CN108243652B - Seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
Seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and provides a seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacles, aiming at solving the problems that the yield of quinoa continuous cropping plants is reduced and serious continuous cropping obstacles exist at present. Screening seed disinfection, parcel microbial spore powder, parcel inflation layer, the parcel absorb water the layer shaping can, add the microbial spore powder of alleviating the planting of chenopodium quinoa stubble, breed under the appropriate circumstances of environmental condition, improve the soil microenvironment, the reconsitution is fit for the microenvironment that chenopodium quinoa grows, can effectively solve the problem that chenopodium quinoa stubble was planted again, alleviates the nervous current situation of land resource. The cost is low, the labor force is saved, the pesticide and the chemical fertilizer are not involved, the environment is not polluted, and the green pollution-free cultivation of the quinoa is ensured. Can effectively relieve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of quinoa, the seeding depth of continuous cropping planting is 3-4cm, the root depth reaches 25cm when the quinoa is mature, the uniformity of plants is good, and the yield is recovered to 95-97% of that of the quinoa planted in the first year. The method is also suitable for planting in the first year and planting in many years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle, which overcomes the quinoa continuous cropping obstacle.
Background
Chenopodium quinoa is a traditional south American crop, has stronger stress resistance, is a 'mother of grain' and 'nutritional gold' due to comprehensive and balanced nutrition, particularly is rich in protein, vitamins, mineral elements and the like, is rapidly developed since 2010, and brings great economic benefit to local farmers, and since 2016, Shanxi, inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Yunnan, Hebei and other provinces are planted in large areas, but under the driving of economic benefit, farmers continue to plant in the same land, although the yield is rapidly reduced, the serious consequences such as dead production are finally caused, and the plant diseases and insect pests are aggravated rapidly due to continuous cropping of root maggots, leaf flies, cone weevils and other diseases and insect pests, which are more than two years, thus basically causing dead production.
Therefore, a large number of researchers have conducted relevant researches, the effect is not obvious after measures such as soil disinfection and base fertilizer application are taken, crop continuous cropping obstacles are problems existing in the world, the reason is affected by various factors (root secretions, allelopathy, soil micro-ecological environment change and soil-borne diseases), quinoa is introduced into crops, the relevant researches are few, particularly the root secretions and the soil micro-ecological environment change, no data can be referred to at present, and beneficial microorganisms contained in certain microbial fertilizers possibly have obvious effects under laboratory environment conditions due to uncertainty of field environment, but the beneficial microorganisms are difficult to survive in the field environment.
Therefore, reports about solving or relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacles are not provided so far, and some reports about treatment technologies for promoting quinoa germination rate are provided, but only water absorption is involved to increase the germination rate of quinoa, and certain pollution is caused to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seed treatment method for relieving chenopodium quinoa continuous cropping obstacles, aiming at solving the problems that the yield of the conventional chenopodium quinoa continuous cropping planting is reduced and serious continuous cropping obstacles exist.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle comprises the steps of screening and sterilizing seeds, coating microbial spore powder, coating an expansion layer and forming a water absorbing layer, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) screening seeds and sterilizing: screening high-yield, high-purity and plump quinoa seeds, soaking for 5min with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, washing for 3-4 times with sterile deionized water, and quickly drying;
(2) packaging microbial spore powder: the sterilized quinoa seeds are wrapped with microbial spore powder, the microbial spore powder is 3 layers, beneficial microbial spore powder is tightly attached to the quinoa seeds, degraded microbial spore powder is arranged in the middle, and spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacles is arranged outside the quinoa seeds; the beneficial microorganism spore powder comprises the following components: bacillus mucilaginosus (B.), (B.mucilaginosus)Bacillus mucilaginosus) Bacillus cereus (B.cereus)Bacillus cereus.Frankland) And Azotobacter vinelandii (f) ((v))Azotobacter vinelandii Lipman) The bacterial powder is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 1: 0.5, mixing, and then wrapping the mixed bacterium powder outside the quinoa seeds by using an adhesive, wherein the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterium powder is 10-12: 1; the degradable microbial spore powder is bacillus subtilis SL-13 (B)Bacillus subtilis) Escherichia coli (E.coli) ((Escherichia coli) The weight ratio of the bacterial powder is 1.5: 2, mixing, and then wrapping the mixed bacterial powder outside the beneficial microorganism spore powder by using an adhesive, wherein the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterial powder is 10-12: 1; the spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacle is ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia (A)Pseudonocardiasp) Phosphorus-solubilizing Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger sp.L-1) The weight ratio of the bacterial powder is 1.5:1, mixing, and then wrapping the mixed bacterial powder outside the degraded microbial spore powder by using an adhesive, wherein the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterial powder is 10-12: 1;
(3) the coating expansion layer is as follows: mixing the adhesive and the bentonite according to the weight ratio of 1-2:10, and wrapping the mixture outside the microbial spore powder;
(4) wrapping a water absorption layer: the water absorption layer is: salicylic acid, poly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in a weight ratio of 1: 10: 2, mixing and wrapping the outer side of the expansion layer;
(5) molding: the wrapped quinoa seed pills comprise 1-2 quinoa seeds per pill.
