-5 surface all standing process；So far, two kinds of materials of A, B within the scope of mixing needle are completely mixed together, shape At one layer of fine and close new material G1Constitute the second layer material of function-graded material, new material G1Volume fraction is shared by middle B C2, due on the downside of mixing needle material almost without being therefore the first layer material of function-graded material, wherein B by stirring action Shared volume fraction is C1, therefore just preliminarily form the two layers of gradient functional material of through-thickness；
Step 3：It is h by thickness3Material is the plank B of B2It is stacked on the new material G that previous step has just processed1On, lamination Clamping on the table, uses mixing needle length d afterwards2Stirring-head D2As shown in figure 3, it is s that it, which effectively stirs depth,2, meet item Part h3＜ s3＜ s1+h3, using mixing yoghurt mode to plank B2Upper surface carries out 2-5 all standing process, and two Spacing between the parallel processing axis of item is the 50% of stirring-head shaft shoulder diameter, prepares the volume fraction biggers of B containing material The third layer material G of function-graded material2, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C3, therefore just preliminarily form the three of through-thickness Layer function-graded material；
Step 4：It for B thickness is h to use material4Plank B3It is stacked in new material G2On, clamping is in workbench after lamination On, the use of effective stirring depth is s3Stirring-head D3Agitating friction carries out 2-5 all standing processing and prepares function-graded material The 4th layer material G3, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C4；It for B thickness is h to use material5Plank B4It is stacked in new material G3 On, clamping is s using effective stirring depth on the table after lamination4Stirring-head D4Agitating friction carries out 2-5 all standing The layer 5 material G of function-graded material is prepared in processing4, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C5；And so on, use material for B thickness is hnPlank Bn-1It is stacked in new material Gn-2On, clamping on the table, is using effective stirring depth after lamination sn-1Stirring-head Dn-1Agitating friction carries out the n-th layer material G that function-graded material is prepared in 2-5 all standing processingn-1, Volume fraction shared by middle B is Cn, the function-graded material that the number of plies is n is so far successfully prepared, it is specific as shown in Figure 4；
In step (1) when the fusing point of materials A and B difference are less than 500 DEG C, plate may be used for the material that ingredient is B The form of material；
The material that two fusing points are differed by more than with 500 DEG C, take ingredient be A, thickness hA1Plank on spray one Layer average thickness is m1Ingredient be B powder be denoted as plank B1, it is made to meet condition hA1+m1=h2, by plank A1And have ingredient The plank B of B powder1Lamination makes powder be located between two planks, is clamped on workbench, is waited to be processed；
Plank B in step (3)2For be A in ingredient, thickness hA2Plank on one layer of average thickness of spraying be m2At It is divided into the powder of B, meets hA2+m2=h3；
Plank B in step (4)3、B4And B(n-1)Be respectively A, thickness in ingredient it is respectively hA3、hA4、hA(n-1)Plate It is respectively m that one layer of average thickness is sprayed on material3、m4、m(n-1)Ingredient be B powder formed, meet hA3+m3=h4、hA4+m4 =h5、hA(n-1)+m(n-1)=hn；
Volume fraction in each layer of n-layer function-graded material in step (4) shared by each ingredient can be easily It is calculated by the following formula to obtain, volume fraction C shared by ingredient B in i-th layer of function-graded materialiAnd thickness HiFollowing formula can be used It calculates：
When i=1,
C1=0
H1=h1+h2-s1
When i=2,3,4 ..., n-1,
Hi=si-1+hi+1-si
When i=1,
Hi=sn-1
If the form of ingredient B is powdered, volume fraction C shared by ingredient B in i-th layer of function-graded materialiAnd Thickness HiIt can be calculated with following formula：
When i=1,
C1=0
H1=h1+h2-s1
When i=2,3,4 ..., n-1,
Hi=si-1+hi+1-si
When i=1,
Hi=sn-1
By above-mentioned calculation formula it is found that adjustment every time welding when stirring-head used effective depth s and ingredient be B plank Thickness h can be obtained thickness, graded is flexibly had excellent performance, compact function-graded material.
