CN108240857B - Spherical directive acoustic hydrophone - Google Patents
Spherical directive acoustic hydrophone Download PDFInfo
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- CN108240857B CN108240857B CN201611270775.6A CN201611270775A CN108240857B CN 108240857 B CN108240857 B CN 108240857B CN 201611270775 A CN201611270775 A CN 201611270775A CN 108240857 B CN108240857 B CN 108240857B
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
- G01H3/10—Amplitude; Power
- G01H3/12—Amplitude; Power by electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
- G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
Abstract
The invention provides a spherical directional sound pressure hydrophone, which comprises: the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transducer comprises two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2), a fixing structure, a gasket (3), a fixing screw (4), vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) and a lead (6); the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are supported by a fixed structure; the gasket (3) and the fixing screw (4) are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) and the fixing structure; the lead (6) is connected with the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2); the vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) coats the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2). The invention can shield the signal in a specific direction without affecting the signal reception in other directions, has the same signal processing method as the traditional hydrophone, and can improve the space gain of the hydrophone.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to underwater acoustic equipment, in particular to a spherical directional sound pressure hydrophone.
Background
The acoustic target simulator is weapon equipment produced along with in-water weapon tests and military training, and has the working principle of simulating in-water targets, such as submarines, surface ships and the like, converting searching acoustic signals of torpedoes, aeronautical shells and other weapon equipment into electric signals through a hydrophone, adding Doppler frequency shift, target strength and the like into the electric signals according to the characteristics of the simulated targets, and finally converting the processed telecommunication into acoustic signals through an acoustic pressure hydrophone to be emitted, so that the target simulation function of the acoustic characteristics is realized.
With the progress of self-conductance of weapon equipment such as torpedoes, aeronautical shells and the like, the practical receiving and transmitting requirements are put forward for acoustic targets, namely, a simulator transmits echo signals while receiving seeking signals of the weapon equipment such as the torpedoes, the aeronautical shells and the like. Since the target strength of the weapon equipment simulated by the acoustic target simulator is often large, for example, the maximum strength can reach 28dB, namely, the signal received by the simulator is about 25 times smaller than the signal emitted by the echo of the simulator. However, the simulator can only receive small signals, and the difference between the receiving and transmitting acoustic signals is required to be larger for simulating the stability of the system, otherwise, the system can be self-excited.
One of the current approaches is to design a resonant directional receiving hydrophone or a hydrophone linear array. The hydrophone can realize better directivity control near a design frequency point, but when the frequency is far lower than the design point, a directivity pattern approaches to nondirectional direction; when the frequency is much higher than the design point, the directivity pattern has a sharp 8-shape, and the opening angle becomes narrow. The working frequency band of the current acoustic target simulator usually reaches 2-3 octaves, and the requirement on directional opening angle in the full frequency band is high. If the designed frequency point of the hydrophone is arranged at the center of the frequency band, the low frequency band in the frequency band is almost non-directional, and the directional opening angle of the high frequency band is narrow, so that the index requirement cannot be met.
Acoustic pressure hydrophones have room for improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a spherical directional sound pressure hydrophone. The problem of use the acoustic pressure hydrophone directive property change in the operating band big on the present acoustics target simulator, especially during the low frequency, almost non-directive property leads to the simulator acoustics isolation little, easy self-excitation is solved.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the problem that: a spherical directional acoustic pressure hydrophone, comprising: the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transducer comprises two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2), a fixing structure, a gasket (3), a fixing screw (4), vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) and a lead (6);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are supported by a fixed structure;
the gasket (3) and the fixing screw (4) are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) and the fixing structure;
the lead (6) is connected with the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2);
the vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) coats the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2); the fixed structure comprises a connecting pad (8); the connecting pad (8) is of a circular ring structure;
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are formed independently, openings are oppositely arranged on the outer surface of the connecting pad (8), and the openings of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are supported by the connecting pad (8);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are connected through a connecting pad to form a composite piezoelectric ceramic ball; the central line of the connecting pad in the thickness direction forms a circular surface, which is called a central surface; two holes are formed in the connecting pad along the central surface, and the central connecting line of the holes passes through the cylindrical axis of the connecting pad; the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres take the central plane as a symmetrical plane, and the structural size is completely symmetrical; meanwhile, the piezoelectric characteristics of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are the same, the outer surfaces are connected through a lead, one lead is led out from the inner surface, or the inner surfaces are connected through one lead, and one lead is led out from the outer surfaces and is used as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone.
