JP4882078B2 - Cardioid hydrophone and hydrophone device using it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To form cardioid directivity in respective directions of three axes by using a small size, light weight, and a single globular shape. <P>SOLUTION: In a hollow globular piezoelectric element, a penetration axis manufactured from sound matching resin passes through a center of a globular shape piezoelectric element, whose both ends penetrate and project through an outer shell of the globular piezoelectric element, and are fixed in the arrangement. Making the center of the globular piezoelectric element as an original point of the coordinate axes, any axis line out of virtual axis lines of X, Y and Z in a X, Y, Z coordinate system in which respective axis lines intersect in the right angle, is arranged to intersect in the right angle to the axis line of the penetration axis. Positions of two other axes are respectively made equal distances from the penetration axis, and pairs of circle shape notch parts are cut and formed on the outer shell of the globular piezoelectric element so as to respectively face each other. Circle shape piezoelectric elements are inserted into the notch parts, and joined and locked to the globular piezoelectric element. The respective circle shape piezoelectric elements are of an equal distance to the center of the globular piezoelectric element, and 6 directions, and these 3 pairs of circle shape piezoelectric elements obtains cardioid directivity in 3 directions of X, Y, and Z. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  For example, the present invention provides a long hose-like array for carrying out remote underwater measurement while towing away from a hull from a cable drum device installed on a test ship deck through a stern via water. In order to effectively receive incoming underwater sound waves, the cardioid directivity is set to a single hollow spherical piezoelectric device. The three-dimensional cardioid spherical hydrophone device is formed in three dimensions, that is, in the front-rear, left-right, and up-down directions.

Cardioid directivity is a characteristic that has maximum sensitivity in the 0 ° direction, half of the 0 ° direction in the horizontal direction, and minimum sensitivity at 180 degrees in relative sensitivity to the angle, and is about a quarter of the upper limit of the received frequency band. It is comprised by the omnidirectional receiving element of the arrangement | positioning which becomes below one wavelength.
In order to obtain cardioid directivity, for example, three omnidirectional receiving sensors are arranged in a straight line, and the receiving sensor outputs E ₁ and E ₂ at both ends having the same receiving sensitivity are connected in reverse phase in parallel. It becomes a gradient type, and its output E ₃ is expressed by equation (1).

  The output is obtained by a combined output connected in series or in parallel with a centrally arranged omnidirectional receiving sensor through an electronic circuit unit that shifts the phase by π / 2 and adjusts the sensitivity of the receiving sensor equally. be able to.

  That is, in the equation (1), when kd · sin θ / 2 << 1

  k = 2π / λ (λ: wavelength of sound wave)

  The directivity of the center receiving sensor

  As a result, the combined sum of the outputs of the three receiving sensors is expressed by equation (3).

In order for this to become the cardioid directivity “A (1 + cos θ)”, it is necessary to set A = A ₀ kd, φ = ± jπ / 2.

  That is, if the output is matched with the value in the linear arrangement direction which is the maximum output of the pressure gradient type and the phase is shifted by π / 2, the cardioid directivity shown in FIG.

Japanese Patent No. 3002722

  In order to obtain cardioid directivity, a plurality of conventional single receiving sensors are arranged on the same surface at a required interval. In addition, the cylindrical cardioid hydrophone disclosed in Patent Document 1 has cardioid directivity only in a single direction using a single cylindrical sensor, so that it can cope with the advancement of a device intended for new technical improvement. Is difficult.

Therefore, a hydrophone device is required that has cardioid directivity in the three axial directions of front and rear, left and right, and top and bottom with a single hollow spherical piezoelectric electron with respect to the axis of the housing cylindrical housing.
Here, the realization of a three-dimensional cardioid spherical hydrophone device using a single sphere is an issue.

  When multiple receiving sensors for obtaining multiple cardioid directivities in each direction are arranged on the base at the required intervals, the effect of superposition of sound waves due to reflection of incident sound waves between the base and each receiving sensor Often disturbs the cardioid directivity pattern.

  In addition, the structure is complicated by the arrangement of the plurality of receiving sensors, and in such a structure, complicated resonance occurs in the entire assembly portion of the receiving sensor arrangement, which is superimposed on the acoustic signal. As a result, the hydrophone has an extremely unfavorable frequency characteristic, and the directivity constructed on the assumption of a favorable flat reception sensitivity frequency characteristic deviates from a predetermined pattern.

  Also, if there is resonance characteristics due to vibration of the entire assembly of hollow spherical piezoelectric electrons, the characteristics change significantly depending on the water temperature and water pressure, so complicated and detailed calculation work is required along with correction and extra measurement work for each measurement. appear. In addition, it is very difficult to separate the influence of the composite for each factor, and it is also difficult to correct accurately. As a result, the influence on the deterioration of measurement accuracy cannot be denied.

