CN108274829A - 一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108274829A
CN108274829A CN201711223617.XA CN201711223617A CN108274829A CN 108274829 A CN108274829 A CN 108274829A CN 201711223617 A CN201711223617 A CN 201711223617A CN 108274829 A CN108274829 A CN 108274829A
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layer
panel
shelter
wave
wallboard
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刘学超
董庆文
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ZHEJIANG SAINTYEAR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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ZHEJIANG SAINTYEAR ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法，方舱壁板包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层和设置在吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层；吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板的面板层中表面金属化纤维织物和吸波材料层的设置，使其具有雷达隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板，使其质量轻。屏蔽方舱壁板在20MHz～1.5GHz屏蔽性能大于60dB；在8GHz～18GHz、26.5GHz～40GHz、90～110GHz平均吸收性能均超过10dB。

Description

一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及方舱壁板技术领域，尤其涉及一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法。
背景技术
方舱以其较好的防护性能，密闭性能、运输灵活性广泛应用于武器系统、指挥中心、电子对抗、野战勤务以及医疗保障体系，而电磁屏蔽又为方舱顺利完成任务提供了保障。
传统的电磁屏蔽方舱壁板一般由铝合金板作为内外面板和低密度聚氨酯硬质泡沫板复合而成，采用该结构制成的方舱雷达反射截面积大，目标特性明显，容易被雷达探测。因此，需要提供一种雷达反射截面积小、隐身效果良好，轻量化的雷达隐身方舱。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法，该方舱壁板具有雷达隐身功能和较高的屏蔽功能。
本发明提供了一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板，包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层和设置在所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；
所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。
优选地，所述吸波材料层由吸波涂料涂覆制得；
所述吸波涂料包括碳纳米管、石墨、炭黑、金属粉体、石墨烯、铁氧体、金属氧化物磁性粉末和碳化硅复合纤维中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层的表面涂覆的吸波材料层的厚度为2～50微米；
每层所述表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物的表面的吸波材料层的厚度为5～30微米。
优选地，所述表面金属化纤维织物的基材选自碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布和芳纶纤维布中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属选自铜、镍、银、铁、铁镍合金、锡镍合金、镍钴合金和金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述表面金属化纤维织物的组织结构为平纹或斜纹。
本发明提供了一种上述技术方案所述具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将吸波蜂窝夹芯层、第一面板层和第二面板层粘接，得到具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；
所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。
优选地，所述表面涂覆有吸波材料层的吸波蜂窝夹芯层按照以下方法制得：
将表面涂覆有吸波材料的纤维原料纸经涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化，得到表面涂覆有吸波材料层的吸波蜂窝夹芯层；
或所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层按照以下方法制得：
将聚氨酯硬质泡沫板浸渍在吸波胶液后再进行固化，得到吸波蜂窝夹芯层。
优选地，所述第一面板按照以下方法制得：
将金属化纤维织物表面涂覆吸波材料，然后浸渍在树脂中，固化成型，得到第一面板。
优选地，所述固化成型的方式选自手糊成型、真空袋压成型、压力袋成型、模压成型或层压成型。
