CN108282122B - High-dynamic-response flux-weakening speed-increasing method for permanent magnet synchronous motor - Google Patents
High-dynamic-response flux-weakening speed-increasing method for permanent magnet synchronous motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108282122B CN108282122B CN201810151013.7A CN201810151013A CN108282122B CN 108282122 B CN108282122 B CN 108282122B CN 201810151013 A CN201810151013 A CN 201810151013A CN 108282122 B CN108282122 B CN 108282122B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0085—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
- H02P2207/05—Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-dynamic-response flux-weakening speed-increasing method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which comprises the following steps: the flux weakening function module continuously reduces omega*And ω andωthcomparing, when the comparison result meets the condition, enabling the signal ENABLE to be 1, and simultaneously enabling the d-shaft rotating speed regulator to complete the function according to omega*Error from ω gives d-axis current giveWhen the condition is not met, the enabling signal is not started, and the d-axis current is givenThe method is vector control with the traditional d-axis current being zero; d-axis and q-axis current give Current regulators respectively provided for d-axis and q-axis, the regulators providing d-axis voltage u after calculationd1And q-axis voltage uq1Subsequently by means of a composite voltage limiting module, u, which preserves the d-axis voltaged1And uq1Is processed into udAnd uq. The invention can realize high dynamic flux weakening speed expansion control with performance similar to that of the traditional vector control speed ring, has no oscillation in the control process and can realize seamless switching with the traditional vector control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor drive control, and relates to a high-dynamic-response flux-weakening speed-expanding control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Background
The magnetic field acting with the armature in the permanent magnet synchronous motor is generated by the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the characteristic of non-adjustability. Therefore, the permanent magnet synchronous motor cannot realize speed expansion operation by directly adjusting the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet, and needs a weak magnetic control algorithm to realize the speed expansion operation.
In the traditional flux weakening control method, the distribution of the d-axis and q-axis current given values depends on the precise model equation of the motor to a great extent, such as a maximum torque-current ratio curve, a voltage and current limit equation and the like, and the flux weakening degree is adjusted on the basis of a voltage threshold. In the dynamic process, the method is not only limited by inaccurate model parameters, but also the voltage and current limit equations based on the steady-state performance are not completely suitable for the transient working condition, so that the high-dynamic-response flux weakening control is difficult to realize.
In practical application, high dynamic speed expanding performance is required in many occasions, for example, when an underwater vehicle propelled by a propeller is in emergency danger avoidance, a propelling motor is required to drive the propeller to expand the speed to run to reach the maximum possible speed so as to accelerate or brake. The traditional vector control method adopts a control strategy that d-axis current is zero, and only can reach rated speed without speed expansion capability. The traditional flux weakening control is mostly aimed at the steady-state performance and does not meet the requirement on quick response.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a flux weakening and speed increasing method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with high dynamic response. Different from the traditional flux weakening control aiming at the purpose of constant-power operation at rated power, the invention aims at the high-dynamic flux weakening speed expansion of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, can quickly reach the rotating speed and power above the rated capacity, can maintain the speed expansion state for a short time or a long time according to the heat dissipation condition, and can effectively improve the emergency risk avoiding capacity of equipment such as a propeller propulsion underwater vehicle, an electric vehicle and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a flux weakening and speed increasing method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with high dynamic response comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a field weakening function module and a synthetic voltage amplitude limiting module for reserving d-axis voltage are arranged on the basis of a traditional vector control method that d-axis current of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is equal to zero;
step two, the flux weakening function module continuously sets the given rotating speed omega*And actual speed omega and given speed thresholdActual rotational speed threshold omegathA comparison is made, and when the comparison result satisfies the condition of formula (1), the ENABLE signal ENABLE is 1, while the d-axis rotational speed regulator is enabled, which performs the function according to ω*Error from ω gives d-axis current giveWhen the condition of the formula (1) is not met, the enabling signal is not started, and the d-axis current is givenThe method is vector control with the traditional d-axis current being zero;
step three: d-axis and q-axis current giveCurrent regulators respectively provided for d-axis and q-axis, the regulators providing d-axis voltage u after calculationd1And q-axis voltage uq1Subsequently by means of a composite voltage limiting module, u, which preserves the d-axis voltaged1And uq1Is processed into u according to formula (2)dAnd uq:
In the formula umaxThe maximum output voltage of the inverter is expressed by a per unit valuemaxIs 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the given rotating speed and the actual rotating speed are used as weak magnetic starting enabling conditions, the method is simple in structure, and parameters and equations of an accurate motor model are not involved.