  When manufacturing a hydrophone with the above arrangement, according to the conventional method, the material of each part of the hydrophone is synthetic rubber or synthetic resin boots, caps, rubber seats, titanium / lead zirconate based ceramic vibrators, etc. The other components are mainly brass and an aluminum alloy. Therefore, the weight becomes relatively large, and the neutral buoyancy is greatly deviated from the intention.

  Along with this, the use of thick cables with high strength increases the weight, and it requires extra manpower for carrying and cable work. In particular, depending on the purpose of the test, it may be necessary to take a hydrophone with neutral buoyancy and tow it with a cable, or to float in water and perform acoustic measurements. It is difficult to realize them

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a cardioid hydrophone device capable of forming cardioid directivity in each of three directions in a single spherical shape in order to solve the above-described conventional problems all at once. It is the purpose.

  In order to achieve the above object, a hydrophone having cardioid directivity is received and arranged along the length direction inside a cylindrical housing in order to receive sound waves from a predetermined direction. The technical improvement and performance improvement of the cylindrical cardioid hydrophone of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 that imparts cardioid directivity in the radial direction is performed.

  That is, the present application develops the basic technology of the cylindrical cardioid hydrophone to realize the problem, constructs a cardioid hydrophone, and forms a hollow spherical piezoelectric electron with a suitable support structure. Features the device.

  This will be described with reference to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 9. The cardioid hydrophone according to claim 1 of the present invention penetrates a hollow spherical piezoelectric electron and is made of an acoustically transparent resin resin. An axis passes through the center of the spherical piezoelectron, and both ends thereof are arranged and fixed so as to protrude through the outer shell of the spherical piezoelectron. Any one of the virtual axes that become the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis is disposed orthogonally to the axis of the through-axis, and the other two axes are located at equal distances from the through-axis, A pair of circular cutouts are formed in the outer shell so as to face each other about the virtual axis passing through the outer shell of the spherical piezoelectric electron, and a disk-shaped circular piezoelectric electron is formed in each notch. Inserted and bonded to the spherical piezoelectric , Wherein the respective circular 圧電Ko, which are equally spaced six directions with respect to the center of the spherical 圧電Ko.

According to the present invention, in the above cardioid hydrophone, each of the spherical piezoelectrons has a hemispherical two-part structure, and the penetrating shaft is disposed at a position along the joint surface where the joints are joined to each other and through the center. And at least one set of the circular piezoelectric electrons is located at the virtual axis line orthogonal to the through-axis and passing through the joint surface, and the circular piezoelectric electrons are respectively disposed. And

In the cardioid hydrophone according to the present invention, the circular piezoelectron has a spherical surface having the same diameter as an outer spherical surface of the spherical piezoelectron.

According to the present invention, in the cardioid hydrophone described above, two circularly arranged piezoelectron output terminals arranged on the X, Y, and Z virtual axes of the spherical piezoelectrons are opposed to each other. By connecting the outputs of circular piezoelectric electrons as a pair of piezoelectric materials as a pair in reverse phase to obtain bi-directionality in each virtual axis direction, and by connecting other piezoelectric parts excluding the notched portion of the spherical piezoelectric electrons It is characterized by obtaining an omnidirectional output.

According to the present invention, in the cardioid hydrophone, each of the bi-directional output and the omni-directional output by the circular piezoelectron has a phase difference of 90 degrees in the electronic circuit and is arranged on each virtual axis. The cardioid directivity is obtained in the three axial directions of X, Y, and Z by three sets of circular piezoelectric electrons.

As a cardioid hydrophone 4A configured to be capable of balancing internal and external pressures for use to a deep degree, and a hydrophone device 200 using the cardioid hydrophone, the present invention provides a spherical base made of a resin material and formed into a hollow sphere. The through-shaft made of an acoustically transparent resin resin passes through the center of the spherical base, and both ends protrude and protrude through the outer shell of the spherical base, and the center of the spherical base is the origin of the coordinate axes. Circular notches are formed as three sets facing each other at positions intersecting with virtual axes that are the X, Y, and Z axes of the XYZ coordinate system in which the axes are orthogonal to each other. A circular base having a spherical surface equivalent to the spherical surface of the base is disposed, and the circular base is compound-bonded to the spherical base, and flexible on both the front and back surfaces of the circular base. The piezoelectric material is mounted, and the polymer piezoelectric material on one of the front and back surfaces of the set on the virtual axis is in-phase parallel connection or in-phase series connection to obtain an omnidirectional output, and the other surface The above-mentioned spherical piezoelectric substrate is obtained by obtaining a cardioid directivity by a composite output of the omnidirectional output and the bidirectional output as a bidirectional output by connecting the polymer piezoelectric materials of The cardioid directivity is obtained in the triaxial direction by the polymer piezoelectric material in each of the X, Y, and Z directions.

The present invention is characterized in that, in the cardioid hydrophone, an inflow / outlet hole is formed in the spherical base so that acoustic oil can enter and exit through the front and back.