本发明提供了一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板，包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层和设置在所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层；所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板的面板层中的表面金属化纤维织物和吸波材料层的设置，使其具有雷达隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。与现有技术相比，本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板，使其质量轻。实验结果表明：屏蔽方舱壁板在20MHz～1.5GHz屏蔽性能大于60dB；在8GHz-18GHz、26.5GHz～40GHz、90～110GHz平均吸收性能均超过10dB。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板，包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层和设置在所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；
所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。
该方舱壁板的面板层中的表面金属化纤维织物和吸波材料层的设置，使其具有雷达隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。
本发明提供的屏蔽方舱壁板包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层；所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层。在本发明中，所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层的厚度优选为30～50mm。所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架；所述吸波蜂窝芯材层的蜂窝型支撑骨架的基材优选为纤维原料纸和聚氨酯泡沫板。所述纤维原料纸选自碳纤维纸、芳纶纤维纸或玻璃纤维纸。覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层的厚度优选为2～50微米。所述覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层由吸波涂料涂覆或浸渍制得。
所述吸波涂料包括碳纳米管、石墨、炭黑、石墨烯、铁氧体、金属粉体、金属氧化物磁性粉末和碳化硅复合纤维中的一种或多种。上述碳纳米管、石墨、炭黑、石墨烯、铁氧体、金属氧化物磁性粉末和碳化硅复合纤维中的一种或多种作为吸波剂。
所述吸波涂料优选还包括树脂；所述树脂优选选自水性聚氨酯和/或水性丙烯酸。上述种类的吸波剂和树脂的质量比优选为20～50:50～80，更优选为40～50：50～60。
本发明提供的屏蔽方舱壁板包括设置在所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层。所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。
所述金属化纤维织物的基材优选选自碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布和芳纶纤维布中的一种或多种；所述表面金属化纤维织物的组织结构为平纹或斜纹。所述第一面板层中优选还包括树脂，所述树脂优选选自环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚氨酯树脂、乙烯基树脂和聚四氟乙烯树脂中的一种或多种，更优选选自水性聚氨酯树脂。所述第一面板层和第二面板层均由表面金属化纤维织物通过树脂复合压制而成。
所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属优选选自铜、镍、银、铁、铁镍合金、锡镍合金、镍钴合金和金属氧化物中的一种或多种。所述金属氧化物优选为四氧化三铁。在本发明的具体实施例中，所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属为铜、镍和、银和锡镍合金中的一种或多种。
所述多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物的对电磁波的多次反射损耗，提高方舱壁板的屏蔽性能。
所述第一面板和第二面板上的吸波材料层由吸波材料涂覆制得；所述吸波材料优选选自碳纳米管、石墨、炭黑、金属粉体、石墨烯、铁氧体、金属氧化物磁性粉末和碳化硅复合纤维中的一种或多种；更优选选自铁硅铝合金粉、铁、镍、碳纳米管、羰基铁粉和炭黑中的一种或多种。
每层所述表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物的表面的吸波材料层的厚度为5～30微米。
第一面板层的厚度优选为0.5～3mm，更优选为0.8～2.5mm。在本发明的具体实施例中，所述第一面板层的厚度为1mm、1.2mm或2.0mm。
第二面板层的厚度优选为0.5～3mm，更优选为0.8～2.5mm。在本发明的具体实施例中，所述第二面板层的厚度为1mm、1.2mm或2.0mm。
本发明提供了一种上述技术方案所述具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将吸波蜂窝夹芯层、第一面板层和第二面板层粘接，得到具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；
所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。
在本发明中，所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层优选按照以下方法制得：
将表面涂覆有吸波层的纤维原料纸经涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化，得到吸波蜂窝夹芯层；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层。
在本发明中，所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层也可以按照以下方法制得：
将聚氨酯硬质泡沫板浸渍在吸波胶液后再进行固化，得到吸波蜂窝夹芯层；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层。
