CN108260393A - A kind of method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between corn soybean - Google Patents
A kind of method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between corn soybean Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between corn soybean, which is characterized in that corn soybean row ratio presses 2:2 intercropping mode is planted, and corn uses wide-narrow row planting, and wide row is away from for 120 130cm, and for narrow row away from for 40 50cm, spacing in the rows is 20 25cm；In corn wide row away from middle plantation soybean, line-spacing is 40 50cm between corn and soybean, and line-spacing is 35 40cm between soybean, and spacing in the rows is 10 15cm.Then chemical fertilizer is applied to corn and soybean respectively.Using Optimization Planting mode, sloping upland red soil corrosion stability is significantly improved, reduces sloping upland red soil soil erosion, improves the productivity of sloping upland red soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil and water resources protection and proportion of crop planting technical fields, are related to making raising slope between a kind of corn soybean
The method for red soil corrosion stability of ploughing.
Background technology
China is one of country the most serious of soil erosion in the world, has that soil erosion area is big, has a very wide distribution；
It is big to be lost in intensity, it is high to corrode serious area's ratio；It is lost in complex genesis, the apparent feature of area differentiation.According to statistics, the water and soil in China
Area is lost in up to 3,560,000 km2, account for the 37% of territory total area, year, soil erosion amount was up to 5,000,000,000 t, wherein Yellow River basin and the Changjiang river
Basin is the most serious, respectively 2,400,000,000 t and 1,600,000,000 t.Yunnan Province belongs to severe water and soil erosion area, soil erosion face in China
Product accounts for land area 37%, year is lost in 5.18 hundred million t of soil, occurs mainly in up to 14.13 ten thousand km2>8 degree of slopes.Soil erosion
Significant damage is all caused to local and lower reaches of river ecological environment, socio-economic development.Fertile table soil is degraded in soil erosion
Layer reduces agricultural production conditions, and is lost in soil and carries a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient, is contaminated water bodies of rivers and lakes；Water and soil stream
Mistake causes desertification, stony desertification, and the generation of aggravation arid, sand and dust natural calamity threatens cities and towns safety.Therefore, slope is carried out
Arable land comprehensive management by water and soil is of great significance to the sustainable use of Yunnan Mountains resource.
Invention content
To achieve the above object, the present invention makees the method for improving sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between providing a kind of corn soybean,
It is big to solve soil erosion intensity in the prior art, corrodes the problem of serious.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to make the method for improving sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean,
It is characterized in that, corn soybean row ratio presses 2:2 intercropping mode is planted, corn use wide-narrow row planting, wide row away from for
120-130cm, narrow row is away from for 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 20-25cm；In corn wide row away from middle plantation soybean, row between corn and soybean
Away from for 40-50cm, line-spacing is 35-40cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm between soybean.Then chemical fertilizer is applied to corn and soybean respectively.
The features of the present invention also characterized in that
During corn planting, 2~3 are sowed per the pool, the later stage stays 1 plant per the pool.
During soybean planting, 3~4 are sowed per the pool, the later stage stays 2 plants per the pool.
The dose of corn is：Per hectare applies the nitrogenous fertilizer of 200-300kg, the phosphate fertilizer of 80-120kg, 80-120kg in total
Potash fertilizer, wherein phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are disposably applied as base fertilizer, and 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer point does base manure, the top dressing of toy trumpet phase and big loudspeaker respectively
Phase top dressing is applied.
The dose of soybean is：Per hectare applies the potassium of the nitrogenous fertilizer of 40-80kg, the phosphate fertilizer of 80-120kg, 40-80kg in total
Fertilizer is disposably applied as base fertilizer.
Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer P2O5, potash fertilizer K2O。
The invention has the advantages that make the method for improving sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean of the present invention,
Corn soybean interplanting mode provides a feasible method for sloping upland red soil corrosion stability.Make between corn soybean
Overground part forms multistage coating under pattern, realizes and sunlight-heat reaources are maximally utilized, and shut off to the multi-buffer of raindrop work
With reducing the erosion kinetic to topsoil；Underground part forms intensive root system nerve of a covering, and root systems at different levels, especially the system of fibrous root is to soil
Aggregate winding package, increases topsoil soils corrosion stability；Different Crop is since it is with different physiological properties, to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Each nutrient forms temporal need complementarity, improves crop economical character, increases Household income.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is to make to improve the corn and Soybean Intercropping of the method for sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean of the present invention
The distribution map of plantation；
Fig. 2 is the destructive rate comparison diagram of different soils depth aggregate under identical cropping pattern；
Fig. 3 is the destructive rate comparison diagram of different land use patterns aggregate under identical depth of soil；
Fig. 4 is the corrosion stability index map of the soil under the soil layer different land use patterns of 0~10cm depth；
Fig. 5 is the corrosion stability index map of the soil under the soil layer different land use patterns of 10~20cm depth；
Fig. 6 is the solid native power change curve of soybean root system under different land use patterns；
Fig. 7 is the solid native power change curve of maize root system under different land use patterns.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without making creative work
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Make the method for improving sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, corn soybean row
Than pressing 2:2 intercropping mode is planted, and corn uses wide-narrow row planting, and wide row is away from for 120-130cm, and narrow row is away from for 40-
50cm, spacing in the rows 20-25cm；In corn wide row away from middle plantation soybean, line-spacing is 40-50cm between corn and soybean, is gone between soybean
Away from for 35-40cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm.Then chemical fertilizer is applied to corn and soybean respectively.
During corn planting, 2~3 are sowed per the pool, the later stage stays 1 plant per the pool.
During soybean planting, 3~4 are sowed per the pool, the later stage stays 2 plants per the pool.
The dose of corn is：Per hectare applies the nitrogenous fertilizer of 200-300kg, the phosphate fertilizer of 80-120kg, 80-120kg in total
Potash fertilizer, wherein phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are disposably applied as base fertilizer, and 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer point does base manure, the top dressing of toy trumpet phase and big loudspeaker respectively
Phase top dressing is applied.
The dose of soybean is：Per hectare applies the potassium of the nitrogenous fertilizer of 40-80kg, the phosphate fertilizer of 80-120kg, 40-80kg in total
Fertilizer is disposably applied as base fertilizer.
Nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer P2O5, potash fertilizer K2O.
To study influence of the crop root system to Slope Land in Yunnan Province soil erosion, with local main crops corn, greatly
Beans are test material, by field experiment, measure different land use patterns：Sole maize (MM), nonoculture soybean (SS), corn intercrop
Soybean (MS), and measure flow path surface, soil loss amount, crop biomass, soil aggregation under these three cropping patterns
The indexs such as body stability, Crop Root Morphology feature analyze relationship, the Crop Root Morphology of crop biomass and soil loss amount
Feature and soil aggregate stability and the relationship with soil loss amount.
1. soil moisture content and the soil moisture under different land use patterns
Different land use patterns have soil moisture content and temperature different degrees of influence, as can be seen from Table 1, each to handle
Soil moisture content it is descending for MS ＞ SS ＞ MM, and the soil moisture content of MS processing is noticeably greater than MM processing, improves
49%；Soil moisture difference is not notable.Illustrate, intercropping mode can increase soil moisture content compared with nonoculture pattern, can play certain
Water conservation moisture-keeping function.
The soil moisture and humidity under 1 different land use patterns of table
| Cropping pattern | Temperature (DEG C) | Humidity (%) |
| SS | 18.58a | 16.85ab |
| MS | 18.91a | 19.43a |
| MM | 19.35a | 13.04b |
2. run-off and soil loss amount under different land use patterns
The flow path surface and soil loss amount of different disposal are as shown in table 2, show different land use patterns run-off and
Soil loss amount has different, and the runoff volume of MS processing reduces 23.08% significantly less than SS processing；The soil of MS processing
Earth is lost in total amount less than SS, MM processing, significantly reduces 58.47% and 62.01% respectively.Illustrate, a work can reduce earth's surface
Run-off reduces soil loss amount.
The run-off and soil loss amount that 2 different land use patterns of table generate
3. the correlativity of run-off and soil loss amount
By making correlation analysis to run-off and soil loss amount, as can be seen from Table 3, soil loss amount is with runoff
The increase of amount and increase, and significant positive correlation.It can obtain, reducing soil erosion amount can be from reduction rainwash
Angle takes measures.