In the microbial spore powder: the spore number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is more than or equal to 50 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of azotobacter vinelandii is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus cereus is not less than 20 × 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of Escherichia coli is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of the phosphate-solubilizing Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of live bacteria of ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g. The method for culturing Escherichia coli comprises the following steps: inoculating 1ml of Escherichia coli into 1000ml of LB liquid culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ with shaking and pH =7.0, wherein the bacterial number in the solution is more than or equal to 20 × 109Adding 100g of palygorskite and bacterial liquid when the concentration is CFU/ml, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, and drying the precipitate at 37 ℃ to prepare spore powder for later use; the method for culturing the ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia comprises the following steps: adding 1ml of ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia into 1000ml of 2216E liquid culture medium, performing shake culture at 35 deg.C with pH =8.5, and culturing the bacteria in the solution at a concentration of not less than 20 × 109Adding 100g of palygorskite and bacterial liquid when the concentration is CFU/ml, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, and drying the precipitate at 37 ℃ to obtain spore powder for later use.
The thickness of the beneficial microorganism spore powder is 1-2mm, the thickness of the degraded microorganism spore powder is 1-2mm, and the thickness of the spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacle is 3-5 mm; the thickness of the expansion layer is 2-3 mm; the thickness of the water absorption layer is 4-6 mm; the size of the quinoa wheat seed pill is 8-15 times of that of a single seed.
Various microbial agents in the microbial spore powder are purchased from the market, and the number of the viable bacteria is more than or equal to 109CFU/g; wherein the Escherichia coli and Pseudonocardia ammoxidation are purchased from lyophilized powder of North Naorganism, and are used after activation culture.
In the strains: bacillus mucilaginosus: after the plant growth stimulant and various enzymes are propagated in soil, the plant growth stimulant and various enzymes are secreted to enhance the resistance of crops to some diseases and inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria. Promote the transformation and increase of ineffective phosphorus and potassium in soilAdding soil phosphorus and potassium to increase crop yield, with spore number not less than 50 × 109CFU/g; azotobacter vinelandii: the nitrogen in the air can be fixed under the condition of separation so as to meet the requirement of nitrogen for crops, and the nitrogen fixing capability is strong. The number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; bacillus cereus: can produce antibacterial substances, inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, degrade the nutrient components in the soil and improve the ecological environment. Good growth can be achieved at a temperature of 25-50 ℃ and a pH value of 3.0-9.0. The number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; b, bacillus subtilis: active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin, gramicidin and the like generated in the growth process have obvious inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria; the number of viable bacteria is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 109CFU/g; escherichia coli: degrading the water absorbent, and culturing: inoculating 1ml of Escherichia coli into 1000ml of LB liquid culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ with shaking and pH =7.0, wherein the bacterial number in the solution is more than or equal to 20 × 109Adding palygorskite and bacterial liquid at CFU/ml, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging, and drying to obtain spore powder; phosphate solubilizing aspergillus niger: converting organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in soil into soluble phosphorus for absorption by quinoa, wherein the viable count is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; pseudonocardia ammoxidation: NH in soil4 +And NO2 -Conversion to N2And the culture conditions are as follows: adding 1ml of ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia into 1000ml of 2216E liquid culture medium, performing shake culture at 35 deg.C with pH =8.5, and culturing the bacteria in the solution at a concentration of not less than 20 × 109Adding palygorskite and bacterial liquid at CFU/g, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging, and drying to obtain spore powder; bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus cereus, azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudonocardia ammoxiae and phosphate-solubilizing Aspergillus niger are purchased from the conventional market, wherein the Pseudonocardia ammoxiae and the Escherichia coli are purchased freeze-dried powder and used after activated culture.