The present invention, in a hydrophone device using the cardioid hydrophone,
A good acoustic medium comprising a guard frame that holds both ends of the penetrating shaft protruding from the outer shell, is arranged in a frame shape with a predetermined interval from the outer shell surface, and surrounds the surface of the outer shell. The cardioid hydrophone is housed in acoustic oil.

The present invention comprises the above-described hydrophone device, comprising rolling stop plates that are fixed at one end to the guard frame at both end positions of the penetrating shaft and that extend in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the penetrating shaft. It is characterized by doing.

The present invention is the above hydrophone device comprising a cylindrical container, wherein the through shaft is disposed obliquely with respect to the axis of the container, and the axis and the virtual axis along the longitudinal direction of the container One of these is on a coaxial line, and the circular piezoelectrons are directed in the six directions of front and rear, left and right, and up and down.

  According to the present invention, as a result of studying the formation of cardioid directivity in the X, Y, and Z axis directions, which are three-dimensional directions of a single sphere, in a single hollow spherical piezoelectron, A plurality of circular cutouts are provided in the thick part of the inner peripheral surface, and a plurality of opposed three pairs of circular piezoelectrons that are individually vibrated, and their output signals and the output signals of the spherical piezoelectrons themselves are provided. It is sent to the main amplifier, phase shifter, and adder of the preamplifier and the control unit, and by calculating the required phase shift and amplitude for each direction, it is a cardioid in each of the three axial directions with a single hollow spherical structure It realizes directivity.

In addition, by configuring the spherical piezoelectric electron with the shape and mass center support, the omnidirectional acceleration balance is achieved, and there is no generation of acceleration output voltage due to mechanical vibration. As a result, we verified by vibration test measurement and obtained new knowledge.

  That is, in a hemispherical union type single sphere of a spherically polarized spherical piezoelectric element, acceleration sensitivity tests using a vibration exciter are performed in parallel and vertical directions of the hemispherical union type joint surface support, so-called omnidirectional acceleration sensitivity. There is no.

  In addition, in the measurement test result of the acceleration output voltage with respect to the angle at which the acceleration application direction is changed, no acceleration output voltage is generated in each direction of the entire circumference.

  In addition, the spherical piezoelectric electron has an advantage that it can be treated as a point receiver acoustically than a cylindrical shape or other shapes, and has a high directivity gain in a higher frequency range. Further, it is known that the spherical piezoelectric electron is omnidirectional and possesses a broadband received sensitivity frequency characteristic, and has a relatively high sensitivity when the inner surface is an air chamber.

  Based on the above considerations, as a result of studying the formation of cardioid directivity in each of the three-dimensional directions, a single hollow spherical piezoelectron has a plurality of opposed three pairs of circular piezoelectrons that vibrate independently on the outer periphery. By providing them in small circular cutouts, the output signals and output signals of hollow spherical piezoelectrons themselves by parts other than the cutouts are sent to the preamplifier and controller, etc. By calculating the phase and amplitude, cardioid directivity is realized in each of the three axial directions with a single spherical piezoelectric electron.

  It should be noted that the performance cannot be sufficiently exhibited simply by disposing a hollow spherical piezoelectric electron that does not generate an acceleration output voltage due to mechanical vibration in the housing cylinder. This is because the SN ratio (S: signal, N: noise) of the sensor unit of the device is the occurrence of noise due to rubbing with the surroundings in the slight vibration environment during operation, mixing of vibrations from the body, and the occurrence of displacement. Will deteriorate the performance of the entire system.

  That is, in an underwater receiver used for underwater sound measurement, an acoustic receiver group including a storage cylinder that is a cylindrical body elongated in the axial direction of a cable attached to the tip of a cable extending in water. In this type of underwater receiver, the receiving element is held on the axial center of the cylinder, and the underwater acoustic wave that arrives at the underwater receiver The signal is transmitted through the case of the receiver and received by the sensing unit, and the signal voltage is input to an external measuring device body such as a ship through a signal line.

  In order to maximize the effect, the hollow spherical piezoelectric electron used as the sensing part is held in the suspended state in the medium as the central support structure of the shape and mass, it does not hit the neighboring / neighboring parts, it does not touch, It is essential to design a spherical piezoelectric support that does not rub.

For this reason, the present invention incorporates the following new technologies and ideas.
First, a through-shaft 9 made of an acoustic matching resin resin that passes through the center of the sphere along the two split surfaces of the hollow spherical piezoelectric electron 5 and penetrates the opposite end and made of acoustic matching resin resin is mounted, and supported at the center of shape and mass To do.

  The through-shaft 9 made of the acoustic matching resin resin is attached after the through-shaft 9 is joined with watertight compound to the opposite end portions passing through the center of the spherical piezoelectric body 5 in one hemisphere before the union as the spherical piezoelectric body 5. Furthermore, the other hemisphere is covered and united to make a single hollow spherical piezoelectric electron 5.

  The through-shaft 9 made of acoustic matching resin resin is provided with a through-hole over a portion corresponding to the spherical central axis, and after inserting and penetrating the signal conductor 8 joined to the spherical inner peripheral surface electrode, Filling and joining with compound 22.

