CN108272897B - 一种治疗各种实热引起出血症的组合物及其制剂与应用 - Google Patents
一种治疗各种实热引起出血症的组合物及其制剂与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗各种实热引起出血症的组合物及其制剂与应用。所述的中药组合物包含按重量份计的当归15~25份,白芍15~25份,黄连45~70份,黄芩50~80份,大黄80~120份,生地20~45份,荆芥碳15~30份,侧柏叶20~40份。本发明以大黄、黄连、黄芩清三焦火热,热去则出血病机之一去,同为君药;生地、白芍、当归凉血、补血柔肝止痛,收敛阳热,活血化瘀,三药配合为臣佐位;荆芥碳和侧柏叶常以使位,用来配合清热凉血药,起到最终止血目的。诸药配合,清热凉血,活血补血,收敛止血,适合于所有血症病机,见效迅速,适合于治疗各种出血症,疗效确切,且没有毒副作用,愈后不复发,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中医中药领域,特别涉及一种治疗各种实热引起出血症的组合物及其制剂与应用。
背景技术
鼻出血(鼻衄)是耳鼻喉科常见病,在气候干燥的春季和炎热的夏季尤其容易发生。鼻出血多为单侧,少数情况下可出现双侧鼻出血;出血量多少不一,轻者仅为涕中带血,重者可引起失血性休克,反复鼻出血可导致贫血。牙龈出血(齿衄)多在牙缝内渗出。胃经实热者血出较多,口气臭秽,但牙龈不腐烂;肾经虚火上炎者点滴出血,牙缝痛,甚则动摇或脱落。吐血,指的是血从口中吐出,吐血可以是上消化道出血,也可以是支气管扩张的咯血;吐血主要来自胃的病变,因外邪犯胃,胃络受伤或他脏有病影响及胃均可引起本证。崩漏,中医病名,西医病名无排卵性功能性子宫出血;是月经的周期、经期、经量发生严重失常的病证,其发病急骤,暴下如注,大量出血者为“崩”;病势缓,出血量少,淋漓不绝者为“漏”。可发生在月经初潮后至绝经的任何年龄,足以影响生育,危害健康,属妇科常见病,也是疑难急重病证。一些女孩子常会在月经期流鼻血,中医称为“倒经”,西医称为“代偿性月经”。倒经表现为除阴道流血外,鼻子(或口腔)也会流少量的血,持续天数不等,多发于月经来潮前1~2天或行经期间,而且像月经来潮似的,具有周期规律性。以上诸症均无较好治疗方法,西医多针对症状,单纯止血,但容易复发。
中医判断以上出血症的病因病机多为阴虚血热迫血妄行而出于脉外,或气滞血瘀血不归经游走脉外,或血虚而血不固摄漏于脉外三种。
火热气盛迫血妄行出于脉外的病机,《景岳全书》中概括出血病机概为:火盛气伤。尤其是在鼻衄、牙衄、和血崩中最为常见。病因多为外感热邪,或喜欢吃辛辣食物损伤脾胃致阳明火热,或易动怒伤肝致肝胆火热。相火内动,阳盛生热迫血妄行,症状多为出血量大且急,口苦咽干,吞酸舌强,面红目赤,口舌生疮,头晕昏重,烦躁易怒失眠多梦,小便赤黄,大便干燥,脉象洪大实硬等症。
气滞血瘀引起的出血,也常见于鼻衄出血淋漓不断、血出量少、反复发作;漏下出血量少淋漓不断经久难愈;妇女倒经等。病因多为外伤损害,导致气滞血瘀,或久思伤脾致肝脾不和,统藏失利;或产后淤滞恶血不尽,血脉不通致血无所归而出于脉外。症状多为疼痛昏厥,面目唇舌发青紫暗,胸闷憋气,脉象沉弦艰涩。
血虚而不统血脉引起的出血,多见于慢性出血病症,由于出血日久致血虚血不固摄,呈慢性发病状态。症状多为面色无华,食欲不振,身体散软无力,懒言少语,声音低微,脉象芤虚无力。最终导致血虚气伤,固摄无力血出脉外。