The expansion layer is mainly composed of bentonite, and is wrapped outside the spore powder layer for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle by using an adhesive. The bentonite expands to loosen soil after absorbing water, and is beneficial to seed emergence. The water absorbing layer is wrapped outside the expansion layer and is prepared from salicylic acid, poly (2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and polyvinyl alcohol according to the weight ratio of 1: 10: 2, mixing; the polyvinyl alcohol film forming structure is wrapped outside, has mechanical pressure resistance, protects seeds and microbial spore powder from being damaged, and simultaneously can also provide a carbon source for microbial propagation. The round chenopodium quinoa pills formed after treatment contain 1-2 seeds, the size of the round chenopodium quinoa pills is 8-15 times of that of a single seed, the round chenopodium quinoa pills are suitable for single-seed sowing, the seeds are directly sown in the sowing period without considering soil moisture content, the seeds automatically germinate and emerge according to rainfall after sowing, the emergence is uniform, and a large amount of labor force is saved.
According to the seed treatment method for relieving the chenopodium quinoa continuous cropping obstacle, the microbial spore powder for relieving the chenopodium quinoa continuous cropping planting is added, the breeding is carried out under the condition of proper environmental conditions, the soil microenvironment is improved, the microbial microenvironment suitable for the growth of chenopodium quinoa is reconstructed, the problem of the chenopodium quinoa continuous cropping planting can be effectively solved, and the current situation of land resource shortage is relieved.
Under the condition of small rainfall, the water absorbed by the water absorption layer is only used for relieving the microbial spore powder layer with continuous cropping obstacles after being permeated by the expansion layer for propagation, the soil environment is improved without influencing the seeds, the seeds can germinate only under the condition of ensuring sufficient rainfall, the germination rate of the seeds is effectively ensured, and the cost is reduced. The invention uses the mixture of the water absorbent salicylic acid and the poly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, can automatically degrade besides strong water absorption capacity, and is assisted with degrading microbial spore powder, the degradation period is about 3 months, the stress resistance of the quinoa in the early stage is not strong, and the stress resistance of the quinoa in the 2 months is very strong, so that the water absorbent has no influence on the growth of the quinoa after degradation, and has no pollution to the environment. The expansion layer is assisted in the water absorption layer, the soil is loosened through expansion after water absorption, deep sowing and seedling emergence of seeds are facilitated, and later-stage growth of the chenopodium quinoa is facilitated as the root system goes deep into the ground. Experiments show that the depth of the root system is deeper than that of the conventionally planted root system.
The method solves the problem of reduced yield of the continuous cropping planting of the chenopodium quinoa willd, has low cost, saves labor force, does not relate to pesticides and fertilizers, has no pollution to the environment, and ensures green and pollution-free cultivation of the chenopodium quinoa willd. Can effectively relieve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of quinoa, the seeding depth of continuous cropping planting is 3-4cm, the root depth reaches 25cm when the quinoa is mature, the uniformity of plants is good, and the yield is recovered to 95-97% of that of the quinoa planted in the first year. The invention is also suitable for planting in the first year and planting in many years.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of 16S rRNA gene V4 region sequencing and cluster analysis of Chenopodium quinoa rhizosphere microorganisms planted in the first year and in continuous cropping.