  Furthermore, the hollow spherical piezoelectric element 5 is surrounded by a predetermined interval with respect to the outer shell surface to avoid the influence of the transmission vibration from the array storage cylinder 17 or the like, and directly touch other containers. The guard frame 13 made of an acoustic matching resin resin for placing the cardioid hydrophone 4 is held in the array 17 so as not to be stored.

  Further, the male frames 12 and 12 formed at the upper and lower portions of the guard frame 13 made of an acoustic matching resin resin, for example, both ends of the through shaft 9, are extended in different directions to avoid the effects of positional deviation and rubbing noise. A pair of rolling restraining plates 14 provided as described above is provided.

  This is embedded in a shock-absorbing foam mold 25 having an accommodation space portion 26 that has a mechanical vibration damping effect and has a cut-out formation with good sound transmission due to the permeation of the acoustic oil 16, and the same is applied to one side thereof. A cushioning foam mold 25 having the other accommodating space 26 is placed.

  Further, the spherical piezoelectric electrons 5 that receive underwater sound are directly brought into contact with other containers by being placed in an environment in which they are floating in a buffer foam 25 and an acoustic medium such as castor oil or silicone oil. Make sure that there are no vibrations from the body. As a result, good reception sensitivity frequency characteristics and cardioid directional characteristics can be obtained.

  Further, by suitably supporting the spherical piezoelectric electron 5, the acceleration sensitivity to be provided as a hydrophone is lowered, the reception sensitivity is kept high, and the sensitivity ratio (the ratio between the acceleration sensitivity and the reception sensitivity) is improved. Good wideband receiving sensitivity frequency characteristics are expected.

  Further, the above functions as a tension member, is formed in a cylindrical shape that prevents positional displacement of each sensor, and the sensor or the like is incorporated into a cylindrical woven cloth 24 in which a hole for inserting and removing the sensor is cut out to have a desired tension. To wrap up.

  The cardioid hydrophone according to the present invention has a configuration of only a spherical piezoelectron itself as a hollow spherical piezoelectron of a long flexible array used in a vibration environment, and as a hydrophone device using a cardioid hydrophone, In addition to being able to be configured in a suitable small size, there are the following effects such as a smaller bending radius and a smaller size of the ship winch and its associated equipment.

  A new wide range of search sensor array operations by realizing cardioid directivity in the X, Y, Z triaxial directions in the sensor unit on the underwater side (wet end side) with a single hollow spherical piezoelectric electron. Deployment became possible. In addition, the complicated software construction of signal processing due to a large amount of money on the ship's upper side (dry end side) can be eliminated, and the electronic circuit can be simplified, resulting in a significant cost reduction and man-hour reduction effect.

  In particular, the formation of cardioid directivity in the axial direction of small and long flexible arrays can improve and eliminate the blind zones of long arrays that were previously impossible. Become.

  In addition, even if the towing cable for towing the array is designed to be untwisted, twisting of the cable at the actual sea surface may occur due to winding by coiled storage in the cable yard, etc., resulting in water resistance due to towing speed. The receiving array connected subsequently is tilted in the axial direction. Such undesired axial tilt of the array greatly affects the performance of the underwater exploration device and is highly dependent on the towing speed. However, in combination with a cable drum device that winds and feeds a towing cable etc. and also rotates in the axial direction, and based on the roll angle output of the posture sensor built in the long array, in the cable drum device, Since the towing cable can be controlled by rotating the towing cable in the axial direction and the long array of subsequent connections is set to the required roll angle, the target sound arrival direction of the underwater acoustic sounding device can be determined reliably and easily. Performance improvement and search area expansion. In addition, the cost effectiveness is tremendous because it eliminates the need for a large number of man-hours and software supplementation for large cost construction.

  Furthermore, the effect of reducing the fluid resistance by enabling the diameter of the receiving array to be smaller than the structure of the conventional cylindrical piezoelectrons can be relatively simplified, for example, the complicated structure of the connection part of the wet end can be relatively simplified. Manufacturing man-hours can be greatly reduced.

  Moreover, the radial attitude of the receiving array can be adjusted by using a cable drum device installed on the deck of the test ship based on the output signal of the radial attitude sensor among the attitude sensors housed in the long receiving array. Since it can be easily controlled, the direction of the incoming sound wave can be accurately grasped. In addition, in order to form the directivity in the radial direction, according to the cardioid hydrophone of the present application, rather than the method of horizontally parallel towing a plurality of long arrays, cardioid directivity is realized with a single array, It is much more innovative than the conventional concept using underwater aircraft. In this application, the strength of the towing cable is lower than that, the diameter can be designed to be smaller, the deck winch can be reduced in size, the required power can be reduced, and the incidental equipment can be reduced in size. . Moreover, this has a remarkable effect in avoiding the complexity of the operation work and avoiding the difficulty in operating the test ship, and the total cost reduction effect thereof is extremely large.

