CN112880482A - 一种军用方舱板及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种军用方舱板及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN112880482A
CN112880482A CN202110103817.1A CN202110103817A CN112880482A CN 112880482 A CN112880482 A CN 112880482A CN 202110103817 A CN202110103817 A CN 202110103817A CN 112880482 A CN112880482 A CN 112880482A
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plate
board
wave
military
thickness
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CN112880482B (zh
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孙慜倩
王涛
张中威
代晓青
熊自明
段力群
顾娟
夏一鹭
吴健安
董璐
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Army Engineering University of PLA
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种军用方舱板及其制备方法，包括顺次设置的透波外壳层、吸波内胆层、抗弹夹层、和电磁屏蔽背板层，方舱板的面密度为35‑50kg/m2。本发明的方舱板材通过将各层板材组合在一起，通过对各层功能板材结构的改进，在性能上，不仅实现了抗弹防护性能，同时兼具了吸波及电磁屏蔽效果；在重量上，减小了板材的总重量，满足了防弹方舱的轻量化要求。

Description

一种军用方舱板及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于方舱板领域，具体涉及一种军用方舱板及其制作方法。
背景技术
方舱板是搭建临时可移动厢体的主要板材，车载军用方舱是装载专用设备和人员并提供所需要的工作条件和环境防护的可移动厢体，为通信、医疗、后勤保障等工作提供了主要的活动场所。目前所使用的军用方舱只具有一定的防弹能力，但是在执行战场任务时，为了，方舱若同时具有一定程度的隐身和电磁屏蔽功能，则更加利于保障人员和设备的安全。为了保证防弹方舱有较好的机动性，方舱板材还必须有轻量化要求。
发明内容
针对对军用方舱所提出的更高要求，本发明提出一种军用方舱板及其制作方法。
实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种军用方舱板，包括顺次设置的透波外壳层、吸波内胆层、抗弹夹层、和电磁屏蔽背板层，方舱板的面密度为35-50kg/m2。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述透波外壳层的厚度为2～4mm，面密度为2.2-5.0kg/m2，所述透波外壳层选用通过树脂将四氧化三铁粘附到超高分子量聚乙烯纤维形成的复合材料，其中，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维所占质量分数为60～70％。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述Fe3O4的粒度为80～500nm，质量分数为10％～30％。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述吸波内胆层的厚度为3～5mm，面密度为4.0-6.5kg/m2，采用的是芳纶蜂窝纸柔性板材，板材的表面通过浸渍含有纳米铁粉和碳纳米管的环氧树脂，所述纳米铁粉的颗粒尺寸为50～200nm，所述碳纳米管的管径为15～100nm，管长为1～5μm，所述纳米铁粉与碳纳米管的质量比为(1.5～2.5):1。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述抗弹夹层的厚度小于25mm，面密度为22-28kg/m2，所述抗弹夹层选用PE板与泡沫铝板或SiC陶瓷板所形成的组合板。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述PE板的结构为PE UD布通过热压复合而成，厚度10-18mm，面密度为9.8-17.5kg/m2；所述泡沫铝板的密度为0.4～0.6g/cm3；所述SiC陶瓷板的结构为厚度4.0mm-9.5mm、边长不小于50mm的正六角形或正方形的陶瓷拼版拼砌而成。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述电磁屏蔽背板层选用钢板与铝板热轧复合板，厚度为0.5～1.5mm，其中铝板的厚度为0.2～0.5mm，面密度为3.0-9.0kg/m2。
本发明还提供了一种制作如上所述一种军用方舱板的方法，包括分别制作透波外壳层、吸波内胆层、抗弹夹层、和电磁屏蔽背板层，之后将各层板之间用环氧树脂胶连接在一起。
本发明的有益效果：本发明的方舱板材通过将各层板材组合在一起，通过对各层功能板材结构的改进，在性能上，不仅实现了抗弹防护性能，同时兼具了吸波及电磁屏蔽效果；在重量上，减小了板材的总重量，满足了防弹方舱的轻量化要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施例的结构示意图；
其中：1-透波外壳层，2-吸波内胆层，3-抗弹夹层，4-电磁屏蔽背板层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。
如图1所示的本发明所制作的具有多层结构的方舱板，包括顺次设置的透波外壳层1、吸波内胆层2、抗弹夹层3、和电磁屏蔽背板层4，层与层之间通过单位面积用量为0.5-1.5kg/m2的树脂胶粘连在一起，整个方舱板的面密度控制在35-50kg/m2。
为了使得方舱板在保证抗弹效果的前提下，兼具隐身和电磁屏蔽的功能，同时不过多的增加方舱板的重量，各层板的设计如下：
A.透波外壳层1：厚度为2～4mm，面密度为2.2-5.0kg/m2，所述透波外壳层1选用通过树脂将四氧化三铁粘附在聚乙烯纤维上的复合材料，其中，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维所占质量分数为60～70％。所述树脂基四氧化三铁中的Fe3O4的粒度为80～500nm。通过将纳米Fe3O4粉末与650单组分胶黏剂按体积比，例如7:3的比例搅拌混合均匀，均匀涂覆在每层PE纤维布上，形成至少3层夹层结构，之后将其叠加在一起，在室温下固化成形。
B吸波内胆层2：厚度为3～5mm，面密度为4.0-6.5kg/m2，采用的是芳纶蜂窝纸柔性板材，板材的上面通过环氧树脂沾附着纳米铁粉和碳纳米管，所述纳米铁粉的颗粒尺寸为50～200nm，所述碳纳米管的管径为15～100nm，管长为1～5μm，所述纳米铁粉与碳纳米管的质量比为(40～100):1。具体的制作方法为以双酚A型环氧树脂为基体，将纳米铁粉和碳纳米管加入到基体中，经强力搅拌后在混合物中加入酚醛胺固化剂，再次搅拌10分钟后得到浸渍用的吸波胶液，吸波胶液中纳米铁粉与碳纳米管所占的质量分数为70％；之后将具有蜂窝结构的芳纶纸浸渍到吸波胶液中，然后放入干燥箱中加热到130℃固化后得到所需要的吸波内胆。
性能测试：
制作厚度为3mm、面密度大约为4.0kg/m2左右的透波外壳层1，该透波外壳层1中的超高分子量聚乙烯纤维所占质量分数为60～70％；厚度为4mm，面密度大约为5.3kg/m2左右的吸波内胆层2，采用矢量网络分析仪测测试方舱板的隐身效能，在传输/发射模式下，研究在1-18GHz的波段范围内对电磁的屏蔽性能进行测试，具体的结果如表1所示：
表1.不同实施例所制作的方舱板的电磁屏蔽性能
Figure BDA0002916579610000031
C.所述抗弹夹层3：厚度小于22mm，复合板的面密度控制在18-40kg/m2之间，所述抗弹夹层3选用PE板与泡沫铝板或SiC陶瓷板组合成的复合板两种结构的复合板。
对于PE/泡沫铝复合板，该种复合板的面密度小于18kg/m2。其中，泡沫铝板的面密度为0.4～0.6g/cm3，PE板的厚度为16-18mm，泡沫铝板的厚度为1-2mm。组装时，泡沫铝板靠近电磁屏蔽的一侧组装，PE板靠近吸波层的一侧组装。
对于PE/SiC陶瓷复合板，该种复合板的面密度小于40kg/m2。SiC陶瓷的厚度为4.0mm-9.5mm、采用边长不小于50mm的正六角形或正方形的陶瓷拼版拼砌而成。该复合板中的PE板的厚度为10mm。组装时，SiC陶瓷板靠近吸波层的一侧组装，PE板靠近电磁屏蔽的一侧组装。
所述方舱板的抗弹性能为：基于满足《GA141-2010警用防弹防护等级分类》标准中5级防护的要求，现有技术中的抗弹板需要至少23mm，而本发明的优选方案为厚度不大于16mm的PE板与2mm厚度的泡沫铝板组成的复合板。基于满足《GA141-2010警用防弹防护等级分类》标准中6级防护要求的抗弹夹层3，本发明优选方案为厚度不大于10mm的PE板与6mm厚度的碳化硅板组成的复合板，对比于现有技术中的抗弹板至少需要24mm。基于满足《GA141-2010警用防弹防护等级分类》标准中特殊级防护要求的抗弹夹层3，本发明优选方案为厚度不大于10mm的PE板与9.5mm厚度的SiC板组成的复合板对比于现有技术中的抗弹板至少需要28mm。
D.电磁屏蔽背板层4：选用钢板与铝板热轧复合板，厚度为0.5～1.5mm，其中铝板的厚度为0.2～0.5mm，面密度为3.0-9.0kg/m2。组装时，铝板(或钢板)贴附抗弹夹层3安装。
所述电磁屏蔽背板层的性能如表2所示：
表2.不同厚度组合的电磁屏蔽背板层的电磁屏蔽性能
电磁屏蔽背板厚度(mm) 铝板厚度(mm) 电磁屏蔽效应(dB)
0.5 0.2 40
0.6 0.2 42
1.0 0.4 48
1.2 0.4 52
1.5 0.5 60
由表2中的数据可以看出，所述方舱背板的电磁屏蔽效能在40dB以上，具有很好的屏蔽效能。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (8)