A spherical directional acoustic pressure hydrophone, comprising: the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transducer comprises two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2), a fixing structure, a gasket (3), a fixing screw (4), vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) and a lead (6);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are supported by a fixed structure;
the gasket (3) and the fixing screw (4) are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) and the fixing structure;
the lead (6) is connected with the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2);
the vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) coats the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are formed by separating a piezoelectric ceramic ball, the inner surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are connected, the outer surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are divided into two halves through a silver-layer-uncoated isolation belt, and each half is led out to form a lead as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone;
the fixing structure comprises two supporting pads (14) which are arranged on two vertexes of the piezoelectric ceramic ball, and the connecting line of the two supporting pads (14) passes through the center of the piezoelectric ceramic ball.
In the above embodiment, the method further includes: a metal structural member (1) and a plug (7);
the gasket (3) and the fixing screw (4) are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) and the fixing structure at one end of the metal structural part (1);
the plug (7) is arranged at the other end of the metal structural part (1);
the lead (6) is also connected with the plug (7).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the hydrophone has the advantages of simple structure, large directional opening angle and high resolution. Theoretically, the hydrophone can shield sound source sound signals at any point on the central plane of the hydrophone, and is irrelevant to the distance between the hydrophone and the sound source, so that the distance from the hydrophone to the sound source can be greatly shortened, and the size of a system is reduced. And the signal processing method of the hydrophone is simple and is the same as that of the traditional acoustic hydrophone.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical directional acoustic pressure hydrophone provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the directional launch of a spherical directional acoustic hydrophone shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a directivity diagram of a sound pressure hydrophone in a direction perpendicular to a center plane, which is actually obtained by the method;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a bonding pad structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a support pad configuration;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a composite piezoelectric ceramic ball in the form of a bonding pad;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a composite piezoelectric ceramic ball in the form of a support pad.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spherical directional acoustic hydrophone according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a spherical directional acoustic pressure hydrophone includes: the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transducer comprises two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2, a fixing structure, a gasket 3, a fixing screw 4, vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber 5 and a lead 6; the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are supported by a fixed structure; the gasket 3 and the fixing screw 4 are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 and a fixing structure; the lead 6 is connected with the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2; the vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber 5 coats the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2.
In one embodiment of the invention, the fixing structure comprises a connection pad 8; the connecting pad 8 is a circular ring structure; the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are formed independently, the openings are oppositely arranged on the outer surface of the connecting pad 8, and the openings of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are supported by the connecting pad 8.
In another embodiment of the invention, the two hemispheres 2 of piezoceramic are formed by a separation of one sphere of piezoceramic, and the inner surfaces of the two hemispheres 2 of piezoceramic are kept connected and the outer surfaces are separated by ceramic without silver coating; the fixing structure comprises two supporting pads 14 which are arranged on two vertexes of the piezoelectric ceramic ball, and the connecting line of the two supporting pads 14 passes through the center of the piezoelectric ceramic ball.
In an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: a metal structural member 1 and a plug 7; the gasket 4 and the fixing screw 5 are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 and the fixing structure at one end of the metal structural member 1; the plug 7 is arranged at the other end of the metal structural member 1; the conductor 6 is also connected to a plug 7.
In the embodiment of the invention, the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 have the same polarization direction and the same structural size; the inner surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are connected with each other, and the outer surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are respectively led out by a lead which is respectively used as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone.
In the embodiment of the invention, the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 have the same polarization direction and the same structural size; the outer surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are connected with each other, and the inner surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are respectively led out by a lead which is respectively used as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone.
The connecting pad 8 is made of insulating materials, and the specific type is not limited; the structure is symmetrical with a circular surface formed by a center line in the thickness direction; preferably, the openings of the connecting pads are designed to be quadrilateral, and the material is epoxy glass cloth plate.
The metal structural member and the socket can be replaced by a watertight cable, and the structural form is not limited.