  In terms of operation, in order to form an effective cardioid directivity, it is necessary to tow a plurality of long arrays in parallel. However, according to the cardioid hydrophone of the present invention, the conventional cylindrical pressure can be achieved with a single array. The structure is simpler than that of an electron, the diameter of the long array can be reduced, the structure is simplified, the bending radius of the array is reduced, and the ship winch and incidental equipment become smaller. The effect of reducing the resistance makes it possible to operate at high speed and expand the search area. For example, labor saving and many cost savings and the convenience of operation are enormous.

  In the cardioid hydrophone of the present invention, it is made of a resin-made spherical base, can be completely immersed in a medium, has no air chamber, and also uses a circular piezoelectric electron made of a polymer piezoelectric material, even in a high water pressure environment. The cardioid directivity can be formed in the three-axis directions along the X, Y, and Z axes from a shallow depth to a deep depth with a single spherical shape.

  According to such a structure, it is extremely suitable as a hollow spherical piezoelectric electron of a long flexible array used in a vibration environment.

  In addition, with such a sensor configuration, with a little effort, reduction in acceleration output voltage and series-parallel connection that takes electrostatic capacity and signal output voltage into consideration provide high reception sensitivity and low output impedance. Therefore, it is possible to easily improve the SN ratio of a device that is difficult to handle with software.

  In addition, the present invention, which has a cardioid directivity in the three axis directions of X, Y, and Z, and is arranged with hollow spherical piezoelectric electrons having advantages such as broadband frequency characteristics and acceleration balance, is a conventional cylinder. Since there is an advantage that the point receiver can be treated acoustically than the shape and other shapes, a high directivity gain is retained up to a higher frequency range. In addition, when phasing in a line shape, the present invention greatly improves the level of the sub-pole compared to the receiving element having a cylindrical shape or other shapes, resulting in a high directivity gain and determining the direction of arrival of the target sound. Is greatly improved. In addition, a cost-effective and effective effect is enormous, such that a suitable signal having a higher S / N ratio can be sent to the main circuit for subsequent signal processing and phasing processing, and the performance as a system is dramatically improved.

It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the cardioid hydrophone by this invention. It is a figure which shows a cardioid directivity pattern. It is a perspective view which shows the guard frame external appearance of the cardioid hydrophone with which the hydrophone apparatus by this invention is equipped. It is a perspective view of the hydrophone apparatus using the cardioid hydrophone by this invention. It is a center part sectional view of the hydrophone device by the present invention. It is a figure which shows the structure system | strain of the cardioid hydrophone of this invention. 1 is an embodiment diagram of a hydrophone device according to the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the structure external appearance of the cardioid hydrophone by other embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the center cross section of the hydrophone apparatus using the cardioid hydrophone of FIG. 8 of this invention.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an appearance of a cardioid hydrophone according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cardioid hydrophone of the present invention is substantially constituted by a spherical piezoelectric electron 5, a circular piezoelectric electron 7, and a penetrating shaft 9.

  The spherical piezoelectric electron 5 has a hemispherical structure divided into two, and this divided structure is integrally joined with a joint filler 11 to form a hollow spherical structure. The penetrating shaft 9 is made of an acoustic matching resin resin and is provided so as to penetrate the spherical piezoelectric element 5.

  The penetrating shaft 9 is assembled together with the construction of a bonding material or the like when the spherical piezoelectric electrons 5 are assembled and assembled. The assembling position with respect to the spherical piezoelectron 5 is a position along the joint surface 5a that is hemispherical and passing through the center of the sphere, and both ends of the penetrating shaft 9 protrude outward from the spherical piezoelectric 5.

  Each of the spherical piezoelectric electrons 5 assumes a so-called regular hexahedron in six equal directions of the spherical piezoelectric electrons 5, that is, on the spherical surface, with the central axis on the dividing surface 5a parallel to the penetrating axis 9 as a reference. Locations corresponding to the X, Y, and Z axis directions on the circumferential surface that are opposite to each other at positions corresponding to the plane, in other words, XYZ coordinates in which the axes of the spherical piezoelectric electrons 5 are the origin of the coordinate axes and the axes are orthogonal to each other A total of six small-diameter cutouts 6 are formed at positions where the virtual axis lines serving as the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis of the system intersect with the outer shell of the spherical piezoelectric electron 5.

  A piezoelectron (piezoelectric material) cut out by the cutout portion 6 or a circular piezoelectron 7 made of a piezoelectric material of another configuration is fitted into the spherical piezoelectron 5 with a filler 10 or the like in the cutout portion 6. Provide to block. At the same time, the through-shaft 9 made of the acoustic matching resin resin is sandwiched between the divided hemispherical piezoelectric materials, and united and joined to form a spherical shape again.