Detailed Description
Example 1: a seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle comprises the steps of screening and sterilizing seeds, coating microbial spore powder, coating an expansion layer, and coating a water absorption layer for forming, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) screening seeds and sterilizing: screening high-yield, high-purity and plump quinoa seeds, soaking for 5min with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, washing for 3-4 times with sterile deionized water, and quickly drying;
(2) packaging microbial spore powder: the sterilized quinoa seeds are wrapped with microbial spore powder, the microbial spore powder is 3 layers, beneficial microbial spore powder is tightly attached to the quinoa seeds, degraded microbial spore powder is arranged in the middle, and spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacles is arranged outside the quinoa seeds; the beneficial microorganism spore powder comprises the following components: bacillus mucilaginosus (B.), (B.mucilaginosus)Bacillus mucilaginosus) Bacillus cereus (B.cereus)Bacillus cereus.Frankland) And Azotobacter vinelandii (f) ((v))Azotobacter vinelandii Lipman) The bacterial powder is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 1: 0.5, mixing, and then wrapping the seeds with an adhesive, wherein the thickness of the adhesive is 2mm, and the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterial powder is 10-12: 1; the degradable microbial spore powder is bacillus subtilis SL-13 (B)Bacillus subtilis) Escherichia coli (E.coli) ((Escherichia coli) The weight ratio of the bacterial powder is 1.5: 2, mixing, and then wrapping the beneficial microorganism spore powder layer with an adhesive, wherein the thickness of the beneficial microorganism spore powder layer is 1mm, and the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterial powder is 10-12: 1; the spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacle is ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia (A)Pseudonocardiasp) Phosphorus-solubilizing Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger sp.L-1) The weight ratio of the bacterial powder is 1.5:1 mixing, then wrapping the outside of a degraded microbial spore powder layer by using an adhesive, wherein the thickness of the outside is 3mm, and the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterial powder is10-12: 1; various microbial inocula are purchased from the market; wherein the Escherichia coli and Pseudonocardia ammoxidation are purchased from lyophilized powder of North Naorganism, and are used after activation culture. The spore number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is more than or equal to 50 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of azotobacter vinelandii is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus cereus is not less than 20 × 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of Escherichia coli is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of the phosphate-solubilizing Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of live bacteria of ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g。
The method for culturing Escherichia coli comprises the following steps: inoculating 1ml of Escherichia coli into 1000ml of LB liquid culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ with shaking and pH =7.0, wherein the bacterial number in the solution is more than or equal to 20 × 109Adding 100g of palygorskite and bacterial liquid when the concentration is CFU/ml, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, and drying the precipitate at 37 ℃ to prepare spore powder for later use; the method for culturing the ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia comprises the following steps: adding 1ml of ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia into 1000ml of 2216E liquid culture medium, performing shake culture at 35 deg.C with pH =8.5, and culturing the bacteria in the solution at a concentration of not less than 20 × 109Adding 100g of palygorskite and bacterial liquid when the concentration is CFU/ml, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, and drying the precipitate at 37 ℃ to obtain spore powder for later use.
(3) The coating expansion layer is as follows: mixing the adhesive and the bentonite according to the weight ratio of 1:10, and coating the mixture outside the microbial spore powder with the thickness of 2 mm;
(4) wrapping a water absorption layer: the water absorption layer is: salicylic acid, poly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in a weight ratio of 1: 10: 2, mixing, and wrapping the outer side of the expansion layer with the thickness of 4 mm; the polyvinyl alcohol film forming structure is wrapped outside, has mechanical pressure resistance, protects seeds and microbial spore powder from being damaged, and simultaneously can also provide a carbon source for microbial propagation.
(5) Molding: the coated quinoa wheat seed pills comprise 1 quinoa seed in each pill, and the size of each pill is 8 times of that of a single seed.
Sowing: conventional soil preparation is carried out after planting in the first year, single-seed sowing is carried out in a sowing period, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, the soil moisture is preserved under light pressure, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm. The yield per mu is 243 +/-10 kg.