(2) The speed expansion dynamic response is fast, and the dynamic performance of speed control during speed expansion is similar to that of the traditional vector control.
(3) Higher overload power can be output during speed expansion, and the emergency risk avoiding and emergency braking performances of the underwater vehicle or the electric vehicle and the like can be improved.
(4) The flux-weakening control part can be seamlessly switched with the traditional vector control, and is suitable for various occasions requiring high dynamic speed expansion of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the control structure of the flux-weakening speed-expanding method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a composite voltage clipping module that preserves the d-axis voltage;
FIG. 3 shows the results of conventional vector control and the speed-increasing control of the present invention for propeller speed control of example 1, (a) a conventional vector control speed response curve, (b) a method speed response curve of the present invention, (c) a conventional vector control current response curve, (d) a method current response curve of the present invention, (e) a conventional vector control voltage response curve, and (f) a method voltage response curve of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the results of the conventional vector control and the speed-expanding control of the present invention for the constant load speed control of example 2, (a) the conventional vector control speed response curve, (b) the inventive method speed response curve, (c) the conventional vector control current response curve, (d) the inventive method current response curve, (e) the conventional vector control voltage response curve, and (f) the inventive method voltage response curve;
fig. 5 shows the control results of the compatibility between the field weakening control of the present invention and the conventional vector control in embodiment 3, (a) the response curve of the rotational speed of the method of the present invention, (b) the response curve of the current of the method of the present invention, and (c) the response curve of the voltage of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a high-dynamic-response permanent magnet synchronous motor flux weakening and speed increasing method, which is characterized in that a flux weakening function module and a synthetic voltage amplitude limiting module for reserving d-axis voltage are arranged on the basis of a traditional vector control method that d-axis current of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is equal to zero, wherein: the weak magnetic function module is responsible for starting the weak magnetic function and giving d-axis currentAdjusting the size of the magnetic flux so as to realize seamless switching with the traditional vector control and the control of the flux weakening speed expansion; the function of the combined voltage limiting module for keeping the d-axis voltage is to control the given d-axis voltage udAnd q-axis voltage uqIs greater than the maximum output voltage u of the invertermaxI.e. byWhile limiting the resultant output voltage to umaxAnd keeping d-axis voltage, the principle of limitation is to ensure udThe size is not changed, and u is reducedqIn order to eliminate control dead zones and control anomalies. The combined voltage amplitude limiting module for reserving the d-axis voltage and the weak magnetic function module jointly act to eliminate control dead zones, oscillation near weak magnetic points and control abnormity in transient and steady processes. As shown in fig. 1, the specific method is as follows:
and step one, enabling weak magnetic control. When the flux weakening function is not enabled, the motor is idThe field weakening function module continuously gives a given rotating speed omega under the condition of 0 traditional vector control*And actual speed omega and given speed thresholdActual rotational speed threshold omegathComparing, when the comparison result satisfies the condition of formula (1), enabling the signal ENABLE to be 1, and simultaneously enabling the d-axis rotation speed regulator to complete the function according to omega*Error from ω gives d-axis current give(the regulator can adopt but is not limited to a traditional PID controller, a variable gain PID controller, a repetitive controller, etc., and the special point is that the error is positive and the output quantity is positive in the applicationThe change direction is negative, and can be realized by simple processing such as adding a negative sign to the output quantity, or measuring a negative error quantity, or setting a negative controller parameter and the like); when the condition of the formula (1) is not met, the enabling signal is not started, and the d-axis current is givenIs a vector control with the traditional d-axis current being zero.
