CN108266422B - 一种缓冲液压缸 - Google Patents

一种缓冲液压缸 Download PDF

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CN108266422B
CN108266422B CN201710000795.XA CN201710000795A CN108266422B CN 108266422 B CN108266422 B CN 108266422B CN 201710000795 A CN201710000795 A CN 201710000795A CN 108266422 B CN108266422 B CN 108266422B
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piston
shaped opening
spring
oil
opening valve
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CN108266422A (zh
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张建中
史世伟
刘焕伟
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1428Cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1457Piston rods
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/22Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices for accelerating or decelerating the stroke

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种缓冲液压缸,包括活塞杆、活塞筒、活塞Ⅰ、活塞Ⅱ、弹簧、橡胶套筒、卡簧、V型开口阀。活塞筒两端分别有两个进油口和两个出油口。活塞杆轴向依次安装有活塞Ⅰ、橡胶套筒、弹簧、活塞Ⅱ、卡簧,活塞杆一端通过卡簧限定位置。活塞Ⅰ和活塞Ⅱ都可以沿活塞杆在限定范围内滑动,当活塞往一端运动时,内端的出油口首先被封堵,泄油量减少,出油腔压力升高,弹簧被压缩,当运动到最大行程时,活塞触碰V型开口阀,使进油量减少,并且弹簧和活塞Ⅰ与活塞Ⅱ之间的油腔都起到缓冲作用。本发明可以对液压缸极限位置和工作过程中的冲击起到缓冲作用,具有结构简单,易于加工等优点。

Description

一种缓冲液压缸
技术领域
本发明涉及液压传动技术领域,尤其涉及一种缓冲液压油缸。
背景技术
在挖掘机工作过程中,液压缸到达行程极限位置时由于惯性和流量的变化往往会对缸体造成冲击,严重时还会导致缸体破碎,以及在工作过程中由于工况和挖掘物料的变化也会造成冲击。甚至当管路当中的液压油压力或者方向突然变化时也会造成冲击,使操作者控制精度降低。给生产生活带来诸多不便,影响正常生产。
发明内容
为了解决现有的上述技术问题。本发明提供一种缓冲液压缸,能够对液压缸到达极限位置和工作过程中的冲击起到缓冲作用。
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:一种缓冲液压缸,包活塞杆、活塞筒、活塞Ⅰ、活塞Ⅱ、弹簧、橡胶套筒、V型开口阀、卡簧;活塞杆轴向安装有活塞Ⅰ、活塞Ⅱ,两活塞之间有弹簧和橡胶套筒。活塞筒两端分别有两个出油口和两个进油口,两个V型开口阀。V型开口阀阀芯开口为V型通孔,开口较大端远离活塞筒,与活塞筒接触端为圆柱球头,可以减少与活塞接触动作时摩擦力。
本发明的有益效果是:结构简单、缓冲效果好等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2活塞杆与活塞及弹簧等零件装配示意图。
图3活塞杆结构图。
图4活塞筒结构示意图。
图5 V型开口阀局部结构剖面示意图。
图中,1-活塞杆、2-活塞Ⅰ、3-弹簧、4-橡胶套筒、5-活塞Ⅱ、6-卡簧、7-活塞筒、8-V型开口阀、101-限位台阶、102-环形槽、201-密封环、701-端盖、702-活塞筒体、703-进油口Ⅰ、704-进油口Ⅱ、705-出油口Ⅰ、706-出油口Ⅱ、801-阀体、802-V型开口阀芯、803-V型口、804-O型密封圈、805-弹簧Ⅰ。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
如图1所示,一种缓冲液压缸,包括活塞杆1、活塞Ⅰ2、弹簧3、橡胶套筒4、活塞Ⅱ5、卡簧6、活塞筒7 、V型开口阀8。
如图2所示,在活塞杆1上依次安装有活塞Ⅰ、弹簧3、橡胶套筒4、活塞Ⅱ5、卡簧6。橡胶套筒4套接活塞杆1上,橡胶套筒4外圈套有弹簧3,橡胶套筒4起到保护活塞杆1,防止弹簧3滑动时对活塞杆1磨损,并有一定缓冲作用。活塞Ⅰ上有数道密封环201,卡簧6起到限位作用,防止活塞从活塞杆1上脱落,卡簧6安装时对活塞有一定的预紧压力。
如图3所示,在活塞杆1上有限位台阶101和环形槽102。限位台阶101限制活塞Ⅰ的位置,起止回作用。环形槽102 用于安装卡簧6,卡簧6通过压缩活塞Ⅱ和弹簧3,预紧安装到环形槽102中。
如图4所示,活塞筒7由端盖701、活塞筒体702、进油口Ⅰ703、进油口Ⅱ704、出油口Ⅰ705、 出油口Ⅱ706组成;活塞筒7两端分别有进油口Ⅰ703,进油口Ⅱ704和出油口Ⅰ705, 出油口Ⅱ706 ,V型开口阀8。V型开口阀8与进出油管道相联通。V型开口阀8的V型开口阀芯802与活塞筒7内壁联通端为半球形圆柱头,V型开口阀的V型口803开口较大一端远离活塞筒7。
如图5所示,V型开口阀8由阀体801、V型开口阀芯802、V型口803、O型密封圈804、弹簧Ⅰ805组成;V型开口阀8与进出油口相联通,用于控制进出有口的流量。V型开口阀芯802与活塞筒7内壁联通端为半球形圆柱头,V型开口阀开口较大一端远离活塞筒7,弹簧Ⅰ805位于远离活塞筒7一侧,用于压紧V型开口阀芯802。O型密封圈804套接于V型开口阀芯802底部的凹槽内,起密封作用。
当活塞杆1伸出时,活塞Ⅰ和活塞Ⅱ之间的液压油和弹簧3可以对突然变化的油压和活塞杆1传回的冲击进行缓冲,当将要到达最大行程时,出油孔Ⅱ706被活塞Ⅰ封堵,使出口流量减小,从而使回油腔压力增大,进行缓冲,此时由于出口流量突然减少,会对活塞杆1造成冲击,活塞Ⅰ与活塞Ⅱ会被推动并压缩活塞Ⅰ与活塞Ⅱ之间的液压油和缩弹簧3,进行缓冲。当活塞Ⅰ继续前行并将出油孔Ⅰ705封堵时,活塞Ⅰ压缩其与活塞腔之间的液压油,并推动圆柱头的V型开口阀8动作,V型开口阀芯802压缩其底部的弹簧Ⅰ,使进油管路有效流通横截面积减小,使进油量减少,起到双重限压作用,此时达到最大行程。
当活塞杆1往回收缩时,由于两活塞之间距离最小时大于两出油口之间距,因此回油时液压油经出油口Ⅱ706进入活塞筒7并推动活塞Ⅱ往回运动,此时V型开口阀8没有复位,管道中的流量得到限制,当活塞Ⅱ继续运动,使弹簧3恢复原长度,并使限位台阶101推动活塞Ⅰ往回移动,当活塞Ⅰ脱离与V型开口阀芯802的圆柱球头接触时,使V型开口阀8复位,此时出油管流通面积恢复到最大。当活塞杆1继续运行到接近最短行程时,活塞Ⅱ继续运动将进油口Ⅰ703封堵时,无杆腔油压升高,活塞Ⅱ移动速度降低,并压缩弹簧3和活塞Ⅰ与活塞Ⅱ之间的液压油,起到缓冲作用,此时活塞杆1扔可以往回缩,当活塞Ⅱ移动到最小行程时,进油口Ⅰ703和进油口Ⅱ704都被封堵,弹簧3被压缩到最短行程,活塞Ⅱ触碰V型开口阀8的V型开口阀芯802动作,进油通道有效进油截面减小,此时达到极限位置。达到此极限位置时活塞杆1端面到活塞筒7端部的距离小于活塞Ⅱ到端部的距离,即活塞杆1不碰触活塞筒内壁。
上述方式中未述及的技术内容采取或借鉴已有技术即可实现。

