CN108291170A - 用于改善润滑油的空气释放的方法 - Google Patents

用于改善润滑油的空气释放的方法 Download PDF

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CN108291170A
CN108291170A CN201680068013.XA CN201680068013A CN108291170A CN 108291170 A CN108291170 A CN 108291170A CN 201680068013 A CN201680068013 A CN 201680068013A CN 108291170 A CN108291170 A CN 108291170A
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S·古拉帕利
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于改善如通过ASTM D3427所测量的润滑油的空气释放的方法。所述方法包含将添加剂混入所述润滑油中的步骤。

Description

用于改善润滑油的空气释放的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于改善润滑油的空气释放的方法。
背景技术
润滑油用于保护和润滑接触表面，也可用于传输动力。众所周知，空气夹带会降低润滑油的功效。空气夹带是一种现象，其中气泡(通常具有小于1mm的直径)分散在整个润滑油中。夹带的空气可以与自由空气(被困在系统的一部分中的一包空气)、溶解空气(润滑油可能含有在6体积％与12体积％之间的溶解空气)和泡沫(通常直径大于1mm的聚集在油表面上的气泡)区分开来。空气夹带会产生许多不利后果，包括损失润滑性、润滑油可能氧化、操作噪音大、效率降低以及油温升高。
通常使用ASTM D3427空气释放测试来测量润滑油的空气夹带特性。所述测试测量在测试条件下和在指定温度下，油中夹带的空气体积减少到0.2％所需的时间。
本发明人试图改善润滑油的空气夹带特性。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供了一种用于改善如通过ASTM D3427所测量的润滑油的空气释放的方法，所述方法包含使用高剪切混合器将添加剂混入所述润滑油中；其中所述添加剂是丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物。
此类丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物先前已用作抗泡沫添加剂。空气释放时间通常被认为随着添加剂，尤其是抗泡沫剂如硅油的加入而变差。这由Duncanson解释于“润滑油中的泡沫特性(Properties on Foam in Lubricating Oils)”，第9-13页，2003年5月《润滑工程(Lubrication Engineering)》，摩擦学者和润滑工程师协会(the Society ofTribologists and Lubrication Engineers)的期刊中。
令人惊讶的是，用高剪切混合器将丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物并入润滑油中会影响润滑油的空气释放特性。通过本发明，技术人员可以使用丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物来改善润滑油的空气释放。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了用于改善如通过ASTM D3427所测量的润滑油的空气释放的方法。在测试中，使压缩空气吹过已加热到50℃温度的润滑油。在空气流动停止之后，将夹带在油中的空气体积减少到0.2％所需的时间记录为空气释放时间。所期望的空气释放值通常小于3分钟，优选小于60秒，且最优选小于20秒。
与使用其中添加剂未使用高剪切混合器与润滑油混合的润滑油实现的空气释放相比，空气释放得到改善。本发明人发现在实施本发明的方法时有效地减少了空气释放时间。
润滑油包含基础油组分，其可以是几种基础油的掺合物。基础油组分中的基础油可以是选自美国石油学会(American Petroleum Institute，API)基础油类别的第I组、第II组、第III组、第IV组或第V组的任何常规基础油。优选地，基础油组分包含GTL基础油，并且以基础油组分的重量计，基础油组分更优选包含至少75重量％的GTL基础油。GTL基础油通过将天然气转化为液体燃料的费托法(Fischer-Tropsch method)合成。与从原油中精炼的矿物油基础油相比，它们的硫含量和芳香族含量都非常低，并具有非常高的石蜡构成比。
润滑油宜包含添加剂。以润滑油的重量计，添加剂的量优选小于10重量％，更优选小于5重量％，最优选小于2.5重量％。添加剂可以包括抗氧化剂、抗磨添加剂、破乳剂、乳化剂、防锈剂和腐蚀抑制剂、VI改善剂和/或摩擦改善剂。
优选地，润滑油在40℃下的运动粘度在5cSt到220cSt范围内，更优选在10cSt到200cSt范围内，最优选在20cSt到100cSt范围内。运动粘度宜使用ASTM D445(ASTM D7042)测量。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，润滑油被配制成用于使用液压流体。液压流体用于许多不同类型的液压机械，不仅用于润滑机械，还用于传输压力。空气夹带可能是液压系统中的一个特殊问题，导致液压系统的软绵感(spongy)或不稳定操作。
在本发明的方法中，将丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物添加剂混入润滑油中。合适的丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物公开于例如US3166508中。聚合物的分子量宜小于10,000，优选小于7,500，更优选小于5,000。在一个实施例中，丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物可以是烷基中具有至少3个但少于7个碳原子的丙烯酸烷基酯的均聚物。在另一个实施例中，丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物可以是至少两种不同的丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，其中烷基具有1到18个碳原子并且其中共聚物分子的烷基中的平均碳原子数以摩尔计是至少3但小于7。