The run-off of 3 different land use patterns of table and the relationship of soil loss amount
4. the correlativity of run-off and soil moisture content
The run-off of different land use patterns and the relationship of soil moisture content are as shown in table 4, it is seen that, soil moisture content
With flow path surface in certain negative correlativing relation, and MS, SS, MM processing reach significant relation, make to accelerate between explanation
It is oozed under rainwater, rainwash is reduced while soil moisture content is increased.
The run-off of 4 different land use patterns of table and the relationship of soil moisture content
5. crop overground part, underground part biomass under different land use patterns
Table 5 shows that different land use patterns have a significant impact crop overground part and underground part biomass, and the ground of MS
Portion's biomass is maximum；The underground part biomass of MS is maximum, and the underground part biomass of MM is minimum.MS the upperground part biomass is than SS processing
Significantly improve 173.42%；MS underground parts biomass significantly improves 69.42% than what MM was handled.Illustrate, making can be with
Promote the growth of crop, improve the biomass of overground part, underground part.
The biomass of crops under 5 different land use patterns of table
6. the relationship of biomass and run-off
Compare the correlativity of run-off and biomass, as can be seen from Table 6, run-off and overground part biology, underground part
Biomass in certain negative correlativing relation, wherein, the upperground part biomass and run-off are up to significantly negatively correlated, MS, MM, processing
Underground part biomass reaches significantly negative correlation, and the correlation higher of MS with run-off.Illustrate, the upperground part biomass is given birth to underground part
Object amount each contributes to reduce rainwash, and the effect that the biomass made reduces runoff is more notable, and the advantage of overground part is brighter
It is aobvious.
The biomass of crops and the relationship of run-off under 6 different land use patterns of table
7. the relationship of biomass and soil loss amount
As can be seen from Table 7, biomass can not only reduce rainwash, also have a certain impact to soil loss amount.
Soil loss amount and overground part biology, the negatively correlated relationship of underground part biomass, wherein, underground part biomass is reached with run-off
Significantly negatively correlated, the upperground part biomass and run-off of SS, MS, MM processing reach significantly negatively correlated, the underground part biology of MS processing
Amount reaches extremely significantly negatively correlated with soil loss amount.Illustrate, the upperground part biomass can be reduced effectively with underground part biomass
Soil loss amount, and the advantage of underground part becomes apparent from, a work can preferably reduce soil loss amount.
The biomass of crops and the relationship of soil loss amount under 7 different land use patterns of table
8. the root distinction coefficient of each crop under different land use patterns
The morphological feature of root system mainly has root content, root long, root surface area, root volume and tip of a root number.In different planting dies
Under formula, the distribution results that Crop Root ties up to different depth soil layer are as shown in table 8：In different depth soil layer, the root dealt with
Long Root morphology parameter is all higher than nonoculture processing.In root content, root long, the root that 0-10cm depth soil layers, MS processing are handled compared with MM
Surface area, root volume, tip of a root number increase 227.08%, 76.65%, 121.58%, 86.04% and 86.11% respectively, compared with SS
Processing increases 29.22%, 21.21%, 113.18%, 46.72% and 51.68% respectively；In 10-20cm depth soil layers, MS
Processing increases 109.64%, 97.91%, 99.04%, 55.56% and respectively compared with the correspondence Root morphology parameter that MM is handled
118.73%, 39.20%, 61.05%, 41.44%, 12.32% and 59.48% is increased respectively compared with SS processing.Intercropping mode
In the range of different depth soil layer, each parameter is both greater than nonoculture pattern, and each parameter of 0-10cm depth soil layer intercropping modes is better than 10-
20cm depth soil layers, and the advantage of MS processing is more than MP processing.It can be seen that for root distinction coefficient, intercropping mode effect
Fruit is better than nonoculture pattern.
The Root Characteristics parameter of crops under 8 different land use patterns of table
9. the distribution of the soil w ater-stable aggregates under different land use patterns
The distribution of water-stable aggregate characterizes the quality of soil texture on the one hand.The soil water is steady under different land use patterns
The distribution such as table 9 of property aggregate, the results showed that, the content of ＞ 0.25mm aggregates is improved, reduces ＜ 0.25mm groups
The quantity of aggressiveness, the WSA of intercropping mode0.25Value is all higher than nonoculture pattern, in 0-10cm soil layers, the WSA of MS processing0.25Value with SS,
The difference of MM processing increases 29.58%, 66.01% respectively up to the level of signifiance compared with SS, MM processing.In 10-20cm soil layers, MS
The WSA of processing0.25Value and the difference of MM processing reach the level of signifiance, and 42.28% is increased compared with MM processing.Make between as can be seen that
The quality of soil agreegate is improved to a certain extent.