针对以上三种出血症的病因病机:(1)血热者,当清热凉血,热去血自凝,出血自止。(2)血瘀者,当活血化瘀,引血归经,使血有所归,不致血出脉外。(3)血虚者,当滋阴补血,收敛阳热,阴血生则血不虚,阳热收则气摄血脉。以上三种病因会单独出现,也会综合或交替出现,所以治疗出血症,应三种病因病机兼顾,方能顾全大局,不致顾此失彼。临床也有多种治疗出血症的组方,但其多数是针对某一种出血症病因病机,不能做到照顾全面,因此多效果一般,虽亦有疗效,但起效慢。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足,提供一种用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供包含所述的中药组合物的中药制剂。
本发明的又一目的在于提供所述中药组合物的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物,包含如下按重量份计的组分:
所述的中药组合物优选包含如下按重量份计的组分:
所述的该组方药物可采用本领域的常规方法制成各种剂型,包括汤剂、片剂、胶囊剂、针剂、粉针剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、口服液和糖浆剂,或者采用微纳米技术制成的片剂、胶囊剂、针剂、粉针剂或颗粒剂。
所述的汤剂优选通过如下方法制备得到:
将所述的中药组合物浸泡后,加水煎煮得到。
所述的浸泡优选采用凉开水浸泡。
所述的浸泡的时间优选为1~3小时。
所述的煎煮优选为武火烧开后文火煎煮。
煎煮的时间优选为至少30分钟。
所述的剂型的制备方法包括:按配方混合药材,加水煎制;或按配方混合药材研磨过筛即可。
一种中药制剂,由所述的中药组合物和药学上可接受的载体制备而成。
所述的中药制剂的给药方式包括口服、注射、喷雾、吸入或其组合。
所述的中药组合物或中药制剂在制备治疗各种出血症药物中的应用。
所述的出血症优选为实热引起的出血症。
所述的出血症包括鼻衄、齿衄、吐血、崩漏、倒经等。
方中大黄、黄连、黄芩性寒凉味苦,以泻心中火热,因心主血脉,肝主藏血,脾主统血,出血症与心、肝、脾有关,心肝脾主三焦,三焦火热是出血症的病机之一。大黄、黄连、黄芩清三焦火热,热去则出血病机之一祛除。尤其大黄用量最大,因大黄有通利之性,止血而能预防血淤,所以大黄为君。黄连、黄芩能清肝脾之热,与大黄配合同为君药。泻热法治疗出血症,犹如釜底抽薪,血中无热自能清凉无迫血妄行之患。三药同用优于经验方中两种药物同用,可以起到即能迅速清楚火热,清泄脏腑阳盛,又能引热邪出出于体外的作用,特点是见效迅速,可达到快速止血的目的。
方中生地、白芍、当归凉血、补血柔肝止痛,收敛阳热,活血化瘀,三药配合为臣佐位,功效为补益肝肾之阴,活血脉通经络,引血归经,助清热药,凉血补血,又不致血虚生热。
方中荆芥碳性涩,收敛止血,为荆芥炒黑制品,善入血分,有理血止血之效。因血见黑则止,荆芥碳色黑主入血分,性主收敛,故以止血见长。由于荆芥性本疏散,故其碳品止血无收敛太过之虑。侧柏叶味苦涩,具有凉血止血功效,主治各种出血症。现有技术中出血症治疗中多数侧重于凉血,治疗本因,却往往忽略了需要先止血这一表征,本发明中荆芥碳和侧柏叶以使位,用来配合清热凉血药,起到快速止血目的。
综上,本发明组方“当归15~25份,白芍15~25份,黄连45~70份,黄芩50~80份,大黄80~120份,生地20~45份,荆芥碳15~30份,侧柏叶20~40份。”以清热泻火药为君,目的是不让火热伤阴迫血妄行于脉外;滋阴凉血药为臣,作用在于使血脉清凉不损阴血,又有补益血脉之功;引血归经药为佐使,使气血归于血脉不致于漏出脉外。活血,止血为最终目的,达到热去阴生血脉归经,但又不致于出现血瘀为患的病症。诸药配合,清热凉血,活血补血,收敛止血,见效迅速,适合于所有出血症病机,因此广泛适合于治疗多种出血症(产后或流产后出血除外)。各组份按照中医理论,符合君臣佐使配伍,组方简洁,无任何不必要组分,因此,各组份缺一不可。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点及效果:
(1)本发明综合多年临床治疗经验,以大黄、黄连、黄芩清三焦火热,热去则出血病机之一去,同为君药;生地、白芍、当归凉血、补血柔肝止痛,收敛阳热,活血化瘀,三药配合为臣佐位;荆芥碳和侧柏叶常以使位,用来配合清热凉血药,起到最终止血目的。从中医辩证角度说明各组分之间的君臣佐使之位,丰富完善中医中药理论体系。
(2)本发明的中药组合物中,诸药配合,清热凉血,活血补血,收敛止血,适合于所有血症病机,见效迅速,适合于治疗各种出血症。该组方适应面广泛,疗效确切,且没有毒副作用,愈后不复发。
(3)本发明的中药组合物各组份按照中医理论,符合君臣佐使配伍,组方简洁,无任何不必要组分,因此,各组份缺一不可。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1治疗鼻衄典型病例
1.中药组合物
当归25克,白芍15克,黄连50克,黄芩50克,大黄100克,生地25克,荆芥碳15克,侧柏叶25克。
将以上各药材混合研细过筛,每服6克,每日三次,七天为一个疗程。
2.治疗病例
孙某,男,50岁,石家庄开发区人氏,于2012年5月14日来诊。鼻出血半年多,时出时止,每次出血量大,喷射而出,兼有头晕头痛,口干舌燥,咽干口苦,不欲饮水。大便干燥,小便赤黄,睡眠不好,半夜易醒来,心烦易怒。
查体,面色发红唇紫暗,舌质红,舌苔厚黄,脉象洪大重按兼弦。诊断为肝肾阴虚,心肝火热,兼见气滞血瘀。
施治当清降火热,收敛肝阳,活血散瘀,滋阴凉血。采用本实施例的中药组合物,将以上各药材混合研细过筛,每服6克,每日三次,七天为一个疗程,禁食辛辣食品、烟、酒、茶水。
第10天患者打电话来说,吃了一天后就止血了,十天来没有复发。考虑到患者病情已久,且吃药后并没有副作用,随建议患者吃完一个疗程以巩固疗效。后随访多年未曾复发。
实施例2治疗鼻衄典型病例
1.中药组合物
当归15克,白芍15克,黄连45克,黄芩50克,大黄80克,生地20克,荆芥碳15克,侧柏叶20克。
每日一剂,煎服,将药物用凉开水浸泡2小时后,武火烧开后文火煎煮30分钟得汤剂。每剂药分三次服用。
2.治疗病例
张某,男54岁,石家庄开发区人氏,于2012年7月2日来诊,鼻出血已有五年之久,断断续续发作,医院诊断为鼻窦出血。每次发作淋漓不断,伴有血块,颜色发黑,用棉花塞住就能止住,拔出来又开始流血。心悸失眠,小便短少,大便稀溏或粘滞不爽,食欲不振口中无味,自觉口干舌燥。
查体面色无华,唇白干裂,舌质肥厚,苔薄,脉象芤弱无力。诊断为气血不足,肝脾不和,阴虚火热。
当用滋阴清热,滋阴补血,固本补虚之法。遂采用本实施例组方“当归15克,白芍15克,黄连45克,黄芩50克,大黄80克,生地20克,荆芥碳15克,侧柏叶20克。”每日一剂,煎服,每剂药分三次服用。七天为一个疗程,禁食辛辣食品、烟、酒、和茶水。
患者7日后来诊,说已经不出血了,由于病程较长,继续服用一个疗程以药巩固治疗。后随访多年没有复发。
实施例3治疗吐血典型病例
1.中药组合物
当归25克,白芍15克,黄连50克,黄芩50克,大黄100克,生地25克,荆芥碳15克,侧柏叶25克。
将以上各药材混合研细过筛,每服6克,每日三次。
2.治疗病例
袁某,女40岁,石家庄藁城人氏,2008年12月12日来诊,患者最近有呕血发生,量也不大,在医院检查说是胃溃疡引起的吐血,但是输液和西药治疗效果不理想,停药后即会复发。
除了呕血外没有别的症状,面色萎黄,舌质肥厚发暗,舌苔厚黄,脉象芤大。诊断为心肺火热,阳明气逆不降导致的呕血。
施治当清降心肺火热,通泄阳明,滋阴凉血止血。开处方“当归25克,白芍15克,黄连50克,黄芩50克,大黄100克,生地25克,荆芥碳15克,侧柏叶25克。”将以上各药材混合研细过筛,每服6克,每日三次,七天为一个疗程,禁食辛辣食品、烟、酒、茶水。