适宜地，以润滑油的重量计，至少0.0005重量％、优选至少0.001重量％的丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物混入润滑油中。适宜地，以润滑油的重量计，小于0.1重量％、优选小于0.01重量％的丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物混入润滑油中。丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物的优选量将在使用足够量来实现所期望的空气释放特性改善与避免由使用过多丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物带来的不必要花费之间达到平衡。
使用高剪切混合器将丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物添加剂混入润滑油中。术语“高剪切混合器”是本领域技术人员所熟知的。旋转的叶轮或高速转子在混合的液体中产生流动和剪切。在一些实施例中，转子将在称为定子的静止部件内转动。优选地，添加剂以至少400rpm的速率混入润滑油中。所述速率优选是至少600rpm，且更优选至少800rpm。优选地，混合持续至少10分钟，更优选至少30分钟，且最优选至少60分钟。
以下借助于实例进一步详细解释本发明，但本发明决不受这些实例的限制。
实例
使用三种基础油的组合制备七种不同的基础油掺合物：
1)Chevron 220R(可获自雪佛龙(Chevron)的第II组矿物油)
2)XHVI 8(可获自壳牌(Shell)的费托衍生油)
3)Spectrasyn 8(可获自埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)的聚α烯烃流体)
表1给出了每种掺合物中存在的每种基础油的量(以重量％为单位，以掺合物的总重量计)。表1中的掺合物均是ISO 46。
表1
Chevron 220R XHVI 8 Spectrasyn 8
掺合物1 15 80 5
掺合物2 25 70 5
掺合物3 15 75 10
掺合物4 20.0 72.5 7.5
掺合物5 20 80 0
掺合物6 25 75 0
掺合物7 0 100 0
将含有极压/抗磨添加剂、摩擦改性剂、无灰防锈剂、乳化剂和抗氧化剂的添加剂包添加到基础油掺合物中，以提供完全配制的润滑油。添加剂包在每种情况下都是相同的。然后，在40℃下，抑或使用顶置式Caframo高剪切混合器以1200rpm的搅拌速率搅拌一小时，抑或使用磁力搅拌器以300rpm的搅拌速率搅拌1小时，将125ppmPC 3144添加剂(可获自湛新(Allnex))(其是40％改性丙烯酸类聚合物在烃溶剂中的溶液)添加到配制品中。
使用ASTM D3427方法测试基础油掺合物、完全配制的油和完全配制的油加PC3144的空气释放时间。结果在表2中给出：
表2
结果表明，基础油掺合物的空气释放变化。添加添加剂包可进一步增加空气释放时间。使用高剪切混合器添加PC 3144添加剂可以显著减少空气释放时间(除非空气释放时间已经非常低，如掺合物3和掺合物7的情况)。使用磁力搅拌器添加PC 3144添加剂似乎没有相同的效果。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于改善如通过ASTM D3427所测量的润滑油的空气释放的方法，所述方法包含使用高剪切混合器将添加剂混入所述润滑油中；其中所述添加剂是丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述润滑油包含基础油组分，且以所述基础油组分的重量计，所述基础油组分包含至少75重量％的GTL基础油。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述润滑油在40 C下的运动粘度在5cSt到220cSt范围内。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述润滑油被配制成用于使用液压流体。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物的分子量小于10,000。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物是在烷基中具有至少3个但少于7个碳原子的丙烯酸烷基酯的均聚物，或者所述丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物是至少两种不同的丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物，其中烷基具有1到18个碳原子，并且其中所述共聚物分子的烷基中的平均碳原子数以摩尔计是至少3但小于7。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中以所述润滑油的重量计，将至少0.0005重量％且小于0.1重量％的丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物混入所述润滑油中。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述添加剂以至少400rpm的速率混入所述润滑油中。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中所述添加剂以至少800rpm的速率混入所述润滑油中。
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