This method is described further with reference to two specific embodiments：
Embodiment 1：
Prepared by the example is aluminium/magnesium function-graded material, since the fusing point of magnesium and aluminium difference is less than 500 DEG C, AZ31 magnesium alloys use solid plate, specific preparation process as follows：
Step 1：As shown in Figure 1, being selected to be divided into the plank A that Al6061 thickness is 5mm1It is AZ31 magnesium alloys with ingredient Thickness is the plank B of 1mm1, by A1And B1Surface polishing, cleaning and dry, removal surface and oil contaminant, in favor of processing, by A1And B1 It is clamped on workbench, waits to be processed after lamination；
Step 2：Choose stirring-head D1, mixing needle length is 4.9mm, shaft shoulder diameter 22mm, the shaft shoulder that when processing uses Volume under pressure is 0.1mm, then its effectively stirring depth is 5mm, it is specific as shown in Fig. 2, dotted line position indicates its stirring region and not The interface of stirring region, the inclination angle of main shaft is 2 ° when processing, in favor of the flowing of stirring region material vertically, stirring-head Forward speed is 60mm/min, speed of mainshaft 750r/min, uses stirring-head D as shown in Figure 11It is welded shown in dotted line along Fig. 1 Route is processed along direction initialization, when mixing yoghurt, to keep material flowing uniform, between two parallel processing axis Spacing (i.e. the distance of adjacent dotted line in Fig. 1) be 11mm, the track shown in Fig. 1 along the upper surfaces B1 carries out 3 all standings process, So far the aluminium alloy within the scope of mixing needle is completely mixed together with magnesium alloy, forms one layer of fine and close new material G1Constitute ladder Spend the second layer material of functional material, specific distribution such as G in Fig. 31Part, due on the downside of mixing needle material almost without being stirred Therefore the effect of mixing is the first layer material of function-graded material, therefore just preliminarily form the two layers of gradient function material of through-thickness Material；
Step 3：It is the plank B that AZ31 magnesium alloy thickness is 1mm by material2It is stacked on the green wood that previous step has just processed Expect on G1, clamping on the table, uses the stirring-head D of mixing needle length 4.9mm after lamination2As shown in figure 3, it is effectively stirred Depth is 5mm, using mixing yoghurt mode to plank B2Upper surface carries out 3 all standing process, and two parallel The spacing processed between axis is 11mm, prepares the third layer material G of the more function-graded materials of magnesium alloy containing AZ312, Therefore three layers of function-graded material of through-thickness are just preliminarily formed；
Step 4：Use the plank B that material is 1mm for AZ31 magnesium alloy thickness3It is stacked in new material G2On, it is filled after lamination Folder is the stirring-head D of 5mm using effective stirring depth on the table3Agitating friction carries out 3 all standing process and prepares Go out the 4th layer material G of function-graded material3；Use the plank B that material is 1mm for AZ31 magnesium alloy thickness4It is stacked in new material G3On, clamping is the stirring-head D of 5mm using effective stirring depth on the table after lamination4Agitating friction carries out 3 all standings Process prepares the layer 5 material G of function-graded material4；Use the plank B that material is 1mm for AZ31 magnesium alloy thickness5 It is stacked in new material G4On, clamping is the stirring-head D of 5mm using effective stirring depth on the table after lamination5Agitating friction Carry out the n-th layer material G that 3 all standing process prepare function-graded material5, it is 6 so far successfully to prepare the number of plies Function-graded material.
Example 1 is successfully prepared 6 layers of magnesium alloy volume fraction aluminium incremented by successively/magnesium function-graded material, specific such as Fig. 4 It is shown.Can calculate magnesium alloy volume fraction in every layer by formula is respectively：0,20%, 36%, 48.8%, 59.04%, 67.23%；, it is respectively 1mm, 1mm, 1mm, 1mm, 1mm, 5mm per layer thickness.
