CN106381684A - 一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将超高分子量聚乙烯加入溶剂中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入纳米碳化硅粉体和两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,热烘干后形成内层纤维;将内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,振荡,取出,晾干得到中层纤维;将含铁氧体的凝胶加入到蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,烘干,再涂覆,烘干,形成产品。本发明制备方法简单,纤维防电磁性能优异,还具有良好的机械性、柔韧性和服用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纺织材料技术领域,具体涉及一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维及制备方法。
背景技术
电磁辐射是一种能量以电磁波的形式由源发射到空间的物理现象,电磁场分布在人们生活环境的各个角落,有自然电磁场:太阳电磁场、宇宙电磁场、自然界的火花放电等,还有人工电磁场:电力线、放电管、汽车、电气设备、电子设备、建筑金属构件等。随着现代科技技术的飞速发展,电磁辐射的范围和深度也日益扩大,电磁的出现给人们的生活带来了极大的方便,但是也会造成一定的危害,比如会干扰通讯,干扰电子设备,干扰动植物的生长,甚至对人体造成不适损伤,影响生态环境和人体的健康。
基于防电磁辐射的吸波纺织品是将防电磁辐射材料加入到纺织品中,使纺织品具有可吸收或者衰减入射电磁波的能力,此外还要求具有质轻、舒适透气、耐磨等特点。铁氧体防电磁辐射材料是铁元素与氧元素形成的各类化合物,为双复介质材料,具有磁吸收和电吸收两种功能,目前铁氧体防电磁辐射材料研究较为成熟。
在纺织领域,目前基于铁氧体防电磁辐射材料的纺织品,可以将铁氧体纤维作为原料织造形成面料,或者将铁氧体材料作为整理剂对面料进行涂覆和浸渍,使纺织品具有防电磁辐射的功能。中国专利CN 100369861C公开的尖晶石型铁氧体纤维及其制备方法,将金属铁盐、二价金属盐以及多远羧酸与去离子水混合,室温搅拌,脱水形成纺丝液,再经机械拉丝形成凝胶纤维素丝,烘干热处理,得到尖晶石型铁氧体纤维。中国专利CN103243417B公开的一种铁氧体纳米纤维的制备方法,将可形成铁氧体金属盐溶液的硝酸盐、碳酸盐和氯化物与三价铁离子混合,蒸发形成溶胶,加入有机络合剂络合形成纺丝液,经静电纺丝技术和煅烧后整理得到铁氧体纳米纤维。中国文献(“含铁氧体磁性纤维织物的防护性能研究”,丝绸,2014年4月第4期,第51卷)公开的含铁氧体磁性纤维织物的防护性能研究,将铁氧体磁粉加入涤纶混纺形成纤维,再与棉纤维混纺形成铁氧体磁性纤维混纺纱,与不锈钢长丝包芯纱作为原料织造形成织物,研究发现添加不锈钢长丝包芯纱纤维的抗静电性能得到改善,添加铁氧体磁性纤维混纺纱防电磁辐射性能优异,还具有一定的防紫外线功能。由此可知,目前将铁氧体纤维需要与其他材料复合,添加到纺织品中,赋予纺织品防电磁辐射的功能,但是服用性和防电磁辐射性能兼优的铁氧体纤维并不多。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维及其制备方法,本发明采用多层防辐射技术,将多种柔性、刚性的吸收材料复合,综合利用多种吸收型防辐射材料,制备出一种机械性能和防电磁辐射性能优异的纤维材料。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其特征在于,所述基于铁氧体的防电磁辐射蚕丝面料中包括铁氧体、蚕丝蛋白、纳米陶瓷吸收剂、纳米导电聚合物、高分子黏合剂和表面活性剂,所述铁氧体为三氧化二铁与氧化锌的混合物,所述纳米陶瓷吸收剂为纳米碳化硅,所述黏合剂为超高分子量聚乙烯,所述纳米导电聚合物为聚吡咯,所述表面活性剂为两性表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述两性表面活性剂为氟碳磷酸酯表面活性剂或者磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂,所述阳离子表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
本发明还提供一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将超高分子量聚乙烯加入溶剂中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入纳米碳化硅粉体和两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,热烘干后形成内层纤维;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,振荡,取出,晾干得到中层纤维;
(3)将含铁氧体的凝胶加入到蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将步骤(2)制备的中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,烘干,再涂覆,烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,超高分子量聚乙烯的分子量为100-150万。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,溶剂为质量分数为10%的乙酸。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(1)中,内层纤维中超高分子量聚乙烯与纳米碳化硅的质量比为25-30:1。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(2)中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为1-3%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,含铁氧体的凝胶与蚕丝蛋白水溶液的体积比为1:1。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为0.5-4%。
作为上述技术方案的优选,所述步骤(3)中,基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中铁氧体的质量分数为3-7%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制备的基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中含有多层结构,最上层含有铁氧体,铁氧体属于电介质型材料,可以对电磁波进行弛豫、衰减和吸收电磁波,中间层含有聚吡咯层,聚吡咯层为纳米导电聚合物,聚吡咯层的透射性能较好的,对电磁波有良好的吸收性,内层含有纳米陶瓷吸收剂不仅对电磁波具有很好的吸收性能,而且质量轻、耐高温和强度大,因此本发明制备的纤维,外层具有良好的衰减性能,中间层和内层具有良好吸收性能,本发明制备的纤维充分利用多层间的层间衰减和吸收作用,制备的纤维的防电磁辐射性能优异。