The percentage composition (%) of each grain size water-stable aggregate under 9 crops different land use patterns of table
10. the destructive rate of aggregate under different land use patterns
Aggregate destructive rate can react soil aggregate stability well, soil agreegate under different land use patterns
Destructive rate is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.As can be seen that in the soil layer of 0-10cm, at the soil agreegate destructive rate and MM and SS that MS is handled
Significant difference is managed, MS processing reduces 42.22% and 26.40% respectively compared with MM and SS processing soil agreegate destructive rates, at SS
The PAD values of reason significantly reduce 21.48% compared with MM.In the soil layer of 10-20cm, the PAD values of MS processing and the difference of SS, MM processing
It is different notable, 16.67% and 22.75% are reduced respectively.It can be seen that intercropping mode significantly reduces soil group compared with nonoculture pattern
The destructive rate of aggressiveness.Comparison MS processing reduces respectively compared with MM, SS processing PAD values in 0-10cm and 10-20cm soil layers
42.22%th, 26.40% and 16.67% and 22.75%, it is found that the range of decrease of aggregate destructive rate in 0-10cm soil layers becomes apparent from.
11. aggregate destructive rate and WSA0.25Correlativity
The destructive rate of aggregate and soil texture have certain relationship, and WSA0.25It is the superior index of soil texture.
As can be seen from Table 10, the destructive rate of aggregate is with WSA0.25Increase and reduce, in notable negative correlativing relation, in 0-10cm
Soil layer, WSA0.25With aggregate destructive rate up to extremely significantly negatively correlated, 10-20cm soil layers, the WSA that SS, MS are handled0.25With aggregate
Destructive rate reaches significantly negative correlation, wherein, the correlation made is better than nonoculture pattern.Illustrate, increase soil ＞ 0.25mm aggregates
Amount, the destructive rate of aggregate can be reduced, a work can dramatically increase WSA0.25Amount, reduce aggregate destructive rate, and 0-
The effect of the soil layer of 10cm is better than 10-20cm soil layers.
The destructive rate and WSA of soil agreegate under 10 different land use patterns of table0.25Relationship
12. the index against corrosion of the soil under different land use patterns
As can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5, the erosion durability of soil index under the soil layer of same depth, different land use patterns with
Downward trend is presented, and downward trend is in first gentle, then rapidly in the passage for the time, rear gentle changing rule.At 0-2 points
Clock, erosion durability of soil index are not much different, 3-7 minutes, and the corrosion stability of soil reduces rapidly, 8-10 minutes, soil it is against corrosion
Property again be in gentle state.The corrosion stability of intercropping mode is superior to nonoculture pattern, and the soil of instruction sheet operation mode is compared with making mould
Formula is easier to be etched；Under nonoculture pattern, the corrosion stability of corn nonoculture is less than soybean nonoculture, it may be possible to due to the root system pair of soybean
The improvement of soil texture is better than corn nonoculture.The corrosion stability index decreased trend of 10-20cm soil layer soil is more than 0-10cm soil layers,
May be since the distribution of 0-10cm soil layers crop root is more, caused by enhancing soil aggregation weight.
13. the solid native power of soybean root system under different land use patterns
As seen from Figure 6, when being applied to one constant load of sample prescription, apparent displacement just occurs for sample prescription.In different soil layers,
The displacement of MS is respectively less than SS when applying same load；In different disposal, when applying same load, 0-10cm soil layer soil-likes
It is less than the sample prescription of 10-20cm soil layers under the displacement of side, when load is 2.5KN, the displacement of MS processing 0-10cm soil layer sample prescriptions is
The displacement of 15mm, 10-20cm soil layer sample prescription is 16mm, and the displacement of SS processing 0-10cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 21mm, 10-20cm soil layers
The displacement of sample prescription is 18mm.Work can improve the solid native power of soybean root system between explanation.