  Each circular piezoelectric electron 7 may have a smooth disk shape, or may be formed of a spherical surface equivalent to the spherical surface of the spherical piezoelectric electron 5.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the circular piezoelectric element 7 having three pairs of opposing lead wires 36 is provided as a total of six independent sensors in each of three equal directions on the outer peripheral surface of the spherical piezoelectric element 5. Thus, a cardioid hydrophone including a hollow spherical piezoelectric electron 5 supported by a through shaft 9 made of an acoustic matching resin resin is obtained.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a hydrophone device using a cardioid hydrophone according to the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a central portion of the hydrophone device according to the present invention.
Next, the hydrophone device 100 using the cardioid hydrophone 4 configured as described above is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the spherical piezoelectric element 5 in order to prevent contact and rubbing between the housing and the sound receiving surface of the spherical piezoelectric element 5. The spherical piezoelectric electrons 5 are incorporated and enclosed in the guard frame 13 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the guard frame 13 has a curved frame shape and is fastened and fixed to the through shaft 9 by upper and lower fastening bag nuts 15 and the like.

  The electronic circuit configured in the cardioid hydrophone 4 of the present invention is before the omnidirectional output 2 and the bidirectional output 3 are impedance-converted and output as shown in the configuration system of the cardioid hydrophone device of FIG. The phase of the preamplifier 28 and the main amplifier 34 and the omnidirectional output 2 or the bidirectional output 3 that equalize the maximum sensitivity of the bidirectional output 3 in the direction of 180 degrees to each other and the sensitivity of the omnidirectional output 2. Is provided with a phase shifter 30 and an adder 31 that shift each of them by π on each axis in the X, Y, and Z directions.

  That is, the piezoelectric part other than the notch 6 of the spherical piezoelectric electron 5 used in common is impedance-converted from the signal line terminal of the omnidirectional output 2 by the preamplifier 28, and the bidirectional output 3 and the omnidirectional are controlled by the control unit 29. Each of the characteristic outputs 2 is added by an adder 31 with an amplitude adjustment and a phase difference of 90 degrees to form a cardioid directivity 1.

  In this way, the hydrophone device 100 using the cardioid hydrophone 4 is obtained with a single sphere structure for each of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.

  As shown in a schematic perspective view of the hydrophone device 100 of FIG. 7, the cardioid hydro is provided in a cylindrical storage body 17 which is a narrow configuration and is flexible and is a long wave receiving array. The penetrating shaft 9 made of the acoustic matching resin constituting the phone 4 is accommodated obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the accommodating body 17 and preferably 45 °. As a result, the circular piezoelectrons 7 are directed in six directions, ie, the front, rear, left, and right directions, with respect to the length direction of the receiving body 17 that is a receiving array, and the cardioid directivity is a single spherical shape. It can be realized by the structure of The container 17 configured as the hydrophone device 100 includes a cylindrical portion 27 made of foamed resin or the like inside a cylindrical shape, a tension member 23 arranged in the axial direction inside the cylindrical portion 27, The cylindrical woven fabric 24 that supports the tension member 23, and the cardioid hydrophone 4 is accommodated and supported inside the cylindrical woven fabric 24, and the buffer foam frame 25 that supports the signal conductor 8 connected to the cardioid hydrophone 4. It comprises. The shock-absorbing foam mold 25 is provided with an accommodation space 26, and the cardioid hydrophone 4 is accommodated and fixed therein. In the accommodation space 26, the cardioid hydrophone 4 has the through shaft 9 supported and fixed as described above, and the rolling restraining plates 14 fixed to both ends of the through shaft 9 are fixed, and further into the space. Is filled with acoustic oil 16.

  Another embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is a case of a cardioid hydrophone 4A using a spherical base 20 made of an acoustic matching resin resin which is a light and acoustically transparent resin, and is as follows. .

  The cardioid hydrophone 4A of this embodiment has the same configuration as that of the above-described spherical piezoelectric electron 5 as the configuration of the spherical substrate 20, that is, has a two-part structure, and combines the hemispherical portions at the joint surface. ing. Further, a through shaft 9 made of an acoustic matching resin resin is parallel to the joint surface of the spherical base 20 and is disposed at a position passing through the center of the sphere, and both ends are disposed so as to protrude from the spherical base 20. .

  In addition, the outer shell of the spherical base 20 has six locations that intersect with the virtual axes that are the X, Y, and Z axes of the XYZ coordinate system in which each axis is orthogonal with the center of the spherical base being the origin of the coordinate axes. The circular notches 18 are formed as three sets facing each other. Each of the six cutouts 18 is provided with a circular base 35 made of a resin material and having a spherical surface equivalent to the spherical surface of the spherical base 20, and is joined and attached to the spherical base 20 with a compound 22.

  In addition, inflow / outlet holes 21 are provided through the front and back of the outer shell at other portions of the spherical base 20 other than the six notches 18. The inflow and outflow holes 21 allow acoustic oil made of a good acoustic medium to enter and exit the spherical base 20.

  A circular piezoelectron 19 is attached to a circular base 35 attached to the notch 18 of the spherical base 20. Examples of the piezoelectric material include a piezoelectric ceramic, a polymer piezoelectric material, a piezoelectric rubber, and an optical fiber.