The piezoelectric ceramic hemisphere and the joint of the piezoelectric ceramic hemisphere and the metal structural member are vulcanized by sound-transmitting glue, so that watertight and sound-transmitting effects are achieved.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the directional transmission of a spherical directional acoustic hydrophone shown in fig. 1. The composite piezoelectric ceramic ball can be formed by connecting two hemispherical piezoelectric ceramic elements through connecting pads. The center line of the connecting pad in the thickness direction is formed as a circular surface, herein called as a central surface. Two holes are formed in the connecting pad along the central surface, and the central connecting line of the holes passes through the cylindrical axis of the connecting pad. The two hemispherical piezoelectric ceramic elements take the central plane as a symmetrical plane, and the structural size is completely symmetrical. Meanwhile, the piezoelectric characteristics of the two hemispherical piezoelectric ceramic elements are the same, the outer surfaces are connected by a lead, the inner surfaces are respectively led out by a lead which is used as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone, or the inner surfaces are connected by a lead, and the outer surfaces are respectively led out by a lead. The composite piezoelectric ceramic ball can also adopt a mode of directly bonding two ceramic hemispheres with completely same polarization characteristics and sizes, and the central plane is a bonding surface of the two hemispheres. Two holes are formed on the surface of the bonded ceramic ball along the central plane, and the central connecting line of the holes passes through the center of the ball. And an insulating support pad is arranged on each hole, and the insulating support pad and the bonded ceramic balls form composite piezoelectric ceramic balls. The wiring and the use mode are the same as those described above. The composite piezoelectric ceramic ball can also be a whole ball, the outer surface of the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball is divided into two halves through an isolating belt without a silver coating, and each half is led out with a lead as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone. The thickness of the isolation belt is not limited, the center line of the isolation belt in the thickness direction is a circle, and the surface formed by the circle is the center surface. Two holes are also formed in the central surface, and the central line of the holes passes through the center of the sphere. And an insulating support pad is arranged on each hole, and the insulating support pad and the novel ceramic ball form a composite piezoelectric ceramic ball. When the piezoelectric ceramic ball works, a sound source is arranged on the central plane of the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball, and the distances from the sound source to each hemisphere are equal, so that the size and the phase of an electric signal excited by the sound source are the same on the two wires. If one wire is used as the anode and the other wire is used as the cathode, the difference between the two signals is equivalently made, and the output is zero. The hydrophone can theoretically shield the signal of the sound source on the center plane.
In order to strictly control the posture of the central plane and install the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball on the metal structural member, the connecting pad, the ceramic ball and the open hole on the supporting pad are designed into polygons, the ceramic ball is prevented from rotating around the metal rod, and the central plane of the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball is marked on the metal structural member. Preferably, the connection pads, the ceramic balls and the openings in the support pad are designed as quadrangles.
When in use, the sound source is arranged on the central plane of the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball, and preferably, the sound source is arranged on the extension line of the metal structural member (rod shape).
The composite piezoelectric ceramic ball and the joint with the metal structural member are vulcanized by the sound-transmitting glue, so that the watertight effect is achieved.
As optimization, two grooves are designed on a rod of a metal structural part, and the two grooves take the central plane of the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball as a symmetrical plane so as to facilitate the fixation of the directional hydrophone.
The fabrication process of the present invention is described in more detail below by way of example with reference to figures 3-7:
1. determining the size and polarization mode of the piezoelectric ceramic hemisphere 2 according to the requirement of project indexes;
2. if a connecting pad 8 structure is adopted, a twisted pair 6 is cut off, two core wires at one end of the twisted pair are respectively welded inside the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2, and the other end of the twisted pair penetrates out of a middle hole of the connecting pad 8; the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are respectively bonded on two sides of the connecting pad 8 by using elastic glue, so that a composite piezoelectric ceramic ball is formed;
3. if the supporting pad 14 structure is adopted and the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are directly bonded, firstly, one twisted pair 6 is intercepted, two core wires at one end of the twisted pair are respectively welded inside the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2, then two polygonal notches on the piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres 2 are aligned, and the twisted pair is bonded into a whole sphere by using insulating glue. Finally, mounting the support pads 14 on the two polygonal notches of the ceramic ball by using elastic glue by using an electric lead to form the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball;
4. if a supporting pad 14 structure is adopted and the mode of dividing the whole piezoelectric ceramic ball with the outer surface electrode type is adopted, only one twisted pair 6 needs to be intercepted, two core wires at one end of the twisted pair are respectively welded on two electrodes on the outer surface of the uniformly-divided piezoelectric ceramic ball, and then the supporting pad 14 is installed at two polygonal notches of the ceramic ball by using elastic glue, so that the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball is formed;
5. picking out the twisted pair 6 from the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball, and penetrating the twisted pair through one polygonal end and the other polygonal end of the metal structural member 1;
6. sleeving the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball at one polygonal end of the metal structural member 1, and ensuring that the central plane of the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball is the symmetrical plane of two grooves on the metal structural member 1 during sleeving;
7. the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball and the metal structural member 1 are fixed by a gasket 3 and a fixing screw 4 to prevent mutual rotation and falling;
8. welding the twisted pair 6 penetrating out from the other end of the metal structural member 1 on a socket 7, and fixing the socket 7 at one end of the metal structural member penetrating out of the twisted pair 6;
9. and vulcanizing the sound-transmitting rubber 5 on the outer surface of the composite piezoelectric ceramic ball.