14. the solid native power of maize root system under different land use patterns
As seen from Figure 7, the displacement law of sample prescription and soybean is similar.In different soil layers, when applying same load
When MS processing displacement be less than MM；Under different land use patterns, when applying same load, the position of 0-10cm soil layer soil sample prescriptions
It moves and is respectively less than 10-20cm soil layers.When load is 2.7KN, the displacement of MS processing 0-10cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 20mm, 10-20cm
The displacement of soil layer sample prescription is 23mm, and the displacement of MM processing 0-10cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 31mm, and the displacement of 10-20cm soil layer sample prescriptions is
27mm.Work can improve the solid native power of maize root system between explanation.
15. the relationship of Root Characteristics and aggregate destructive rate under different land use patterns
Under different land use patterns, crop root system feature and the correlation of aggregate destructive rate are as shown in table 11.In 0-
In the range of 10cm soil layers, the root contents of different land use patterns, root long, root surface area and aggregate destructive rate correlativity reach
It is significantly negatively correlated, and root volume is only and the aggregate destructive rate of MS processing is up to significantly negatively correlated, illustrate the destructive rate of aggregate with
Root content, root long, the relationship of root surface area are closer, and with the optimization of each index, and the destructive rate of aggregate is significantly dropped
It is low.The correlativity of the Root Characteristics and aggregate destructive rate of MS processing is more more significant than what nonoculture was handled, illustrates crop intercropping
With aggregate destructive rate is reduced, increase the effect of soil aggregate stability.In the range of 10-20cm soil layers, MS processing
Root content, root surface area, the root surface area of SS processing and the destructive rate of aggregate are significantly negatively correlated, and each parameter is destroyed with aggregate
The related coefficient of rate is smaller compared with the correlation of 0-10cm soil layers, and illustrate root system reduction aggregate destructive rate acts on 0-10cm soil
The effect of layer becomes apparent from.Under different soil layer, intercropping mode the Root Characteristics of crop and root content, root long, root surface area with
Aggregate destructive rate is more notable than the correlativity under nonoculture pattern, illustrates that the root long of crop under intercropping mode is longer, root content
More, root surface area bigger, soil texture more consolidation are significantly less than nonoculture pattern so as to the destructive rate of aggregate.
Crop root system feature and the correlativity of aggregate destructive rate under 11 different land use patterns of table
16. crop root system feature and the relationship of soil loss amount under different land use patterns
Under different land use patterns, crop root system feature and the correlation of aggregate destructive rate are as shown in table 12.In 0-
In the range of 10cm soil layers, the root contents of different land use patterns, root long, root surface area and aggregate destructive rate correlativity reach
It is significantly negatively correlated, and root volume is only and the aggregate destructive rate of MS processing is up to significantly negatively correlated, illustrate the destructive rate of aggregate with
Root content, root long, the relationship of root surface area are closer, and with the optimization of each index, and the destructive rate of aggregate is significantly dropped
It is low.The correlativity of the Root Characteristics and aggregate destructive rate of MS processing is more more significant than what nonoculture was handled, illustrates crop intercropping
With aggregate destructive rate is reduced, increase the effect of soil aggregate stability.In the range of 10-20cm soil layers, MS processing
Root content, root surface area, the root surface area of SS processing and the destructive rate of aggregate are significantly negatively correlated, and each parameter is destroyed with aggregate
The related coefficient of rate is smaller compared with the correlation of 0-10cm soil layers, and illustrate root system reduction aggregate destructive rate acts on 0-10cm soil
The effect of layer becomes apparent from.Under different soil layer, intercropping mode the Root Characteristics of crop and root content, root long, root surface area with
Aggregate destructive rate is more notable than the correlativity under nonoculture pattern, illustrates that the root long of crop under intercropping mode is longer, root content
More, root surface area bigger, soil texture more consolidation are significantly less than nonoculture pattern so as to the destructive rate of aggregate.
Crop root system feature and the relationship of soil loss amount under 12 different land use patterns of table
17. the yield of crop under different land use patterns
By counting planting density and single plant yield of the crop under different land use patterns, calculate each under different land use patterns
The yield of crop is as shown in table 13, then is computed obtaining, income when nonoculture soybean, corn is respectively 57809.93 yuan,
14030.79, income during corn intercrop soybean is 58481.89 yuan.The income of corn intercrop soybean is than corn nonoculture and soybean
Nonoculture is higher by 76.01% and 1.16% respectively.The economic value made between explanation is than nonoculture higher.