患者三天后来诊,说不吐血了,自行停药了。随访多年未见复发。
实施例4治疗血崩典型病例
1.中药组合物
当归25克,白芍25克,黄连45克,黄芩50克,大黄80克,生地20克,荆芥碳15克,侧柏叶20克。
每日一剂,煎服,将药物用凉开水浸泡2小时后,武火烧开后文火煎煮30分钟得汤剂。每剂药分三次服用。
2.治疗病例
李某,女27岁,石家庄藁城区人,2017年3月2日来诊,患者有妇科炎症,月经每月两次,每次来的时间为三天,经血量大,鲜血如注,必须用止血药才能止住。吃过中药和西药治疗,都是见效一时。
查体,面红,舌质红,苔薄,口烟干燥,耳鸣,失眠心烦易怒,大便干燥,小便不详。诊断为肾阴不足,心肝火热,迫血妄行,血不归经所致。
治疗当清热滋阴,引血归经。建议服用“当归25克,白芍25克,黄连45克,黄芩50克,大黄80克,生地20克,荆芥碳15克,侧柏叶20克”,每日一剂,煎服,每剂药分三次服用。七天为一个疗程,禁食辛辣食品、烟、酒、和茶水。
患者服用一个疗程后,复诊。未见不适,本月月经正常。只是还有经血量较大,随建议继续服用一个疗程。三个月后患者前来诊所,月经已恢复正常。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物,其特征在于,原料为如下按重量份计的组分:
当归 15~25 份;
白芍 15~25份;
黄连 45~70份;
黄芩 50~80份;
大黄 80~120份;
生地 20~45份;
荆芥碳 15~30份;
侧柏叶 20~40份;
所述的出血症为鼻衄、齿衄、吐血、崩漏、倒经。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物按重量份计的组分:
当归 15~25 份;
白芍 15~25份;
黄连 45~50份;
黄芩 50份;
大黄 80~100份;
生地 20~25份;
荆芥碳 15份;
侧柏叶 20~25份。
3.根据权利要求1~2任一项所述的用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物,其特征在于:
所述的该组合 物采用本领域的常规方法制成各种剂型,包括汤剂、片剂、胶囊剂、针剂、颗粒剂、口服液和糖浆剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的汤剂通过如下方法制备得到:
将所述的中药组合物浸泡后,加水煎煮得到。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物,其特征在于:
所述的浸泡采用凉开水浸泡;
所述的煎煮为武火烧开后文火煎煮;
所述的煎煮的时间为至少30分钟。
6.一种中药制剂,其特征在于:
由权利要求1~5任一项所述的用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物和药学上可接受的载体制备而成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的中药制剂,其特征在于:
所述的中药制剂的给药方式包括口服、注射、喷雾、吸入或其组合。
8.权利要求1~5任一项所述的用于治疗各种实热引起出血症的中药组合物或权利要求6~7任一项所述的中药制剂在制备治疗出血症药物中的应用;
所述的出血症为鼻衄、齿衄、吐血、崩漏、倒经。
9.根据权利要求8所述的在制备治疗各种出血症药物中的应用,其特征在于:
所述的出血症为实热引起的出血症。
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