Claims (2)

1.一种缓冲液压缸,其特征在于:包括活塞杆、活塞筒、活塞Ⅰ、活塞Ⅱ、弹簧、V型开口阀、橡胶套筒、卡簧;活塞杆轴向安装有活塞Ⅰ、活塞Ⅱ,两活塞之间有弹簧和橡胶套筒,所述活塞筒前侧设置有两个出油口和一个V型开口阀,所述活塞筒后侧设置有两个进油口和一个V型开口阀,两个所述出油口设置在所述活塞筒的左端,两个所述进油口设置在所述活塞筒的右端,两个所述V型开口阀分别设置在所述活塞筒的左右两端,所述出油口与处于所述活塞筒后侧的V型开口阀前后对应设置,所述进油口与处于所述活塞筒前侧的V型开口阀前后对应设置;
两个进油口间距和两个出油口间距都小于两个活塞之间距离;
V型开口阀一端与进出油道连接,另一端与活塞腔连接,V型开口阀与活塞腔连接端为圆柱球头;
V型开口阀由阀体、V型开口阀芯、V型口、O型密封圈、弹簧Ⅰ组成;V型开口阀与进出油口相联通,用于控制进出油口的流量,V型开口阀芯与活塞筒内壁联通端为半球形圆柱头,V型开口阀V型口较大一端远离活塞筒,阀体套接在阀芯外围,阀体与阀芯滑动连接,阀芯内开设V型口,V型口较小一端靠近活塞筒,O型密封圈、弹簧I依次布设在阀体内,阀芯远离半球形圆柱头的一端连接O型密封圈,弹簧Ⅰ位于远离活塞筒一侧,用于压紧V型开口阀芯,O型密封圈套接于V型开口阀芯底部的凹槽内,起密封作用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种缓冲液压缸,其特征在于:活塞杆一端轴向依次套接有活塞Ⅰ、橡胶套筒、弹簧、活塞Ⅱ、卡簧,弹簧套接于橡胶套筒外侧,卡簧用来限定活塞Ⅰ与活塞II的位置,活塞杆上有限位台阶,活塞可沿活塞杆在限定范围内滑动。
CN201710000795.XA 2017-01-03 2017-01-03 一种缓冲液压缸 Expired - Fee Related CN108266422B (zh)

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CN203098467U (zh) * 2013-01-21 2013-07-31 金华市弘科机械厂 一种缓冲油缸
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