Embodiment 2：
Prepared by the example is SiC/ aluminum alloy gradient materials, since the fusing point of SiC and aluminium have differed by more than 500 DEG C, because This SiC will use powder type, specific preparation process as follows：
Step 1：As shown in Figure 1, being selected to be divided into the plank A that Al6061 thickness is 5mm1It is Al6061 thickness with ingredient Plank B is formed to spray the SiC powder (average grain diameter is 10 μm) that average thickness is 0.08mm on the plank of 1mm1, by plank A1 With the plank B for having ingredient B powder1Lamination makes SiC powder be located between two planks, by plank A1With the plate for having ingredient B powder Material B1It is clamped on workbench, waits to be processed；
Step 2：Choose stirring-head D1, mixing needle length is 4.9mm, shaft shoulder diameter 22mm, the shaft shoulder that when processing uses Volume under pressure is 0.1mm, then its effectively stirring depth is 5mm, it is specific as shown in Fig. 2, dotted line position indicates its stirring region and not The interface of stirring region, the inclination angle of main shaft is 2 ° when processing, in favor of the flowing of stirring region material vertically.Stirring-head Forward speed is 40mm/min, speed of mainshaft 750r/min, uses stirring-head D as shown in Figure 11It is welded shown in dotted line along Fig. 1 Route is processed along direction initialization, when mixing yoghurt, to keep material flowing uniform, between two parallel processing axis Spacing (i.e. the distance of adjacent dotted line in Fig. 1) be 11mm, track is along B shown in Fig. 11Upper surface carries out 3 all standings processing, So far, the aluminium alloy within the scope of mixing needle is completely mixed together with SiC powder, forms one layer of fine and close new material G1It constitutes Second layer material of function-graded material, specific distribution such as G in Fig. 31Part, due on the downside of mixing needle material almost without by Stirring action is once the first layer material of function-graded material, therefore just preliminarily forms the two layers of gradient function of through-thickness Material；
Step 3：It is the SiC powder that spraying average thickness is 0.08mm on plank that Al6061 thickness is 1mm by ingredient The plank B of (average grain diameter is 10 μm) composition2It is stacked on the new material G that previous step has just processed1On, so that SiC powder is located at two Between plank, clamping on the table, uses the stirring-head D of mixing needle length 4.9mm after lamination2, effectively stirring depth is 5mm, using mixing yoghurt mode to plank B2Upper surface carries out 3 all standing process, two parallel processing axis Spacing between line is 11mm, prepares the third layer material G of more function-graded materials containing SiC powder2, therefore it is just preliminary Form three layers of function-graded material of through-thickness；
Step 4：It uses and sprays the SiC powder that average thickness is 0.08mm on the plank that ingredient is 1mm for Al6061 thickness The plank B of (average grain diameter is 10 μm) composition3It is stacked in new material G2On, so that SiC powder is located between two planks, after lamination Clamping is the stirring-head D of 5mm using effective stirring depth on the table3Agitating friction carries out 3 all standing process systems It is standby go out function-graded material the 4th layer material G3；It for Al6061 thickness is that average thickness is sprayed on the plank of 1mm to use ingredient The plank B formed for the SiC powder (average grain diameter is 10 μm) of 0.08mm4It is stacked in new material G3On, so that SiC powder is located at two Between a plank, clamping is the stirring-head D of 5mm using effective stirring depth on the table after lamination4Agitating friction carries out 3 Secondary all standing process prepares the layer 5 material G of function-graded material4；It for Al6061 thickness is 1mm's to use ingredient The plank B of SiC powder (average grain diameter is 10 μm) composition that average thickness is 0.08mm is sprayed on plank5It is stacked in new material G4 On, so that SiC powder is located between two planks, clamping is the stirring of 5mm using effective stirring depth on the table after lamination Head D5Agitating friction carries out the n-th layer material G that 3 all standing process prepare function-graded material5, so far successfully prepare Go out the function-graded material that the number of plies is 6.