Step two, d-axis and q-axis current settingCurrent regulators respectively provided for d-axis and q-axis, the regulators providing d-axis voltage u after calculationd1And q-axis voltage uq1. Subsequently, u is limited by the resulting voltage limiting block, which retains the d-axis voltaged1And uq1Is processed into udAnd uqThe processing method is shown in formula (2), and the flow chart is shown in FIG. 2. In the formula umaxThe maximum output voltage of the inverter is expressed by a per unit valuemaxIs 1.
Example 1: speed expansion control effect of underwater vehicle propulsion propeller
The embodiment 1 shows the flux weakening and speed increasing effect of one permanent magnet synchronous motor driving underwater propeller load. Fig. 3 shows the control effects of the conventional vector control and the method of the present invention, wherein the conventional vector control has the rotational speed, current and voltage responses as shown in fig. 3(a), (c) and (e), respectively, and the method of the present invention has the rotational speed, current and voltage responses as shown in fig. 3(b), (d) and (f), respectively. When the rotating speed is given to be 800rpm, the rotating speed of the motor is only 670rpm when the inverter voltage u reaches the maximum under the traditional vector control, the maximum rotating speed of the method can reach the given rotating speed of 800rpm, and the response time is within 2 s. The response time of the traditional vector control rotating speed ring reaching 670rpm is about 0.7s, the flux weakening speed expansion method of the method is activated at 600rpm and reaches 715rpm at 0.7s, and the dynamic response of the rotating speed is superior to that of the traditional vector control. Although the acceleration time is influenced by the great increase of the load torque brought by the acceleration of the propeller, the response time is less than 2s when the flux weakening control method reaches 800rpm, and the dynamic performance of speed control during speed expansion is similar to that of the traditional vector control.
According to the characteristics of the propeller, the output power of the propeller is proportional to the third power of the rotating speed, under the traditional vector control method, the propeller can only output 2038W power at maximum, and the propeller can output 4142W power by using the method of the invention. For the underwater vehicle driven by the propeller in the embodiment, the method can realize high dynamic speed expansion, and the output power of more than twice of vector control is achieved within 2s, so that the high thrust of quick response is generated, and the emergency risk avoiding and emergency braking performance of the underwater vehicle is improved.
In this embodiment, the method of the present invention sets the enable threshold of the weak magnetic function module to be ω th600, given a speed ω *800 is the rotating speed of the weak magnetic region and meets the requirementWhen the actual rotating speed omega exceeds 600rpm in the actual control process (t is 0.4s), omega & gt omega is satisfiedthWhen the condition of the weak magnetic ENABLE signal ENABLE is met, the weak magnetic function ENABLE of the motor is enabled, the d-axis speed regulator is activated at the same time, and the d-axis current is given byIs converted intoGiven by the speed regulator. D-axis rotational speed regulator G in the embodimentC(s) is a conventional PI controller, which is characterized in that the error input quantity is positive and the output quantity is positive in the applicationThe change direction is negative, and the change direction can be realized by simple processing such as adding a negative sign to the output quantity, measuring a negative error quantity, or setting the parameter of the controller to be negative. As can be seen from FIGS. 3(b), (d), after 0.4s the flux weakening function is activated, idAnd the magnetic flux is reduced from 0A to-29A within 4ms, the magnetic flux rapidly enters a weak magnetic operation state, and the weak magnetic functional module can effectively work.