The yield of crop under 13 different land use patterns of table
Main research has：
1. for crops to reducing rainwash, increasing soil moisture content has facilitation, work is than this effect of nonoculture
Should significantly, the distribution of the soil moisture ratio corn nonoculture of corn intercrop soybean improves 49% and 38.11%.Corn intercrop
The rainwash total amount of soybean significantly reduces 23.08% compared with soybean nonoculture；The soil losses total amount of corn intercrop soybean is larger
Beans nonoculture, corn nonoculture significantly reduce 58.47% and 62.01% respectively.And soil loss amount and run-off are in notable positive
It closes, soil moisture content is with run-off in significantly negatively correlated.
2. different land use patterns have a significant impact crop overground part and underground part biomass, on corn intercrop soybeans
Portion's biomass significantly improves 173.42% than what soybean nonoculture was handled；Corn intercrop soybean underground part biomass is than corn nonoculture
Processing significantly improves 69.42%.The upperground part biomass, underground part biomass and flow path surface and soil loss amount are in
Notable negative correlativing relation.
3. under different land use patterns, significant changes occur for crop root system distribution.In different depth soil layer, deal with
Root long Root morphology parameter be all higher than nonoculture processing.In 0-10cm depth soil layers, corn intercrop soybean contains compared with corn nonoculture
Root amount, root long, root surface area, root volume, tip of a root number increase 227.08%, 76.65%, 121.58%, 86.04% and respectively
86.11%, 29.22%, 21.21%, 113.18%, 46.72% and 51.68% is increased respectively compared with soybean nonoculture；In 10-
20cm depth soil layers, corn intercrop soybean Root morphology parameter corresponding compared with corn nonoculture increases 109.64% respectively,
97.91%th, 99.04%, 55.56% and 118.73%, increase 39.20% respectively compared with soybean nonoculture, 61.05%,
41.44%th, 12.32% and 59.48%.
Make that soil texture can be improved between 4., make the quantity of ＞ 0.25mm aggregates between 0-10cm soil layers, corn soybean
29.58%, 66.01% is increased respectively compared with soybean nonoculture, corn nonoculture, makees ＞ between 10-20cm soil layers, corn soybean
The quantity of 0.25mm aggregates increases 42.28% compared with corn nonoculture；The soil index against corrosion of 0-10cm soil layer intercropping modes is shown
It writes and is more than nonoculture pattern, the anti-dispersibility of grogs is strong；In 0-10cm soil layers, corn intercrop soybean is compared with corn nonoculture and soybean list
Make aggregate destructive rate reduces 42.22% and 26.40% respectively；In the soil layer of 10-20cm, the reunion of corn intercrop soybean
Body destructive rate significantly reduces 16.67% and 22.75% respectively compared with soybean nonoculture, corn nonoculture.Aggregate stability and root system
Morphological feature is in notable positive correlation.
5. the solid native ability of crop root system is not quite similar under different land use patterns, the solid soil of crop root under intercropping mode
Power is remarkably reinforced.When load is 2.5KN, the solid native power of soybean root system is embodied in：Corn intercrop soybean 0-10cm soil layers
The displacement of sample prescription is 15mm, and the displacement of 10-20cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 16mm, and the displacement of soybean nonoculture 0-10cm soil layer sample prescriptions is
The displacement of 21mm, 10-20cm soil layer sample prescription is 18mm；When load is 2.7KN, the solid native power of maize root system is embodied in：
The displacement of corn intercrop soybean 0-10cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 20mm, and the displacement of 10-20cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 23mm, corn nonoculture 0-
The displacement of 10cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 31mm, and the displacement of 10-20cm soil layer sample prescriptions is 27mm.
6. income when nonoculture soybean, corn is respectively 57809.93 yuan, 14030.79 yuan, receipts during corn intercrop soybean
Enter is 58481.89 yuan.The income of corn intercrop soybean is higher by 76.01% and 1.16% respectively than corn nonoculture and soybean nonoculture.