本发明优选将纤维原料纸采用刮涂或喷涂工艺双面涂覆吸波材料，得到表面涂覆有吸波层的纤维原料纸。本发明将表面涂覆有吸波材料层的纤维原料纸表面涂布具有一定间隔的条状胶黏剂、多层叠合加压粘接(相邻粘接位置交错)、固化后切条、拉伸成蜂窝状后再浸胶固化制备成具有吸波功能的蜂窝芯材。
涂胶压制：在金属化纤维原料纸表面等间距涂布树脂条胶，然后将多层涂胶后的纤维布错层叠合，热压固化，热压固化的温度优选为100～200℃，热压固化的压力优选为0.1～1MPa；
拉伸定型：将上述蜂窝叠板进行拉伸，当蜂窝孔达到工艺要求尺寸后，将拉伸后的蜂窝固定于工装上并放入烘箱中定型。所述拉伸定型的温度优选为100～300℃，拉伸定型的时间优选为10～60min；
浸胶固化：所述表面涂覆有吸波层的纤维原料纸经拉伸后浸胶固化的温度优选为150～200℃，更优选为150～170℃；时间优选为10～70min，更优选为20～60min。在本发明具体实施例中，所述表面涂覆有吸波材料层的纤维原料纸经拉伸后浸胶固化的温度为160℃，时间为60min；或所述表面涂覆有吸波材料层的纤维原料纸经拉伸后浸胶固化的温度为150℃，时间为40min；所述表面涂覆有吸波层的纤维原料纸经拉伸后浸胶固化的温度为170℃，时间为20min。
在本发明中，所述第一面板优选按照以下方法制得：
将金属化纤维织物表面涂覆吸波材料，然后浸渍在树脂中，固化成型，得到第一面板。
在本发明中，所述固化成型的方式优选选自手糊成型、真空袋压成型、压力袋成型、模压成型或层压成型。
在本发明中，所述表面金属化纤维织物可以采用金属化纤维长丝编织制得；也可以采用纤维织物金属化工艺制备而成。
表面金属化纤维织物表面金属化的方法选自化学镀、电镀或真空镀。
表面金属化纤维织物表面金属层的厚度优选为1～5μm。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述表面金属化纤维织物具体为：采用化学镀工艺在碳纤维长丝表面分别镀金属铜、镍；在本发明的一个实施例中，所述表面金属化纤维织物具体为：采用涂布工艺在斜纹芳纶布表面涂覆导电银浆；在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述表面金属化纤维织物具体为：采用真空蒸镀工艺在斜纹碳纤维布与玻璃纤维布表面沉积金属铜后再化学镀锡镍合金。
在本发明中，所述固化成型的温度优选为120℃～200℃；固化成型的时间优选为30～90min。在本发明的具体实施例中，所述固化成型的温度为120℃、130℃或160℃；时间为90min或30min。
在本发明中，所述表面涂覆有吸波材料层的第二面板与上述技术方案在本发明中，所述表面涂覆有吸波材料层的第一面板的制备工艺一致，在此不再赘述。
本发明提供了一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板，包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层和设置在所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层；所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板的面板层中的表面金属化纤维织物和吸波材料层的设置，使其具有雷达隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。与现有技术相比，本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板，使其质量轻。实验结果表明：屏蔽方舱壁板在20MHz～1.5GHz屏蔽性能大于60dB；在8GHz～18GHz、26.5GHz～40GHz、90～110GHz平均吸收性能均超过10dB。
为了进一步说明本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板及其制备方法进行详细地描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
(1)采用化学镀工艺在碳纤维长丝表面镀金属铜、镍，所镀铜层厚度为2μm，镍层厚度为0.5μm；
(2)将每束含有1000根碳纤维长丝双向交互编织成平纹双向1K碳纤维织物；
(3)在上述碳纤维织物表面涂覆吸波涂料，涂层厚度为5μm；其中吸波涂料是由铁、镍、炭黑粉体为吸波剂和水性聚氨酯树脂组成，吸波剂与树脂的质量比为45:55；
(4)将步骤(3)碳纤维织物与环氧树脂浸渍制备碳纤维预浸料，然后在平板模具上采用手糊工艺铺贴碳纤维预浸布，在温度均为130℃，时间均为90min下固化成型后脱模得到所需的第一面板和第二面板，第一面板和第二面板的厚度均为1mm；
(5)在芳纶纸表面采用刮涂的工艺涂覆吸波材料，吸波涂层厚度为10μm；
(6)将上述涂有吸波涂料的芳纶纸涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化；热压的温度为100～200℃，热压的压力为0.1～1MPa；拉伸的温度为100～300℃，拉伸的时间为10～60min；浸胶固化的温度为160℃，浸胶固化的时间为60min；芳纶纸表面的吸波材料层的厚度为10微米；
(7)将制备的吸波蜂窝芯材和面板通过粘接形成夹层结构，加热加压使之固化成一体，得到具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板。
本发明对实施例1制备的屏蔽方舱壁板的雷达隐身功能和屏蔽功能进行测试，测试结果为：屏蔽方舱壁板在20MHz～1.5GHz屏蔽性能大于65dB；在8GHz～18GHz、26.5GHz～40GHz、90～110GHz平均吸收性能均超过10dB。
实施例2
(1)采用涂布工艺在芳纶斜纹布表面分别涂覆导电银浆和吸波材料制备导电涂层和吸波涂层；其中导电银浆为市购产品，银含量为60％，涂层厚度为5微米，吸波材料是由铁硅铝合金粉为吸波剂与水性丙烯酸制备而成；吸波层的厚度为8微米；
(2)将步骤(1)芳纶布与聚四氟乙烯树脂浸渍，形成预浸料后采用层压成型工艺得到所需的第一面板和第二面板，固化温度均为120℃，时间均为30min，第一面板和第二面板的厚度均为1.2mm；
(3)将聚氨酯硬质泡沫板浸渍在吸波胶液(吸波胶液包括的组分：铁氧体、铁硅铝合金粉、炭黑粉体为吸波剂和水性丙烯酸树脂组成，吸波剂与树脂的质量比为40:60)2h后取出，将浸渍有吸波胶液的泡沫板放入烘箱中进行固化制备吸波芯材，其中固化温度为150℃，固化时间为40min；