1.一种军用方舱板，其特征在于：包括顺次设置的透波外壳层、吸波内胆层、抗弹夹层、和电磁屏蔽背板层，方舱板的面密度为35-50kg/m2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种军用方舱板，其特征在于：所述透波外壳层的厚度为2～4mm，面密度为2.2-5.0kg/m2，所述透波外壳层选用通过树脂将四氧化三铁粘附到超高分子量聚乙烯纤维形成的复合材料，其中，所述超高分子量聚乙烯纤维所占质量分数为60～70％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种军用方舱板，其特征在于：所述Fe3O4的粒度为80～500nm，质量分数为10％～30％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种军用方舱板，其特征在于：所述吸波内胆层的厚度为3～5mm，面密度为4.0-6.5kg/m2，采用的是芳纶蜂窝纸柔性板材，板材的表面通过浸渍含有纳米铁粉和碳纳米管的环氧树脂，所述纳米铁粉的颗粒尺寸为50～200nm，所述碳纳米管的管径为15～100nm，管长为1～5μm，所述纳米铁粉与碳纳米管的质量比为(1.5～2.5):1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种军用方舱板，其特征在于：所述抗弹夹层的厚度小于25mm，面密度为22-28kg/m2，所述抗弹夹层选用PE板与泡沫铝板或SiC陶瓷板所形成的组合板。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种军用方舱板，其特征在于：
所述PE板的结构为PE UD布通过热压复合而成，厚度10-18mm，面密度为9.8-17.5kg/m2；
所述泡沫铝板的密度为0.4～0.6g/cm3；所述SiC陶瓷板的结构为厚度4.0mm-9.5mm、边长不小于50mm的正六角形或正方形的陶瓷拼版拼砌而成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种军用方舱板，其特征在于：所述电磁屏蔽背板层选用钢板与铝板热轧复合板，厚度为0.5～1.5mm，其中铝板的厚度为0.2～0.5mm，面密度为3.0-9.0kg/m2。
8.制作如权利要求1-6任一项所述一种军用方舱板的方法，其特征在于：包括分别制作透波外壳层、吸波内胆层、抗弹夹层、和电磁屏蔽背板层，之后将各层板之间用环氧树脂胶连接在一起。
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