FIG. 3(f) shows the voltage during the control process of the method of the present invention, where the voltage value is expressed in per unit, the maximum value is 1, and the d-axis voltage u is includeddQ-axis voltage uqSynthesized voltageThe resultant voltage is 1 at maximum, indicating the maximum voltage that the inverter can output. A composite voltage exceeding 1 is not only impossible to achieve, but also affects the stability of the control. Compared with fig. 3(e), the synthetic voltage amplitude limiting module of the method of the invention can effectively ensure the d-axis voltage amount required by field weakening, and can ensure that the maximum synthetic voltage does not exceed 1, namely the output voltage is always effective.
Example 2: constant load speed expansion effect
The embodiment shows the flux weakening and speed increasing effects of the permanent magnet synchronous motor under constant load. FIG. 4 shows the control effect of the conventional vector control and the method of the present inventionAs a result, the conventional vector control speed, current and voltage responses are shown in fig. 4(a), (c) and (e), respectively, and the conventional vector control speed, current and voltage responses are shown in fig. 4(b), (d) and (f), respectively. When the rotating speed is set to be 1200rpm, the rotating speed of the motor is only 720rpm when the inverter voltage u reaches the maximum under the traditional vector control, the actual rotating speed of the method can reach the set rotating speed of 1200rpm, and the response time is within 2 s. The weak magnetic control enabling threshold value of the method is ω th600, given a speed ω *800 is the rotating speed of the weak magnetic region and meets the requirementWhen the rotating speed exceeds 600rpm (t is 0.4s) in the actual control process, the condition that omega is more than omega is satisfiedthWhen the condition of the weak magnetic ENABLE signal ENABLE is met, the weak magnetic function ENABLE of the motor is enabled, the d-axis speed regulator is activated at the same time, and the d-axis current is given byIs converted intoGiven by the speed regulator. The method of the invention can be seamlessly switched from the traditional vector control to the weak magnetic control, and the dynamic performance of the speed control during speed expansion is similar to that of the traditional vector control.
As can be seen from FIGS. 4(b) and (d), the field weakening function is activated for about 0.4s, idAnd the magnetic flux is reduced from 0A to-26A within 2ms, the magnetic flux rapidly enters a weak magnetic operation state, and the weak magnetic functional module can effectively work.
FIG. 4(f) shows the voltage during the control process of the method of the present invention, where the voltage value is expressed in per unit, the maximum value is 1, and the d-axis voltage u is includeddQ-axis voltage uqSynthesized voltageThe maximum synthesized voltage is 1, indicating that the inverter isThe maximum voltage that can be output, a combined voltage exceeding 1, is not only impossible to achieve, but also affects the stability of the control. As can be seen from fig. 4(e), the synthesized voltage amplitude limiting module of the method of the present invention can effectively ensure the d-axis voltage amount required for flux weakening, and can ensure that the maximum synthesized voltage does not exceed 1, i.e., the output voltage is always effective.
In conclusion, the method takes the given rotating speed and the feedback threshold value of the rotating speed as the conditions of the enabling of the flux weakening control, after the flux weakening function is enabled, the given d-axis current and the given q-axis current are adjusted by corresponding speed regulators, and the amplitude limit of the synthesized voltage value of the reserved d-axis voltage is used for ensuring the implementation of the flux weakening function d-axis voltage value during speed expansion. Therefore, the method of the invention can realize high dynamic flux weakening speed expansion control with performance similar to that of the traditional vector control speed ring, has no oscillation in the control process and can realize seamless switching with the traditional vector control.
Example 3: compatibility of weak magnetic control of non-weak magnetic area and traditional vector control
The method starts the weak magnetic control by the threshold comparison condition of the given rotating speed and the actual rotating speed, and when the threshold of the rotating speed is set to have a certain margin, the weak magnetic control is started in a non-weak magnetic region, so that the weak magnetic control can be compatible with the traditional vector control to avoid the oscillation and control abnormality.