Example 2: a seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle comprises the steps of screening and sterilizing seeds, coating microbial spore powder, coating an expansion layer, and coating a water absorption layer for forming, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
packaging microbial spore powder: the sterilized quinoa seeds are wrapped with microbial spore powder, the microbial spore powder is 3 layers, beneficial microbial spore powder is tightly attached to the quinoa seeds, the thickness of the beneficial microbial spore powder is 1.5mm, degraded microbial spore powder is arranged in the middle of the quinoa seeds, the thickness of the beneficial microbial spore powder is 2mm, spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacle is arranged outside the quinoa seeds, and the thickness of the beneficial microbial spore powder is 4 mm; the coating expansion layer is as follows: mixing the adhesive and the bentonite according to the weight ratio of 2:10, and coating the mixture outside the microbial spore powder with the thickness of 2.5 mm; wrapping a water absorption layer: the water absorption layer is: salicylic acid, poly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in a weight ratio of 1: 10: 2, mixing, and wrapping the outer side of the expansion layer with the thickness of 6 mm; the polyvinyl alcohol film forming structure is wrapped outside, has mechanical pressure resistance, protects seeds and microbial spore powder from being damaged, and simultaneously can also provide a carbon source for microbial propagation. Molding: the coated quinoa wheat seed pills comprise 2 quinoa seeds in each seed pill, and the size of the quinoa wheat seed pills is 15 times of that of a single seed. The rest of the procedure was the same as described in example 1.
Sowing: conventional soil preparation is carried out after planting in the first year, single-seed sowing is carried out in a sowing period, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, the soil moisture is preserved under light pressure, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm. The yield per mu is 253 +/-10 kg.
Example 3: a seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle comprises the steps of screening and sterilizing seeds, coating microbial spore powder, coating an expansion layer, and coating a water absorption layer for forming, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
packaging microbial spore powder: the sterilized quinoa seeds are wrapped with microbial spore powder, the microbial spore powder is 3 layers, beneficial microbial spore powder is tightly attached to the quinoa seeds, the thickness of the beneficial microbial spore powder is 1mm, degraded microbial spore powder is arranged in the middle, the thickness of the degraded microbial spore powder is 1.5mm, spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacle is arranged outside, and the thickness of the spore powder is 5 mm; the coating expansion layer is as follows: mixing the adhesive and the bentonite according to the weight ratio of 1.5:10, and coating the mixture outside the microbial spore powder with the thickness of 3 mm; wrapping a water absorption layer: the water absorption layer is: salicylic acid, poly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in a weight ratio of 1: 10: 2, mixing, and wrapping the outer side of the expansion layer with the thickness of 5 mm; the polyvinyl alcohol film forming structure is wrapped outside, has mechanical pressure resistance, protects seeds and microbial spore powder from being damaged, and simultaneously can also provide a carbon source for microbial propagation. Molding: the coated quinoa wheat seed pills comprise 2 quinoa seeds in each seed pill, and the size of each seed pill is 12 times of that of a single seed. The rest of the procedure was the same as described in example 1.
Sowing: conventional soil preparation is carried out after planting in the first year, single-seed sowing is carried out in a sowing period, the sowing depth is 3-4cm, the soil moisture is preserved under light pressure, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm. The yield per mu is 273 + -10 kg.
Experimental example 1: the quinoa continuous cropping obstacle-relieving microbial flora is characterized in that 16S rRNA gene V4 region sequencing is carried out on quinoa rhizosphere microorganisms planted in the first year and in continuous cropping, the result of cluster analysis is shown in figure 1, and the result shows that: after continuous cropping, diversity of the bacteria such as the genera ethidium (lentzia), Lysobacter (Lysobacter), Mesorhizobium (Mesorhizobium), and comamonas (Polaromonas) is increased, and the diversity of the bacteria such as the genera Mycobacterium (Mycobacterium), luteomonas (Luteimonas), and Gemminomas (Planctomyces) is reduced, so that the diversity of the bacteria is supplemented, antagonism is generated on the bacteria increased after continuous cropping, and the soil microenvironment is restored, and the continuous cropping obstacle is relieved.
Experimental example 2: different treatments compare the experimental results: four treatments are designed in the experiment, wherein the treatment 1 is planting in the 1 st year, the treatment 2 is continuous cropping planting, the treatment three is continuous cropping planting after seed treatment by adopting the method of the invention, the treatment four is planting in the 1 st year after seed treatment by adopting the method of the invention, each treatment is repeated for three times, and the planting time and the fertilizing amount are consistent. The result shows that the sowing depth of continuous cropping planting is 3-4cm, the root depth reaches 25cm when the plant is mature, the uniformity of the plant is better, and the yield is recovered to 95-97% of that of the planting in the first year. The invention is also suitable for planting in the first year and planting in many years.