Example 2 is successfully prepared 6 layers of SiC volume fractions SiC/ aluminium function-graded materials incremented by successively, specifically such as Fig. 4 institutes Show.Can calculate magnesium alloy volume fraction in every layer by formula is respectively：0,1.6%, 2.85%, 3.83%, 4.60%, 5.21%；It is respectively 1.08mm, 1.08mm, 1.08mm, 1.08mm, 1.08mm, 5mm per layer thickness.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of agitating friction prepares large scale function-graded material method, using the side of the agitating friction welding of solid-state processing Method, the plastic work done for relying primarily on the frictional heat and soldered region material between the mixing needle of stirring-head and the shaft shoulder and plank generate Heat makes welding region material be plasticized, as main shaft drives the movement and rotation of stirring-head, the material of welding region plasticity therewith It flows and squeezes and be combined together, to which the material of two or more layers unlike material is uniformly mixed into different new of a composition of layer Material to form multilayer ingredient difference, compact function-graded material by repeatedly processing；It is characterized in that, two kinds of setting The ingredient of the sheet material of friction to be mixed is respectively A and B, their thickness hiIndicate, i=1,2,3 ..., by stirring It is C that the volume fraction in the i-th layer material of function-graded material shared by ingredient B is formed after frictioni, the thickness of the i-th layer material is Hi, stirring-head D, the mixing needle length d of stirring-head, stirring-head shaft shoulder volume under pressure y, new material G after welding, this method it is specific Steps are as follows：
Step 1：It is selected to be divided into A thickness to be h1Plank A1With ingredient be B thickness it is h2Plank B1, by A1And B1Surface is beaten Mill, cleaning and dry, removal surface and oil contaminant, in favor of processing, by A1And B1It is clamped on workbench, waits to be processed after lamination；
Step 2：Choose stirring-head D1, mixing needle length is d1, the shaft shoulder volume under pressure that when processing uses is y1, then effectively stirring Depth is s1=d1+y1, it should meet condition h2＜ s1＜ h1+h2, the inclination angle of main shaft is 1 ° to 3 ° when processing, in favor of stirring area The flowing of domain material vertically, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05-1mm, stirring-head forward speed are 30-120mm/min, and main shaft turns Speed is 300-1000r/min, with stirring-head D1It is repeatedly processed along preset welding route, when mixing yoghurt, Straight line when with stirring-head along welding route linear motion where the stirring-head center of circle is processing axis, to keep material flowing uniform, Spacing between two parallel processing axis is the 50% of stirring-head shaft shoulder diameter, finally to plank B1Upper surface carry out it is complete Covering processing；Since time processing is limited to the stirring action of upper and lower plank, two kinds of materials cannot be made to stir evenly, therefore to plate Material B1Upper surface to take 2-5 surface all standing process according to welding route；So far, the A within the scope of mixing needle, Two kinds of materials of B are completely mixed together, and form one layer of fine and close new material G1The second layer material of function-graded material is constituted, New material G1Volume fraction shared by middle B is C2, due on the downside of mixing needle material almost without being therefore gradient work(by stirring action Can material the first layer material, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C1, therefore just preliminarily form the two layers of gradient work(of through-thickness It can material；
Step 3：It is h by thickness3Material is the plank B of B2It is stacked on the new material G that previous step has just processed1On, it is filled after lamination Folder on the table, uses mixing needle length d2Stirring-head D2, it is s effectively to stir depth2, meet condition h3＜ s3＜ s1+ h3, using mixing yoghurt mode to plank B2Upper surface carries out 2-5 all standing process, and two parallel processing Spacing between axis is the 50% of stirring-head shaft shoulder diameter, prepares the function-graded material of the volume fraction biggers of B containing material Third layer material G2, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C3, therefore just preliminarily form three layers of gradient function material of through-thickness Material；
Step 4：It for B thickness is h to use material4Plank B3It is stacked in new material G2On, clamping on the table, makes after lamination It is s with effective stirring depth3Stirring-head D3Agitating friction, which carries out 2-5 all standing, to be processed and prepares the of function-graded material Four layer material G3, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C4；It for B thickness is h to use material5Plank B4It is stacked in new material G3On, it folds Clamping is s using effective stirring depth on the table after layer4Stirring-head D4Agitating friction carries out 2-5 all standing processing system It is standby go out function-graded material layer 5 material G4, volume fraction shared by wherein B is C5；And so on, use material for B thickness For hnPlank Bn-1It is stacked in new material Gn-2On, clamping is s using effective stirring depth on the table after laminationn-1Stir Mix a Dn-1Agitating friction carries out the n-th layer material G that function-graded material is prepared in 2-5 all standing processingn-1, shared by wherein B Volume fraction is Cn, so far successfully prepare the function-graded material that the number of plies is n.