  In the present invention, as an example, a circular base 35 made of an acoustic matching resin, which is the same material as the spherical base 20, is used, and circular piezoelectric elements 19 made of a polymer piezoelectric material are mounted on both the front and back surfaces. Then, this is fitted into a required portion of the spherical base 20 with a compound bonding material, that is, the six notches 18 described above, and the hemisphere having a two-part structure constituting the spherical base 20 is inserted into a through shaft made of an acoustic matching resin resin. 9 and sandwiched and joined to form a spherical shape again.

The circular piezoelectric electron 19 made of a polymer piezoelectric material applied to the cardioid hydrophone 4A of the present embodiment has an output voltage depending on the strain caused by the expansion and contraction of the base as a reinforcing material, like a conventional foil film. Unlike what is obtained, it has a thickness of 0.5 mm or more, and obtains an output voltage mainly by a volume change of the polymer piezoelectric material itself (circular piezoelectric 19 itself).
As a result, the three circular piezoelectrons 19 of the three circular substrates 35 facing each other as independent sensors in the three equal directions of the peripheral surface of the spherical substrate 20, that is, the three directions of the X, Y, and Z axes described above are provided on the front and back sides. The cardioid hydrophone 4A supported by the through shaft 9 made of the matching resin resin can be obtained by the spherical base 20.

  In the cardioid hydrophone 4A of this embodiment, for example, the bidirectional output in which the opposite output terminals of the circular piezoelectric electrons 19 on the surface of the spherical substrate 20 are connected in reverse phase is impedance-converted by the preamplifier 28, and the bidirectionality That is, bi-directionality is obtained in each of the X, Y, and Z axis directions.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the individual outputs of the circular piezoelectrons 19 on the back surface of the spherical substrate 20 are connected in phase, that is, the omnidirectional outputs 2 are connected to each other and used in common. Impedance conversion is performed by the preamplifier 28, and the control unit 29 causes each of the bidirectional output 3 and the omnidirectional output 2 to be added to the amplitude adjustment. That is, the phase shifter 30 gives a phase difference of 90 degrees to each other, and these are added by the adder 31 to form the cardioid directivity 1.

  In this manner, the first to third, that is, each of the X, Y, and Z axial directions is obtained by a single sphere structure, and is made of an acoustic matching resin resin that is a lightweight and acoustically transparent resin. The hydrophone device 200 shown in the central cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 can be realized by using the spherical base 20 and the structure adopting the internal / external pressure balancing method by the inflow and outflow of the acoustic oil 16 for use to the fullest extent.

  As shown in FIG. 7, as in the above-described embodiment, this embodiment has a cylindrical housing 17 that is a long wave receiving array and a through-shaft 9 made of an acoustic matching resin resin is inclined. Then, it accommodates so that it may become 45 degrees. Thus, during operation, the circular piezoelectric electrons 19 are directed in six directions, ie, the front, rear, left and right, and upper and lower directions of the container 17 that is a receiving array, and the cardioid directivity 1 is formed.

  In addition, a plurality of inflow and outflow holes 21 are formed in the spherical base 20 made of the acoustic matching resin resin, and the acoustic oil 16 flows in and out, resulting in an internal and external pressure equilibrium. The hydrophone device 200 using the cardioid hydrophone that can be operated up to can be realized.

That is, the present invention essentially requires the following configuration.
A hollow spherical piezoelectric electron 5 having a single spherical structure constituted by joining two divided shapes, and a penetration made of an acoustic matching resin passing through the outer shell through the center of the spherical piezoelectric electron 5 The axis 9 and the axis of the spherical piezoelectron 5 with the origin of the coordinate axis as the origin of the coordinate axes, and each axis is orthogonal to the axis of the penetrating axis 9 of the XYZ coordinate system X axis, Y axis and Z axis. The two other axes are equidistant from the penetrating shaft 9, and the pairs are 6 in pairs so as to face each other about the virtual axes in three equal directions passing through the outer shell of the spherical piezoelectric electron 5. A plurality of circular cutouts 6 are formed through the outer shell, and each cutout 6 is fitted with a disc-shaped circular piezoelectron 7 as an independent sensor to form a three-piece configuration and joined to the spherical piezoelectron 5. The circular piezoelectrons 7 attached to each lead wire 36 are in the spherical piezoelectrons 5. The cardioid hydrophone 4 serves as a cardioid hydrophone 4 and is used to prevent contact with the sound receiving surface of the spherical piezoelectric electron 5 constituting the cardioid hydrophone 4. A guard frame 13 made of an acoustic matching resin resin along the outer peripheral surface is provided, and the two pairs of circular piezoelectric electrons 7 that face each other are connected in reverse phase, and double in the X, Y, and Z axial directions. Obtaining directivity 3, and simultaneously obtaining a omnidirectional output 2 by using a piezoelectric portion with a lead wire 36 other than the notch 6 of the spherical piezoelectric 5, and also obtaining a bidirectional directivity 3 and omnidirectionality. By using each of the outputs 2, the cardioid directivity 1 is obtained in each of the X, Y, and Z axial directions, and further received and configured in the cylindrical receiving array housing 17, whereby the receiving array housing 17 is provided. Before and after, left and right and up and down directions, The cardioid directivity in other words three-dimensional directions to obtain a hydrophone device 100 that makes it possible to achieve in a single ball structure.