Claims (4)
1. A seed treatment method for relieving quinoa continuous cropping obstacle comprises the steps of screening and sterilizing seeds, coating microbial spore powder, coating an expansion layer, and coating a water absorption layer for forming, and is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) screening seeds and sterilizing: screening high-yield, high-purity and plump quinoa seeds, soaking for 5min with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, washing for 3-4 times with sterile deionized water, and quickly drying;
(2) packaging microbial spore powder: the sterilized quinoa seeds are wrapped with microbial spore powder, the microbial spore powder is 3 layers, beneficial microbial spore powder is tightly attached to the quinoa seeds, degraded microbial spore powder is arranged in the middle, and spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacles is arranged outside the quinoa seeds; the beneficial microorganism spore powder comprises the following components: bacillus mucilaginosus (B.), (B.mucilaginosus)Bacillus mucilaginosus) Bacillus cereus (B.cereus)Bacillus cereus.Frankland) And Azotobacter vinelandii (f) ((v))Azotobacter vinelandii Lipman) The bacterial powder is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 1: 0.5, mixing, and then wrapping the mixed bacterium powder outside the quinoa seeds by using an adhesive, wherein the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterium powder is 10-12: 1; the degradable microbial spore powder is bacillus subtilis SL-13 (B)Bacillus subtilis) Escherichia coli (E.coli) ((Escherichia coli) The weight ratio of the bacterial powder is 1.5: 2, mixing, and then wrapping the mixed bacterial powder outside the beneficial microorganism spore powder by using an adhesive, wherein the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterial powder is 10-12: 1; the spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacle is ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia (A)Pseudonocardiasp) Phosphorus-solubilizing Aspergillus nigerAspergillus niger sp.L-1) The weight ratio of the bacterial powder is 1.5:1, mixing, and then wrapping the mixed bacterial powder outside the degraded microbial spore powder by using an adhesive, wherein the weight ratio of the adhesive to the mixed bacterial powder is 10-12: 1;
(3) the coating expansion layer is as follows: mixing the adhesive and the bentonite according to the weight ratio of 1-2:10, and wrapping the mixture outside the microbial spore powder;
(4) wrapping a water absorption layer: the water absorption layer is: salicylic acid, poly 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol in a weight ratio of 1: 10: 2, mixing and wrapping the outer side of the expansion layer;
(5) molding: the wrapped quinoa seed pills comprise 1-2 quinoa seeds per pill.
2. The method for treating seeds to relieve quinoa continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the microbial spore powder: the spore number of the bacillus mucilaginosus is more than or equal to 50 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of azotobacter vinelandii is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus cereus is not less than 20 × 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 100 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of Escherichia coli is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of viable bacteria of the phosphate-solubilizing Aspergillus niger is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the number of live bacteria of ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia is more than or equal to 20 multiplied by 109CFU/g。
3. The method for treating seeds to relieve quinoa continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the method for culturing Escherichia coli comprises the following steps: inoculating 1ml of Escherichia coli into 1000ml of LB liquid culture medium, culturing at 30 ℃ with shaking and pH =7.0, wherein the bacterial number in the solution is more than or equal to 20 × 109Adding 100g of palygorskite and bacterial liquid when the concentration is CFU/ml, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, and drying the precipitate at 37 ℃ to prepare spore powder for later use; the method for culturing the ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia comprises the following steps: adding 1ml of ammonia oxidation Pseudonocardia into 1000ml of 2216E liquid culture medium, performing shake culture at 35 deg.C with pH =8.5, and culturing the bacteria in the solution at a concentration of not less than 20 × 109Adding 100g of palygorskite and bacterial liquid when the concentration is CFU/ml, mixing, stirring, adsorbing, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 15min, and drying the precipitate at 37 ℃ to obtain spore powder for later use.
4. The method for treating seeds to relieve quinoa continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the beneficial microorganism spore powder is 1-2mm, the thickness of the degraded microorganism spore powder is 1-2mm, and the thickness of the spore powder for relieving continuous cropping obstacle is 3-5 mm; the thickness of the expansion layer is 2-3 mm; the thickness of the water absorption layer is 4-6 mm; the size of the quinoa wheat seed pill is 8-15 times of that of a single seed.
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