Finally, the above examples are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto, but may be extended to other modifications and variations in application.
The invention can shield the signal in a specific direction without affecting the signal reception in other directions, has the same signal processing method as the traditional hydrophone, and can improve the space gain of the hydrophone.
Claims (3)
1. A spherical directional acoustic pressure hydrophone, comprising: the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transducer comprises two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2), a fixing structure, a gasket (3), a fixing screw (4), vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) and a lead (6);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are supported by a fixed structure;
the gasket (3) and the fixing screw (4) are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) and the fixing structure;
the lead (6) is connected with the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2);
the vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) coats the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2); the fixed structure comprises a connecting pad (8); the connecting pad (8) is of a circular ring structure;
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are formed independently, openings are oppositely arranged on the outer surface of the connecting pad (8), and the openings of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are supported by the connecting pad (8);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are connected through a connecting pad to form a composite piezoelectric ceramic ball; the central line of the connecting pad in the thickness direction forms a circular surface, which is called a central surface; two holes are formed in the connecting pad along the central surface, and the central connecting line of the holes passes through the cylindrical axis of the connecting pad; the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres take the central plane as a symmetrical plane, and the structural size is completely symmetrical; meanwhile, the piezoelectric characteristics of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are the same, the outer surfaces are connected through a lead, one lead is led out from the inner surface, or the inner surfaces are connected through one lead, and one lead is led out from the outer surfaces and is used as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone.
2. A spherical directional acoustic pressure hydrophone, comprising: the piezoelectric ceramic acoustic transducer comprises two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2), a fixing structure, a gasket (3), a fixing screw (4), vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) and a lead (6);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are supported by a fixed structure;
the gasket (3) and the fixing screw (4) are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) and the fixing structure;
the lead (6) is connected with the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2);
the vulcanized sound-transmitting rubber (5) coats the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2);
the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are formed by separating a piezoelectric ceramic ball, the inner surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) are connected, the outer surfaces of the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres are divided into two halves through a silver-layer-uncoated isolation belt, and each half is led out to form a lead as the anode and the cathode of the hydrophone;
the fixing structure comprises two supporting pads (14) which are arranged on two vertexes of the piezoelectric ceramic ball, and the connecting line of the two supporting pads (14) passes through the center of the piezoelectric ceramic ball.
3. The spherical directional acoustic pressure hydrophone of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a metal structural member (1) and a plug (7);
the gasket (3) and the fixing screw (4) are configured to fix the two piezoelectric ceramic hemispheres (2) and the fixing structure at one end of the metal structural part (1);
the plug (7) is arranged at the other end of the metal structural part (1);
the lead (6) is also connected with the plug (7).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611270775.6A CN108240857B (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Spherical directive acoustic hydrophone |
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| CN201611270775.6A CN108240857B (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Spherical directive acoustic hydrophone |
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| CN108240857B true CN108240857B (en) | 2020-05-05 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109239696A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇五研究所 | A kind of Bear high pressure spherical hydrophone |
| CN109239695A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2019-01-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇五研究所 | A kind of resistance to ultrahigh hydrostatic pressure spherical hydrophone |
| CN109709562B (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2023-08-29 | 中国船舶重工集团公司七五0试验场 | Target resolution data processing method of detection sonar |
| CN115460524A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-09 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Spherical broadband acoustic hydrophone and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN201269776Y (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-07-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Spherical hydrophone with shielding and flexible connection |
| CN102750941A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-24 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Deep-water ultra wide band spherical transducer |
| CN204303332U (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 中国船舶重工集团公司七五○试验场 | A kind of compact carries the transducer of amplifying circuit |
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| CN205376113U (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-07-06 | 中船重工海声科技有限公司 | Spherical transmitting transducer of small -size |
| CN105841800A (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-08-10 | 中国计量大学 | High pressure resistant spherical hydrophone and manufacturing method thereof |
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- 2016-12-27 CN CN201611270775.6A patent/CN108240857B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201269776Y (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-07-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | Spherical hydrophone with shielding and flexible connection |
| CN102750941A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-24 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | Deep-water ultra wide band spherical transducer |
| CN204303332U (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 中国船舶重工集团公司七五○试验场 | A kind of compact carries the transducer of amplifying circuit |
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