Within crops entire breeding time, work, corn nonoculture, soybean nonoculture processing runoff yield are respectively between corn soybean
38.52m3/hm2、32.52m3/hm2、50.08m3/hm2, soil erosion amount is respectively 0.49t/hm2、1.29t/hm2、1.18t/
hm2, maize intercropping, sole maize, make soybean, nonoculture soybean processing yield is respectively 6835.53kg/hm2、6681.33kg/
hm2、6687.03kg/hm2、9967.23kg/hm2.According to 100,000 hm of popularizing area2It calculates, former corn nonoculture and soybean nonoculture kind
It is 1 to plant area ratio:1,27.8 ten thousand m of soil erosion amount can be reduced every year3, 7.45 ten thousand t of quantity of sand and mud, according to corn unit price 2.1 yuan/
Kg, 5.8 yuan/kg of soybean unit price are calculated, and can increase by 22.6 hundred million yuan of Household income.
Soil-like side's shift offset measures the method using solid native pulling force in-site detecting, the specific steps are：
In the crop maturity phase, the representative corn and soybean plant of each cell is chosen, its overground part is removed, with plant
Centered on root system, 30 × 30 × 10 radical operators of 0-10cm, 10-20cm topsoil are excavated respectively, respectively in 0-10cm, 10-
Self-control shearing case is inserted in 20cm topsoil radical operators, shearing case size is 30 × 30 × 10, surrounding thickness 1cm steel plate systems
Into, it is constantly pressurizeed to radical operators by steel plate using axis force of anchor, record load (KN) and displacement (cm), making F-S
Curve reflects the relationship between load (KN) and displacement (cm), so as to illustrating the power of topsoil soils corrosion stability.
There are one 4m × 10cm × 10cm catch basins for each cell lower part tool, are covered with iron sheet, and iron sheet is towards at the top of cell
3cm is raised in side, and catch basin middle lower portion is there are one 1m × 1m × 1m concreting settling pits, face catch basin in settling pit
The bucket that a capacity is 100L is put for collecting runoff and soil erosion amount in outlet.
The bucket for collecting runoff is standard round platform, and water leads to bottom radius for a, and it is b to collect runoff water radius surface, collects runoff
The depth of water is h, and runoff yield is calculated according to round platform cubature formula.
It can be seen that make the method for improving sloping upland red soil corrosion stability according between a kind of corn soybean of the present invention, by corn
Soybean Intercropping can effectively improve sloping upland red soil and make article holder soil capacity, reduce production stream number, total runoff yield soil erosion
Amount increases Household income.Huge ecological benefits and social economic effect are brought for locality.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so within the spirit and principles in the present invention are all contained in the protection model of the present invention
It encloses.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between corn soybean, which is characterized in that corn soybean row ratio presses 2:2
Intercropping mode planted, corn uses wide-narrow row planting, and wide row is away from for 120-130cm, and narrow row is away from for 40-50cm, spacing in the rows
For 20-25cm；In corn wide row away from middle plantation soybean, line-spacing is 40-50cm between corn and soybean, and line-spacing is 35- between soybean
40cm, spacing in the rows 10-15cm.Then chemical fertilizer is applied to corn and soybean respectively.
2. the method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean according to claim 1, feature exist
When, the corn planting, 2~3 are sowed per the pool, the later stage stays 1 plant per the pool.
3. the method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean according to claim 1, feature exist
When, the soybean planting, 3-4 are sowed per the pool, the later stage often stays 2 plants in the pool.
4. the method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean according to claim 1, feature exist
In the dose of the corn is：Per hectare applies the potassium of the nitrogenous fertilizer of 200-300kg, the phosphate fertilizer of 80-120kg, 80-120kg in total
Fertilizer, wherein phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are disposably applied as base fertilizer, and 3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer point does base manure, the top dressing of toy trumpet phase and typhon respectively
Phase top dressing is applied.
5. the method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean according to claim 1, feature exist
In the dose of the soybean is：Per hectare applies the potash fertilizer of the nitrogenous fertilizer of 40-80kg, the phosphate fertilizer of 80-120kg, 40-80kg in total,
Disposably applied as base fertilizer.
6. the method for making to improve sloping upland red soil corrosion stability between a kind of corn soybean according to claim 4 and 5, feature
It is, the nitrogenous fertilizer is purity nitrogen, and the phosphate fertilizer is P2O5, the potash fertilizer is K2O。
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| CN116458396A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-07-21 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所 | Construction method of water-collecting anti-corrosion plough layer of hillside farmland |
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Application publication date: 20180710 |