(4)将聚氨酯硬质泡沫板芯材和第一面板、第二面板粘接成夹层结构，加热加压使之固化成一体，得到具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板。
本发明对实施例2制备的屏蔽方舱壁板的雷达隐身功能和屏蔽功能进行测试，测试结果为：屏蔽方舱壁板在20MHz～1.5GHz屏蔽性能大于60dB；在8GHz～18GHz、26.5GHz～40GHz、90～110GHz平均吸收性能均超过10dB。
实施例3
(1)采用真空蒸镀工艺在斜纹碳纤维布与玻璃纤维布表面沉积金属铜后再化学镀锡镍合金，其中金属铜厚度为100nm，锡镍合金厚度为1μm；
(2)在步骤(1)碳纤维布和玻璃纤维布表面涂覆吸波材料，吸波涂层厚度为12μm，所述吸波材料是由炭黑、碳纳米管、羰基铁粉为吸波剂与水性聚氨酯树脂制备而成；
(3)将步骤(2)碳纤维布和玻璃纤维布与聚酰亚胺树脂浸渍，形成预浸料后在平板模具上交替铺贴一层碳纤维布预浸料和玻璃纤维布预浸料，真空袋压固化成型后脱模得到所需的第一面板和第二面板，固化温度均为160℃，固化时间均为90min，第一面板和第二面板的厚度均为2mm；
(4)将玻纤纸双面采用喷涂工艺双面喷涂吸波材料；
(5)将涂有吸波材料的玻纤纸涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化制备蜂窝芯材；热压的温度为100～200℃，热压的压力为0.1～1MPa；拉伸的温度为100～300℃，拉伸的时间为10～60min；浸胶固化的温度为170℃，浸胶固化的时间为20min；玻纤纸表面的吸波材料层的厚度为8微米；
(6)将蜂窝芯材和第一面板、第二面板粘接成夹层结构，加热加压使之固化成一体，得到具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板。
本发明对实施例3制备的屏蔽方舱壁板的雷达隐身功能和屏蔽功能进行测试，测试结果为：屏蔽方舱壁板在20MHz～1.5GHz屏蔽性能大于60dB；在8GHz～18GHz、26.5GHz～40GHz、90～110GHz平均吸收性能均超过10dB。
由以上实施例可知，本发明提供了一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板，包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层和设置在所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层；所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。该方舱壁板的面板层中的表面金属化纤维织物和吸波材料层的设置，使其具有雷达隐身功能和较高的屏蔽性能。与现有技术相比，本发明采用表面金属化纤维织物制备的面板层替代金属面板，使其质量轻。实验结果表明：屏蔽方舱壁板的屏蔽性能结果:在20MHz～1.5GHz屏蔽性能大于60dB；雷达隐身功能结果:在8GHz～18GHz、26.5GHz～40GHz、90～110GHz平均吸收性能均超过15dB。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板，包括吸波蜂窝夹芯层和设置在所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层上下两侧的第一面板层和第二面板层；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；
所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板，其特征在于，所述吸波材料层由吸波涂料涂覆制得；
所述吸波涂料包括碳纳米管、石墨、炭黑、金属粉体、石墨烯、铁氧体、金属氧化物磁性粉末和碳化硅复合纤维中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板，其特征在于，所述覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层的厚度为2～50微米；
每层所述表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物的表面的吸波材料层的厚度为5～30微米。
4.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板，其特征在于，所述表面金属化纤维织物的基材选自碳纤维布、玻璃纤维布和芳纶纤维布中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方舱壁板，其特征在于，所述表面金属化纤维织物中的金属选自铜、镍、银、铁、铁镍合金、锡镍合金、镍钴合金和金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的屏蔽方舱壁板，其特征在于，所述表面金属化纤维织物的组织结构为平纹或斜纹。
7.一种权利要求1～6任意一项所述具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将吸波蜂窝夹芯层、第一面板层和第二面板层粘接，得到具有雷达隐身功能的轻量化的屏蔽方舱壁板；
所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层包括蜂窝型支撑骨架和覆盖在所述骨架表面的吸波层；
所述第一面板层和第二面板层均包括多层表面涂覆有吸波材料的金属化纤维织物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层按照以下方法制得：
将表面涂覆有吸波材料的纤维原料纸经涂胶、叠合、热压、拉伸、浸胶固化，得到吸波蜂窝夹芯层；
或所述吸波蜂窝夹芯层按照以下方法制得：
将聚氨酯硬质泡沫板浸渍在吸波胶液后再进行固化，得到吸波蜂窝夹芯层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述第一面板按照以下方法制得：
将金属化纤维织物表面涂覆吸波材料，然后浸渍在树脂中，固化成型，得到第一面板。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述固化成型的方式选自手糊成型、真空袋压成型、压力袋成型、模压成型或层压成型。
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