(2)本发明制备的基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中内层采用超高分子量聚乙烯,赋予纤维较好的机械性能,提高纤维的使用率,此外嫩存还选用强度大的纳米陶瓷吸收剂碳化硅作为原料,进一步提高纤维的机械性能。
(3)本发明制备的基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的中间层采用聚合物材料,赋予纤维柔韧性能,外层还含有蚕丝蛋白,赋予纤维一定的亲肤、透气透湿性能。
(4)本发明制备方法简单,制备的纤维防电磁辐射性能优异,还具有良好的机械性能、柔韧性和服用性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明,在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明,但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1:
(1)按重量份计,将25份的分子量为100万的超高分子量聚乙烯加入100份的10%的乙酸中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入1份的纳米碳化硅粉体和0.1-份的氟碳磷酸酯两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,在80℃下热烘干后形成内层纤维。
(2)以浴比1:20,将内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,在30℃下振荡15min,取出,晾干得到中层纤维,其中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为1%。
(3)按体积份计,将1份的质量分数为3%的含铁氧体的凝胶加入到1份的质量分数为3%的蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入0.05份的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,在50℃下烘干,再涂覆,在50℃下烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其中基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为0.5%,铁氧体的质量分数为3%。
实施例2:
(1)按重量份计,将30份的分子量为150万的超高分子量聚乙烯加入100份的10%的乙酸中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入1份的纳米碳化硅粉体和0.2份的磺基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,在100℃下热烘干后形成内层纤维。
(2)以浴比1:20,将内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,在40℃下振荡20min,取出,晾干得到中层纤维,其中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为3%。
(3)按体积份计,将1份的质量分数为5%的含铁氧体的凝胶加入到1份的质量分数为5%的蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入0.2份的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,在70℃下烘干,再涂覆,在70℃下烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其中基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为4%,铁氧体的质量分数为7%。
实施例3:
(1)按重量份计,将27份的分子量为130万的超高分子量聚乙烯加入100份的10%的乙酸中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入1份的纳米碳化硅粉体和0.15份的氟碳磷酸酯两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,在90℃下热烘干后形成内层纤维。
(2)以浴比1:20,将内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,在35℃下振荡17min,取出,晾干得到中层纤维,其中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为2%。
(3)按体积份计,将1份的质量分数为4%的含铁氧体的凝胶加入到1份的质量分数为4%的蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入0.1份的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,在60℃下烘干,再涂覆,在60℃下烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其中基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为2%,铁氧体的质量分数为4%。
实施例4:
(1)按重量份计,将28份的分子量为150万的超高分子量聚乙烯加入100份的10%的乙酸中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入1份的纳米碳化硅粉体和0.13份磺基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,在100℃下热烘干后形成内层纤维。
(2)以浴比1:20,将内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,在40℃下振荡15min,取出,晾干得到中层纤维,其中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为1.5%。
(3)按体积份计,将1份的质量分数为4.5%的含铁氧体的凝胶加入到1份的质量分数为5%的蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入0.15份的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,在65℃下烘干,再涂覆,在60℃下烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其中基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为4%,铁氧体的质量分数为5%。
实施例5:
(1)按重量份计,将30份的分子量为100万的超高分子量聚乙烯加入100份的10%的乙酸中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入1份的纳米碳化硅粉体和0.2份的氟碳磷酸酯两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,在80℃下热烘干后形成内层纤维。
(2)以浴比1:20,将内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,在40℃下振荡15min,取出,晾干得到中层纤维,其中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为3%。
(3)按体积份计,将1份的质量分数为3%的含铁氧体的凝胶加入到1份的质量分数为5%的蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入0.2份的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,在50℃下烘干,再涂覆,在70℃下烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其中基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为3.5%,铁氧体的质量分数为6%。
实施例6:
(1)按重量份计,将30份的分子量为140万的超高分子量聚乙烯加入100份的10%的乙酸中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入1份的纳米碳化硅粉体和0.2份的磺基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,在95℃下热烘干后形成内层纤维。
(2)以浴比1:20,将内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,在40℃下振荡18min,取出,晾干得到中层纤维,其中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为2.5%。
(3)按体积份计,将1份的质量分数为5%的含铁氧体的凝胶加入到1份的质量分数为5%的蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入0.1份的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,在65℃下烘干,再涂覆,在55℃下烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其中基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为2.5%,铁氧体的质量分数为7%。
经检测,实施例1-6制备的基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的防辐射性能、机械性能的结果如下所示:
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | |
电磁吸收率(%) | 90 | 93 | 92 | 91 | 90 | 91 |
电磁反射率(%) | 8 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
断裂强度(cN/dtex) | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 |
断裂伸长率(%) | 10 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 10 |
由上表可见,本发明制备的基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的防辐射性能优异,还具有良好的机械强度。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维,其特征在于:所述基于铁氧体的防电磁辐射蚕丝面料中包括铁氧体、蚕丝蛋白、纳米陶瓷吸收剂、纳米导电聚合物、高分子黏合剂和表面活性剂,所述铁氧体为三氧化二铁与氧化锌的混合物,所述纳米陶瓷吸收剂为纳米碳化硅,所述黏合剂为超高分子量聚乙烯,所述纳米导电聚合物为聚吡咯,所述表面活性剂为两性表面活性剂和阳离子表面活性剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维品,其特征在于:所述两性表面活性剂为氟碳磷酸酯表面活性剂或者磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂,所述阳离子表面活性剂为十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
3.一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将超高分子量聚乙烯加入溶剂中,搅拌至溶解完全,再加入纳米碳化硅粉体和两性表面活性剂,混合均匀后,缓慢蒸发至粘稠状,机械拉丝,热烘干后形成内层纤维;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的内层纤维浸渍于聚吡咯液体中,振荡,取出,晾干得到中层纤维;
(3)将含铁氧体的凝胶加入到蚕丝蛋白水溶液中,加入阳离子表面活性剂,搅拌浓缩形成粘稠液体,将步骤(2)制备的中层纤维表面涂覆粘稠液体,烘干,再涂覆,烘干,形成基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,超高分子量聚乙烯的分子量为100-150万。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,溶剂为质量分数为10%的乙酸。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,内层纤维中超高分子量聚乙烯与纳米碳化硅的质量比为25-30:1。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,中层纤维中聚吡咯的质量分数为1-3%。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,含铁氧体的凝胶与蚕丝蛋白水溶液的体积比为1:1。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中蚕丝蛋白的质量分数为0.5-4%。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中,基于铁氧体和纳米材料的多层防辐射纤维中铁氧体的质量分数为3-7%。
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CN113470900A (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-01 | 丁晓勤 | 电磁屏蔽夹心编织绳及其制备方法和应用 |
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