  Further, as the cardioid hydrophone 4A configured to be able to balance internal and external pressures for use to a deep degree, and the hydrophone device 200 using the cardioid hydrophone 4A, a spherical base 20 having a single structure is used. The spherical base 20 is made of a resin material equivalent to the spherical base 20 in six equal-sized notches 18 provided by drilling in six equal directions with respect to the center of the spherical base 20 as described above. For example, circular piezoelectrons made of a polymer piezoelectric material having flexibility are mounted on both the front and back surfaces of a circular substrate 35 placed on a spherical surface equivalent to the spherical surface of the substrate, and the periphery thereof is single-bonded by compound filling bonding. As a separate sensor in the X, Y and Z triaxial directions of the spherical base 20, the sensitive parts by the circular piezoelectric electrons are obtained in three opposing groups, that is, in six directions. In addition, the acoustic oil inflow / outlet holes 21 for allowing the acoustic oil 16 filled in the receiving array container 17 to freely flow in / out are provided at necessary portions of the spherical base 20 having a hollow structure. With such a configuration, the hydrophone device 200 using the cardioid hydrophone 4A configured to balance the internal and external pressures to be used to the fullest extent is realized.

4.4A ... Cardioid hydrophone 5 ... Spherical piezo-electric 6, 18 ... Notch 7, 19 ... Circular piezo-electric 9 ... Penetration shaft 13 ... Guard frame 14 ... Rolling restraint plate 17 ... Storage body 20 ... Spherical base 21 ... Inflow Outlet 35 ... Circular base 100, 200 ... Hydrophone device

Claims (4)

A hollow spherical piezoelectric electron has a penetrating shaft made of an acoustically transparent resin resin arranged and fixed so as to pass through the center of the spherical piezoelectric electron and project both ends through the outer shell of the spherical piezoelectric electron. One of the imaginary axes that are the X, Y, and Z axes of the XYZ coordinate system in which the center of the electron is the origin of the coordinate axes and each axis is orthogonal to each other is arranged orthogonally to the axis of the penetrating axis. These two axes are equidistant from the penetrating axis, and a pair of circular notches are formed in the outer shell so as to face each other around the virtual axis passing through the outer shell of the spherical piezoelectric electron. In each of the notches, disc-shaped circular piezoelectrons are respectively fitted and engaged with the spherical piezoelectrons so that the circular piezoelectrons are equally spaced from the center of the spherical piezoelectrons. Ri Na is a, the spherical圧電Ko are each The phantom axis that has a spherical two-part structure, is disposed along a joint surface where each other is joined and passes through the center, and is perpendicular to the through shaft and passes through the joint surface. Any one set of the circular piezoelectric electrons is located, and each of the circular piezoelectric electrons is disposed,
The circular piezoelectric electron has a spherical surface having the same diameter as the outer spherical surface of the spherical piezoelectric electron,
At the output terminals of the circular piezoelectric electrons arranged at the virtual axes of X, Y, and Z of the spherical piezoelectric electrons, two opposingly arranged pairs of circular piezoelectric electrons as a piezoelectric material are inserted as a pair. Connect the outputs in reverse phase to obtain bi-directionality in each virtual axis direction, and obtain an omnidirectional output by connecting other piezoelectric parts excluding the notch of the spherical piezoelectric electrons,
In each of the bi-directional output and the omni-directional output by the circular piezoelectron, a cardioid is formed by three sets of circular piezoelectrons arranged on the respective virtual axes by giving an electronic circuit a phase difference of 90 degrees. A cardioid hydrophone characterized by obtaining directivity in three axial directions of X, Y, and Z. In the hydrophone device using the cardioid hydrophone according to claim 1 ,
The both ends of the through-shaft projecting from the outer shell are held and arranged in a frame shape with a predetermined interval with respect to the outer shell surface, and a guard frame surrounding the outer shell surface is provided, and is made of an acoustic medium. A hydrophone device in which the cardioid hydrophone is accommodated in acoustic oil. The rolling restraint plate according to claim 2 , further comprising a rolling restraining plate that is fixed at one end to the guard frame at both end positions of the penetrating shaft and that extends in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the penetrating shaft. Hydrophone device. It comprises a cylindrical container, and the through-shaft is arranged obliquely with respect to the axis of the container, and one of the axis along the longitudinal direction of the container and the imaginary axis is on a coaxial line, 4. The hydrophone device according to claim 2 , wherein each of the circular piezoelectric electrons is directed in six directions of upper and lower sides.

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