This embodiment shows the compatibility of the weak magnetic control of the method of the present invention to the conventional vector control when the non-weak magnetic region operates. When the conventional vector control is adopted, the motor speed can reach 720rpm under the condition that the inverter voltage u reaches the maximum, and the speed, current and voltage responses of the motor are shown in fig. 4(a), (c) and (e).
The weak magnetic control enabling threshold value given by the embodiment isωth600, given a speed ω*630 is the rotation speed of the weak magnetic region and satisfiesWhen the rotating speed exceeds 600rpm in the actual control process, the condition that omega is more than omega is metthWhen the condition of the weak magnetic ENABLE signal ENABLE is met, the weak magnetic function ENABLE of the motor is enabled (t is approximately equal to 0.6s), the d-shaft speed regulator is activated, and the d-shaft current is given byIs converted intoThe rotational speed, current, and voltage responses given by the rotational speed regulator are shown in fig. 5(a), (b), and (c). As can be seen from FIGS. 5(a), (b), and (c), although the flux-weakening control is always activated after the time of 0.6s, the d-axis current drops at the time of 0.6s, and returns to 0 again at the time of 0.8s after being adjusted for a short time, so as to reach the same level as the conventional idThe same control effect is obtained when the value is 0. In the rotating speed response, except for the overshoot of 0.4%, the method is basically the same as the traditional vector control dynamic response when the flux weakening function is activated, which shows that the flux weakening control method of the invention can automatically adjust according to the situation in the activated state, can automatically achieve the same effect as the traditional vector control in the non-flux weakening area, and has good compatibility with the traditional vector control.
Claims (2)
1. A flux weakening and speed increasing method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with high dynamic response is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a field weakening function module and a synthetic voltage amplitude limiting module for reserving d-axis voltage are arranged on the basis of a traditional vector control method that d-axis current of a permanent magnet synchronous motor is equal to zero;
step two, the flux weakening function module continuously sets the given rotating speed omega*And actual speed omega and given speed thresholdActual rotational speed threshold omegathComparing, when the comparison result satisfies the condition of formula (1), enabling the signal ENABLE to be 1, and simultaneously enabling the d-axis rotation speed regulator which completes the function according to omega*Error from ω gives d-axis current giveSimultaneous q-axis current settingBy q-axis speed regulator according to ω*Error from ω is given; when the conditions of the formula (1) are not satisfied simultaneously, the enabling signal is not started, and the d-axis current is givenq-axis current settingBy q-axis speed regulator according to ω*The error with omega is given, and the vector control is performed when the traditional d-axis current is zero;
step three: d-axis and q-axis current giveD-axis voltage u is calculated by current regulators to d-axis and q-axis respectivelyd1And q-axis voltage uq1Subsequently by means of a composite voltage limiting module, u, which preserves the d-axis voltaged1And uq1Is processed into u according to formula (2)dAnd uq:
In the formula umaxThe maximum output voltage of the inverter is expressed by a per unit valuemaxIs 1.
2. The flux weakening and speed extension method of a high dynamic response permanent magnet synchronous motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said d-axis rotation speed regulator is a conventional PID controller, a variable gain PID controller or a repetitive controller.
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CN109474220A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-15 | 四川虹美智能科技有限公司 | A kind of motor control method and MCU |
CN109586640A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-05 | 四川虹美智能科技有限公司 | A kind of motor control method and MCU |
CN110149080B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2021-03-30 | 上海新时达电气股份有限公司 | Flux weakening control method and device for permanent magnet synchronous motor |
CN111555686B (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2022-05-20 | 威睿电动汽车技术(宁波)有限公司 | Dynamic flux weakening control method and device applied to permanent magnet synchronous motor |
CN113783496B (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2024-04-02 | 中山亿泰克电动车有限公司 | Algorithm for automatically increasing power of electric golf cart |
CN113992099B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-03-22 | 北京国家新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 | FOC-based permanent magnet synchronous motor flux weakening control method, system, computer and storage medium |
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