2. a kind of agitating friction according to claim 1 prepares large scale function-graded material method, it is characterised in that：
In step (1) when the fusing point of materials A and B difference are less than 500 DEG C, plank may be used for the material that ingredient is B Form；
The material that two fusing points are differed by more than with 500 DEG C, take ingredient be A, thickness hA1Plank on one layer of spraying it is flat Equal thickness is m1Ingredient be B powder be denoted as plank B1, it is made to meet condition hA1+m1=h2, by plank A1And have ingredient B powder The plank B at end1Lamination makes powder be located between two planks, is clamped on workbench, is waited to be processed；
Plank B in step (3)2For be A in ingredient, thickness hA2Plank on one layer of average thickness of spraying be m2Ingredient be B Powder, meet hA2+m2=h3；
Plank B in step (4)3、B4And B(n-1)Be respectively A, thickness in ingredient it is respectively hA3、hA4、hA(n-1)Plank on It is respectively m to spray one layer of average thickness3、m4、m(n-1)Ingredient be B powder formed, meet hA3+m3=h4、hA4+m4=h5、 hA(n-1)+m(n-1)=hn。
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CN109570933A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-05 西安建筑科技大学 A kind of Friction Stir Welding prepares the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) and the functionally gradient material (FGM) of preparation
CN110977360A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-10 江西理工大学 Linear motor induction plate machining method based on friction stir welding
CN111331243A (en) * 2020-01-06 2020-06-26 上海交通大学 High-flux block material preparation method based on stirring friction technology
CN112143921A (en) * 2020-09-23 2020-12-29 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 Preparation method for preparing aluminum matrix composite brake disc
WO2021128216A1 (en) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-01 赣州德业电子科技有限公司 Method for machining linear motor reaction plate on basis of friction stir welding
CN114507770A (en) * 2022-01-14 2022-05-17 西安建筑科技大学 Twinning induced plasticity steel with gradient distribution of stacking fault energy and preparation method thereof
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CN107486621A (en) * 2017-08-17 2017-12-19 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 A kind of method for improving big thickness aluminium alloy stir friction welding seam thickness direction thermograde
CN107584203A (en) * 2017-10-27 2018-01-16 合肥工业大学 The method that gradient aluminium silicon electronic package material is prepared by agitating friction built-up welding

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JP2016153134A (en) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 スズキ株式会社 Production method of lamination structure joint body having three or more layers using friction agitation joint tool, and lamination structure joint body produced by the same
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CN109570933A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-04-05 西安建筑科技大学 A kind of Friction Stir Welding prepares the method for functionally gradient material (FGM) and the functionally gradient material (FGM) of preparation
CN110977360A (en) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-10 江西理工大学 Linear motor induction plate machining method based on friction stir welding
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CN111331243A (en) * 2020-01-06 2020-06-26 上海交通大学 High-flux block material preparation method based on stirring friction technology
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CN112143921B (en) * 2020-09-23 2022-03-11 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 Preparation method for preparing aluminum matrix composite brake disc
CN114507770A (en) * 2022-01-14 2022-05-17 西安建筑科技大学 Twinning induced plasticity steel with gradient distribution of stacking fault energy and preparation method thereof
CN114507770B (en) * 2022-01-14 2023-12-12 西安建筑科技大学 Twinning induced plasticity steel with stacking fault energy gradient distribution and preparation method thereof
CN114571058A (en) * 2022-03-22 2022-06-03 中国科学院金属研究所 Solid additive manufacturing method of large-size block ultra-fine grain metal material

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